鄧康 李云龍 韓傳學
[摘 要]目的 探討安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療乳腺良性腫瘤的臨床效果。方法 選取2022年3月-2023年3月我院收治的64例乳腺良性腫瘤患者為研究對象,采用隨機數(shù)字表法分為對照組和觀察組,各32例。對照組采用乳暈弧形切口切除手術(shù),觀察組采用安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù),比較兩組治療效果、臨床手術(shù)指標、乳房外觀美觀度、焦慮評分及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果 觀察組治療總有效率為93.75%,高于對照組的81.25%(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時間、切口愈合時間均優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組乳房形態(tài)、乳頭乳暈感覺、切口瘢痕、色素沉著評分均高于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組GAD-7評分低于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為9.38%,低于對照組的21.88%(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 乳腺良性腫瘤采用安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療效果確切,手術(shù)時間短,術(shù)后恢復(fù)較快,可減輕患者不良情緒,提升術(shù)后乳房外觀美觀度,且并發(fā)癥發(fā)生風險較低,具有良好的應(yīng)用有效性和安全性。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù);乳腺良性腫瘤;乳房外觀美觀度
[中圖分類號] R737.9 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1004-4949(2024)10-0124-04
Clinical Effect of EnCor Minimally Invasive Atherectomy in the Treatment of Benign Breast Tumor
DENG Kang, LI Yun-long, HAN Chuan-xue
(The First Department of General Surgery, the Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao 266500, Shandong, China)
[Abstract]Objective To study the clinical effect of EnCor minimally invasive atherectomy in the treatment of benign breast tumor. Methods A total of 64 patients with benign breast tumors admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 32 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional periareolar incision, and the observation group was treated with EnCor minimally invasive atherectomy. The treatment effect, clinical operation index, aesthetic appearance of breast, anxiety score and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 93.75%, which was higher than 81.25% in the control group (P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, operation time and wound healing time of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of breast morphology, nipple areola sensation, wound scar and pigmentation in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The GAD-7 score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 9.38%, which was lower than 21.88% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion EnCor minimally invasive atherectomy is effective in the treatment of benign breast tumors. It has the characteristics of short operation time and rapid postoperative recovery. At the same time, it can reduce the patients adverse emotions, improve the appearance of the postoperative breast appearance, and the risk of complications is low, which has good application effectiveness and safety.
[Key words] EnCor minimally invasive atherectomy; Benign breast tumor; Aesthetic appearance of breast
乳腺腫瘤(breast cancer)是臨床常見的女性疾病,且多數(shù)為良性,其發(fā)病與遺傳、生活方式、飲食習慣等多種因素相關(guān)[1]。隨著乳腺良性腫瘤發(fā)生率的不斷上升,嚴重威脅了女性患者的健康和生活質(zhì)量[2]。臨床常規(guī)采用開放性手術(shù)切除,切口較大,會破壞乳房形態(tài),術(shù)后瘢痕明顯,對患者造成較大的心理負擔[3]。隨著微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)在臨床得到廣泛應(yīng)用,其可通過穿刺針準確定位,進行準確旋切,從理論基礎(chǔ)上可減輕對患者的創(chuàng)傷,符合現(xiàn)代微創(chuàng)治療理念[4,5]。但關(guān)于安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療乳腺良性腫瘤方面的應(yīng)用效果尚未完全明確,還需要臨床進一步探究證實[6]?;诖?,本研究結(jié)合2022年3月-2023年3月我院收治的64例乳腺良性腫瘤患者臨床資料展開分析,探討安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療乳腺良性腫瘤效果的臨床效果,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2022年3月-2023年3月青島市黃島區(qū)中醫(yī)醫(yī)院收治的64例乳腺良性腫瘤患者為研究對象,采用隨機數(shù)字表法分為對照組和觀察組,各32例。對照組年齡23~62歲,平均年齡(32.19±3.45)歲;病程2~23個月,平均病程(6.29±1.20)個月。觀察組年齡25~60歲,平均年齡(31.87±2.10)歲;病程3~24個月,平均病程(6.10±1.45)個月。兩組年齡、病程比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),研究可比。
1.2 納入與排除標準 納入標準:①符合乳腺良性腫瘤診斷標準[7];②均經(jīng)X線或超聲確診[8];③無手術(shù)禁忌證[9];④患者自愿參加本研究,并簽署知情同意書。排除標準:①合并其他惡性腫瘤者;②合并心、肝、腎等嚴重重要臟器疾病者;③合并凝血功能障礙者。
1.3 方法
1.3.1對照組 采用乳暈弧形切口切除手術(shù):患者取仰臥位,局部麻醉后經(jīng)乳暈外緣做弧形切口,然后依次切開皮膚、皮下組織,沿乳腺腺體表面鈍性分離隧道至乳腺腫塊表面,通過左手食指于隧道內(nèi)固定腫塊,采用小拉鉤將切口牽向腫塊,止血鉗鉗夾腫塊周圍正常組織作牽引,充分暴露腫塊,采用電刀完整切除腫塊,沖洗切口后常規(guī)縫合包扎。
1.3.2觀察組 采用安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù):術(shù)前超聲檢查確定腫塊位置,常規(guī)消毒鋪巾,超聲探頭探測病灶,局部麻醉后,依據(jù)病灶位置選擇穿刺點(乳暈下緣或乳房下緣、外側(cè)緣),采用尖刀頭在預(yù)穿刺點做0.4 cm切口,置入安珂旋切刀至病灶深面,打開旋切窗,通過超聲進行實時監(jiān)測,旋切抽吸病灶,病灶完全切除后抽吸局部積血,超聲確認清除干凈后沖洗切口,覆蓋無菌布,彈性加壓包扎。
1.4 觀察指標
1.4.1評估兩組治療效果 顯效:乳房外觀較理想;有效:乳房外觀存在輕微不對稱;無效:未達到上述標準[10]??傆行?(顯效+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.4.2記錄兩組臨床手術(shù)指標 記錄兩組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時間、切口愈合時間。
1.4.3評估兩組乳房外觀美觀度 包括乳房形態(tài)、切口瘢痕、色素沉著、乳頭乳暈感覺,每個條目采用4級評分法(0~3分),評分越高表示乳房美觀度越高[11]。
1.4.4評估兩組焦慮評分 采用廣泛性焦慮自評量表(GAD-7)評估,總分0~80分,評分越高表示患者焦慮情緒越嚴重[12]。
1.4.5記錄兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況 主要記錄感染、血腫、皮瓣壞死、畸形發(fā)生情況。
2.1 兩組治療效果比較 觀察組治療總有效率高于對照組(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組臨床手術(shù)指標比較 觀察組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時間、切口愈合時間均優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組乳房外觀美觀度比較 觀察組乳房形態(tài)、乳頭乳暈感覺、切口瘢痕、色素沉著評分均高于對照組(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 兩組焦慮評分比較 觀察組GAD-7評分為(43.01±1.34)分,低于對照組的(50.01±1.56)分,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=12.038,P=0.000)。
2.5 兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較 觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于對照組(P<0.05),見表4。
隨著生活水平和生活方式的變化,乳腺疾病發(fā)病率逐年升高,且趨于年輕化[13]。因此,臨床對乳腺良性腫瘤的治療備受關(guān)注,年輕患者對乳房美觀需求較高,對臨床治療技術(shù)提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。安珂乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)是-種新型治療手術(shù)方式,切口相對小,且可通過一個切口實現(xiàn)切除多個腫瘤,在臨床應(yīng)用的可行性普遍被認可[14,15]。但該術(shù)式對乳房仍存在一定程度的損傷,與乳暈弧形切口術(shù)對乳房外觀美觀度及心理焦慮方面的影響存在差異,具體效果還需要臨床通過大樣本、多中心研究證實[16]。