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右美托咪定在小兒腹股溝疝手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果及對(duì)氧化應(yīng)激及血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響

2024-01-16 07:19劉小琴
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新 2023年34期
關(guān)鍵詞:血流動(dòng)力學(xué)右美托咪定不良反應(yīng)

【摘要】 目的:探討右美托咪定在小兒腹股溝疝手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果及對(duì)氧化應(yīng)激及血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響。方法:選取2021年1月—2022年1月于鐘祥市中醫(yī)院行腹股溝疝手術(shù)的患兒108例,應(yīng)用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為觀察組(54例)及對(duì)照組(54例)。對(duì)照組術(shù)中麻醉誘導(dǎo)后接受0.9%氯化鈉注射液靜脈泵注,觀察組麻醉誘導(dǎo)后接受右美托咪定靜脈泵注,對(duì)比兩組麻醉前(T0)、建立氣腹后(T1)、手術(shù)20 min后(T2)及拔管后(T3)4個(gè)不同時(shí)段的收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)、心率(HR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分,記錄兩組治療期間不良反應(yīng)情況。結(jié)果:T0時(shí)兩組SBP、DBP及HR比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);T1、T2、T3時(shí),觀察組上述指標(biāo)均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。T0時(shí)兩組SOD及MDA比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);T1、T2、T3時(shí),觀察組上述指標(biāo)均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。T0時(shí)兩組Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);T1、T2、T3時(shí),觀察組Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率(3.70%)低于對(duì)照組(14.81%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:右美托咪定可維持腹股溝疝手術(shù)患兒血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定,減輕氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),鎮(zhèn)靜效果優(yōu)異,不良反應(yīng)少,安全性高。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 右美托咪定 腹股溝疝手術(shù) 兒童 血流動(dòng)力學(xué) 氧化應(yīng)激 不良反應(yīng)

Application Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Surgery and Its Effects of Oxidative Stress and Hemodynamics/LIU Xiaoqin. //Medical Innovation of China, 2023, 20(34): 0-049

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of Dexmedetomidine in pediatric inguinal hernia surgery and its effects of oxidative stress and hemodynamics. Method: A total of 108 children who underwent inguinal hernia surgery in Zhongxiang TCM Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into the observation group (54 cases) and the control group (54 cases) according to the random number table method. The control group received intravenous infusion of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection after anesthesia induction during the surgery, and the observation group received intravenous infusion of Dexmedetomidine after anesthesia induction. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ramsay sedation scores of the two groups were compared before anesthesia (T0), after pneumoperitoneum establishment (T1), 20 minutes after surgery (T2) and after extubation (T3), the adverse reactions of the two groups during treatment were recorded. Result: The differences in SBP, DBP and HR between the two groups at T0were not statistically significant (P>0.05); at T1, T2and T3, the above indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in SOD and MDA between the two groups at T0(P>0.05); at T1, T2and T3, the above indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in Ramsay sedation score at T0was not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05); at T1, T2and T3, the Ramsay sedation scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (3.70%) was lower than that in the control group (14.81%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can maintain the hemodynamics stability of children with inguinal hernia surgery, reduce oxidative stress, calm good effect, less adverse reactions and high safety.

[Key words] Dexmedetomidine Inguinal hernia surgery Children Hemodynamics Oxidative stress Adverse reactions

First-author's address: Zhongxiang TCM Hospital, Hubei Province, Zhongxiang 431900, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.34.010

腹股溝疝為兒科常見疾病,患兒常接受手術(shù)治療,效果優(yōu)異。但手術(shù)本質(zhì)上為一種創(chuàng)傷性的治療方法,患兒圍手術(shù)期因恐懼、不安等負(fù)性情緒及疼痛的影響,極易出現(xiàn)應(yīng)激反應(yīng),因此對(duì)麻醉管理提出了更高的要求[1-2]。右美托咪定是一種腎上腺素α2受體激動(dòng)劑,具有高選擇性,是目前臨床優(yōu)良的鎮(zhèn)痛鎮(zhèn)靜藥物[3-4]。本研究將探討右美托咪定在小兒腹股溝疝手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取2021年3月—2022年3月于鐘祥市中醫(yī)院行腹股溝疝手術(shù)的患兒108例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)確診為腹股溝疝且具有手術(shù)指征[5];(2)美國麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)(ASA)分級(jí)Ⅰ、Ⅱ級(jí)[6];(3)近期無上呼吸道感染史;(4)臨床資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并心、肝、腎等臟器功能不全;(2)合并血液系統(tǒng)疾??;(3)有鎮(zhèn)痛、鎮(zhèn)靜藥物依賴;(4)合并精神意識(shí)障礙。應(yīng)用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患兒分為觀察組(54例)及對(duì)照組(54例),研究經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核通過,患兒家屬均簽訂知情同意書。

1.2 方法

兩組患兒進(jìn)入手術(shù)室后常規(guī)生命體征監(jiān)測(cè),均進(jìn)行麻醉誘導(dǎo),使用硫酸阿托品注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:天津金耀藥業(yè)有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字H12020383,規(guī)格:1 mL︰1 mg)0.3 mg肌肉注射,面罩給氧,丙泊酚中/長鏈脂肪乳注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:北京費(fèi)森尤斯卡比醫(yī)藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字J20160089,規(guī)格:20 mL︰0.2 g)靜脈注射,注射劑量為2.5 mg/kg;枸櫞酸舒芬太尼注射液[生產(chǎn)廠家:宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字H20054171,規(guī)格:1 mL︰50 μg(按C22H30N2O2S計(jì))]靜脈注射,注射劑量0.4 ?g/kg;羅庫溴銨注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:浙江仙琚制藥股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字H20093186,規(guī)格:5 mL︰50 mg)靜脈注射,注射劑量為0.6 mg/kg。

對(duì)照組靜脈泵注氯化鈉注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:黑龍江科倫制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字H23020502,規(guī)格:250 mL︰2.25 g),劑量為0.25 mL/kg,持續(xù)泵注15 min后,以0.25 mL/(kg·h)的速度連續(xù)輸注直至術(shù)畢。觀察組靜脈泵注鹽酸右美托咪定注射液[生產(chǎn)廠家:江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字H20090248,規(guī)格:2 mL︰200 ?g(按右美托咪定計(jì))],劑量為1.0 ?g/kg,持續(xù)泵注15 min后,以1.0 ?g/(kg·h)的速度連續(xù)輸注至術(shù)畢。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

于麻醉前(T0)、建立氣腹后(T1)、手術(shù)20 min后(T2)及拔管后(T3)4個(gè)不同時(shí)段記錄兩組血流動(dòng)力學(xué)、氧化應(yīng)激指標(biāo)和Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分及術(shù)中不良反應(yīng)。(1)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)。包括收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)及心率(HR)。(2)氧化應(yīng)激指標(biāo)。使用采用黃嘌呤氧化酶法測(cè)定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,采用硫代巴比妥酸法測(cè)定血清丙二醛(MDA)水平。(3)Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分。使用該評(píng)分評(píng)估兩組鎮(zhèn)靜情況,評(píng)分范圍1~5分,評(píng)分越高,鎮(zhèn)靜程度越高。(4)不良反應(yīng)。術(shù)中觀察兩組不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生情況,計(jì)算不良反應(yīng)總發(fā)生率。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組一般資料比較

兩組一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。

2.2 兩組SBP、DBP及HR比較

兩組T0時(shí)SBP、DBP及HR相較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);T1、T2、T3時(shí),兩組SBP、DBP及HR水平均出現(xiàn)波動(dòng),觀察組不同時(shí)間的SBP、DBP和HR均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。

2.3 兩組SOD及MDA比較

兩組T0時(shí)SOD及MDA水平相較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),T1、T2、T3時(shí),兩組SOD及MDA水平均出現(xiàn)波動(dòng),觀察組不同時(shí)間的SOD及MDA均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

2.4 兩組Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分比較

兩組T0時(shí)Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分相較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);T1、T2、T3時(shí),觀察組均評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表4。

2.5 兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較

觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.967,P=0.046),見表5。

3 討論

腹股溝疝手術(shù)為兒科常見術(shù)式,小兒身體機(jī)能發(fā)育未全,整體耐受能力較低,而腹股溝疝手術(shù)具有一定創(chuàng)傷性,會(huì)引起患兒機(jī)體血流動(dòng)力學(xué)波動(dòng)及氧化應(yīng)激損傷,患兒的恐懼等負(fù)性情緒可加重機(jī)體應(yīng)激,對(duì)手術(shù)的順利進(jìn)行及預(yù)后恢復(fù)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響[7-8]。因此,小兒腹股溝疝手術(shù)對(duì)麻醉技術(shù)要求較高。右美托咪定是一種短期鎮(zhèn)靜藥物,其進(jìn)入人體后,對(duì)位于交感神經(jīng)末梢的突觸前α受體具有顯著的激活作用,可促使中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)興奮度顯著降低,且對(duì)呼吸抑制較輕微,可發(fā)揮良好的鎮(zhèn)靜及鎮(zhèn)痛作用[9-12]。本研究顯示,觀察組的Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,可見右美托咪定優(yōu)良的鎮(zhèn)靜效果。

血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的穩(wěn)定程度是判斷麻醉效果的重要指標(biāo)[13]。本研究顯示,觀察組SBP、DBP及HR均低于對(duì)照組,提示右美托咪定可促進(jìn)腹股溝疝手術(shù)患兒的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)保持穩(wěn)定。腎上腺素α2能受體廣泛分布于腦血管中[14],右美托咪定進(jìn)入人體后,可促進(jìn)血管平滑肌的收縮,減少腦血流量,維持顱內(nèi)的穩(wěn)態(tài)平衡,從而使得維持血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的穩(wěn)定[15-16]

氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)是當(dāng)機(jī)體受到刺激時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的全身性、非特異性反應(yīng)。當(dāng)患兒出現(xiàn)氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)時(shí),機(jī)體可產(chǎn)生大量氧自由基與細(xì)胞膜上的不飽和脂肪酸相互作用,形成脂質(zhì)過氧化物,對(duì)細(xì)胞造成損傷[17]。脂質(zhì)過氧化物易降解為MDA,該物質(zhì)大量進(jìn)入血液后,會(huì)給遠(yuǎn)隔器官造成損傷。SOD是抗氧化酶體系中重要的活性物質(zhì),對(duì)氧自由基可發(fā)揮有效的清除作用[18-19]。當(dāng)機(jī)體發(fā)生氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)時(shí),MDA大量產(chǎn)生而SOD被大量消耗。本文研究顯示,T0時(shí)兩組SOD及MDA水平無顯著差異,T1及T2SOD持續(xù)下降,MDA持續(xù)上升,提示患兒機(jī)體逐漸出現(xiàn)氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng);由T2到T3,兩組SOD上升且MDA下降,提示患兒機(jī)體氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)逐漸消退,觀察組均低于對(duì)照組,可見右美托咪定可有效減輕氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)??紤]原因,右美托咪定可阻斷刺激信號(hào)向大腦的傳遞路徑,減少肽類物質(zhì)的釋放,從而減輕機(jī)體氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)[20]。

本研究顯示,觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,提示右美托咪定具有較高的安全性。本文中右美托咪定給藥方式為靜脈泵注,臨床研究顯示,滴鼻給藥對(duì)鼻黏膜不具有刺激性,可以產(chǎn)生相似于正常睡眠的鎮(zhèn)靜催眠效果,可對(duì)患兒的術(shù)前焦慮躁動(dòng)予以顯著緩解,有助于緩解患兒的不良心理情緒,效果更優(yōu)良[21]。本文后期將延長病例選取時(shí)間、增加病例數(shù)、改善給藥方式,進(jìn)一步深入分析右美托咪定在腹股溝手術(shù)患兒中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

綜上所述,右美托咪定可維持腹股溝疝手術(shù)患兒血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定,減輕氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),鎮(zhèn)靜效果優(yōu)異,不良反應(yīng)少,安全性高。

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(收稿日期:2023-04-03) (本文編輯:郝天煜)

*基金項(xiàng)目:湖北省衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(20197523)

①湖北省鐘祥市中醫(yī)院 湖北 鐘祥 431900

通信作者:劉小琴

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