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抗枯萎病中稈香蕉新品種桂蕉8號(hào)的選育

2023-11-21 05:09:57周維韋紹龍韋莉萍韋弟李朝生覃柳燕田丹丹李佳林何章飛黃素梅
果樹(shù)學(xué)報(bào) 2023年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:香蕉新品種

周維 韋紹龍 韋莉萍 韋弟 李朝生 覃柳燕 田丹丹 李佳林 何章飛 黃素梅

摘? ? 要:桂蕉8號(hào)香蕉(AAA Cavendish)是從引進(jìn)香蕉品系GCTCV-217-1不定芽通過(guò)60Co-γ輻射誘變,再經(jīng)病原菌高壓篩選選育而成。桂蕉8號(hào)新植蕉株高為252.7 cm,葉柄長(zhǎng)度約32.4 cm,假莖中圍、基圍分別為45.3 cm、66.4 cm。假莖底色為深綠色。葉姿直立,雄花蕾形狀為卵圓形。果穗呈長(zhǎng)圓柱形,把間距稍短,果把緊湊。常規(guī)種植條件下,新植蕉平均株產(chǎn)可達(dá)21.5 kg,宿根蕉平均株產(chǎn)可達(dá)23.9 kg,生果皮顏色為綠色,熟果皮顏色為金黃色,果肉顏色為黃白色。果實(shí)可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)為20.10%,可溶性總糖含量為19.42%,總酸含量為0.26 g·100 g-1,淀粉含量為1.05 g·100 g-1,維生素C含量為11.0 mg·100 g-1,蔗糖含量為4.80 g·100 g-1,鉀含量為332.00 mg·100 g-1。盆栽及大田抗枯萎病試驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià),桂蕉8號(hào)均表現(xiàn)為高抗。

關(guān)鍵詞:香蕉;新品種;桂蕉8號(hào);中稈;抗枯萎病

中圖分類號(hào):S668.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1009-9980(2023)11-2494-06

Breeding report of a new midstem banana cultivar Guijiao No. 8 resistant to Fusarium wilt disease

ZHOU Wei, WEI Shaolong*, WEI Liping, WEI Di, LI Chaosheng, QIN Liuyan, TIAN Dandan, LI Jialin, HE Zhangfei, HUANG Sumei*

(Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Banana Branch of National Improvement Center for Tropical Fruit Variety/National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Improvement and Cultivation of Banana Varieties (Guangxi), Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China)

Abstract: The Guijiao No. 8 (AAA Cavendish) is a new banana cultivar selected from the adventitious buds of GCTCV-217-1 (AAA Cavendish) through 60 Co-γ radiation induced mutation and pathogen high-pressure screening. The new banana variety with medium stem resistance to Fusarium wilt was developed in 2022. Using the adventitious buds of introduced strain as the materials, fifteen strains were selected by 60Co-γ radiation for disease resistance pressure screening. For three consecutive years of experimental planting, six plant lines with excellent horticultural traits and disease resistance were observed. Based on the evaluation of the disease resistance in indoor tissue culture plantlets, one of the plant lines was selected in 2018, and excellent individual plants were selected through multiple site trials from 2019 to 2021.The newly planted banana Guijiao No. 8 had a plant height of 252.7 cm, a petiole length of about 32.4 cm, and a middle circumference and basal circumference of 45.3 cm and 66.4 cm, respectively. The bottom color of pseudostem was dark green. The leaves were upright and the male flower buds were oval in shape. The ear of the fruit was in a long cylindrical shape, with slightly shorter spacing between the stems and compact stems. Under conventional planting conditions, the average yield of newly planted bananas could reach 21.5 kg per plant, while the average yield of perennial bananas could reach 23.9 kg per plant. The color of the fruit skin was medium green, the color of the ripe fruit skin was golden yellow, and the color of the fruit flesh was yellow white. The soluble solid content of the fruit was 20.10%, the total soluble sugar content was 19.42%, the total acid content was 0.26 g·100 g-1, the starch content was 1.05 g·100 g-1, the vitamin C content was 11.00 mg·100 g-1, the sucrose content was 4.80 g·100 g-1, and the potassium content was 332.00 mg·100 g-1. The growth period was 365 to 380 days. It could be planted in winter in Guangxi (October November) and harvested in November of the following year. Spring planting should be accomplished before mid to late February to avoid the impact of cold damage and harvesting can be done from January to February of the following year. The resistance to Fusarium wilt disease was evaluated through the pot and field experiments, and Guijiao No. 8 showed high resistance. The variety had been successfully planted in the main banana producing areas of Guangxi, such as Nanning, Yulin, Chongzuo, Beihai, and Baise, which could be suitable for planting in the tropical and subtropical regions such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and Yunnan in China. The density of planting of 110 to 130 plants per mu should be recommended.

Key words: Banana; New cultivar; Guijiao No. 8; Medium stem; Resistance to Fusarium wilt

收稿日期:2023-05-05 接受日期:2023-08-23

基金項(xiàng)目:廣西創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展專項(xiàng)(桂科AA20302016);廣西科技重大專項(xiàng)(桂科AA22036003-2);現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系廣西香蕉創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(nycytxgxcxtd-16-01);廣西農(nóng)科院科技發(fā)展基金項(xiàng)目(桂農(nóng)科2022JM01);廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院基本科研業(yè)務(wù)專項(xiàng)(桂農(nóng)科 2021YT085)

作者簡(jiǎn)介:周維,男,副研究員,碩士,主要從事香蕉抗病育種及枯萎病防控研究工作。Tel:0771-3243484,E-mail:49946343@qq.com

*通信作者Author for correspondence. 黃素梅,Tel:0771-3249985,E-mail:857399797@qq.com;韋紹龍,Tel:0771-3249985,E-mail:weishaolong@gxaas.net

香蕉是世界上僅次于水稻、小麥、玉米的第四大糧食作物,也是世界水果貿(mào)易量最大的鮮果[1]。全球香蕉栽種地分布在南北緯度30 ℃以內(nèi)的熱帶、亞熱帶地區(qū),世界上栽種香蕉的國(guó)家有130多個(gè),主要集中在亞洲、非洲和南美洲。在我國(guó),香蕉主要產(chǎn)區(qū)分布在廣東、廣西、云南、海南和福建等省份。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織2020年統(tǒng)計(jì),全球香蕉收獲面積達(dá)520.35萬(wàn)hm2,產(chǎn)量達(dá)11 983.37萬(wàn)t[1]。據(jù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),2022年我國(guó)香蕉種植面積達(dá)33.67萬(wàn)hm2,產(chǎn)量達(dá)1 177.68萬(wàn)t。香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢鐮刀菌古巴?;停‵usarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,簡(jiǎn)稱Foc4號(hào)生理小種)浸染引起的,是香蕉病害中危害最為嚴(yán)重的一種毀滅性土傳病害,具有發(fā)病迅速、蔓延快、危害嚴(yán)重、危害范圍廣等特點(diǎn)。香蕉枯萎病于1874年在澳大利亞首次被發(fā)現(xiàn);1910年在巴拿馬暴發(fā),導(dǎo)致大面積的蕉園因感染香蕉枯萎病而被摧毀;曾造成世界第二大香蕉生產(chǎn)國(guó)烏干達(dá)香蕉產(chǎn)量下降40%,第四大香蕉生產(chǎn)國(guó)巴西香蕉產(chǎn)量減少約70%。1996年,在我國(guó)廣東番禺萬(wàn)頃沙鎮(zhèn)民建村首次發(fā)現(xiàn)該病,之后迅速蔓延擴(kuò)展,導(dǎo)致發(fā)病最早的廣東、海南香蕉種植面積銳減,大面積蕉園廢棄或改種,香蕉產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷萎縮。2006年在廣西發(fā)現(xiàn)該病,2008年傳入云南,之后幾年不斷蔓延,目前廣西、云南香蕉產(chǎn)區(qū)枯萎病大暴發(fā),許多蕉園失收、荒廢或改種其他作物。廣西香蕉種植面積已由高峰時(shí)期的12萬(wàn)hm2銳減到4.67萬(wàn)hm2,枯萎病已經(jīng)成為廣西乃至全世界香蕉產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的最大威脅[2]。

香蕉枯萎病雖然可以通過(guò)農(nóng)藝措施、化學(xué)防治、生物防治等途徑進(jìn)行一定程度的防治,但至今尚未研制出高效、徹底的防治方法,選育抗枯萎病品種被認(rèn)為是最有效的防控途徑之一。目前我國(guó)選育的抗枯萎病香芽蕉(Musa AAA Cavendish)品種主要有臺(tái)灣GCTCV品系、桂蕉9號(hào)、南天黃、寶島蕉、中蕉系列、熱科系列、粵科系列、中熱系列品種等;抗枯萎病粉蕉(Musa ABB Pisang Awak)主要有粉雜1號(hào)[3];抗枯萎病貢蕉(Musa acuminata,AA)主要有海貢、佳麗蕉[4]等。目前我國(guó)大面積推廣種植的是香芽蕉品種,但廣西、云南兩地產(chǎn)區(qū)易發(fā)生寒害,因此推廣應(yīng)用多為短生育期的中抗品種,高抗性的品種相較于主栽品種存在果實(shí)產(chǎn)量、果指梳形等經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀差以及生育期長(zhǎng)的缺陷,遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)用的要求。另外這些品種植株高度普遍較高,易受臺(tái)風(fēng)等自然災(zāi)害影響,且導(dǎo)致收蕉難等人工成本增加的問(wèn)題。因此,選育出適宜在廣西產(chǎn)區(qū)種植、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀好、高度適中、生育期接近主栽品種的高抗枯萎病香蕉新品種是產(chǎn)業(yè)急需。在此背景下,筆者研究團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)引入臺(tái)灣省GCTCV-217-1矮稈抗枯萎病香蕉品系,經(jīng)輻射誘變、大田壓力篩選等方法,選育出高抗香蕉枯萎病、中稈優(yōu)質(zhì)香蕉新品種桂蕉8號(hào),供生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)用。

1 選育經(jīng)過(guò)

GCTCV-217-1是從北蕉篩選獲得的矮稈香牙蕉(AAA Cavendish)的優(yōu)良品系,其株高1.80~2.10 m;假莖粗壯,果皮堅(jiān)韌,耐貯運(yùn);耐瘦瘠,抗寒性較強(qiáng),較抗倒伏,中抗枯萎病,抗葉斑病;生育期9~11個(gè)月。2013年,廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院生物技術(shù)研究所引進(jìn)臺(tái)灣省GCTCV-217-1抗枯萎病香蕉品系,以其不定芽為材料,經(jīng)60Co-γ輻射,輻射強(qiáng)度為40 Gy,選出15個(gè)株系進(jìn)行抗病壓力篩選。2014—2016年,將輻射誘變株系在廣西桂潔公司(武鳴)重病區(qū)蕉園連續(xù)試驗(yàn)種植3 a(年),觀察并篩選株高、產(chǎn)量等園藝性狀優(yōu)、抗病性強(qiáng)的株系,收集到6個(gè)單株并進(jìn)行組培擴(kuò)繁。2017年,用1.2×106 Foc4孢子懸浮液接種組培杯苗,進(jìn)行香蕉枯萎病抗性評(píng)價(jià),篩選獲得枯萎病抗性較強(qiáng)的2個(gè)單株。2018年,分別將這2個(gè)單株的組培苗(田間代號(hào)分別為T3-3、T3-4)在廣西百色田陽(yáng)鎮(zhèn)、玉林興業(yè)縣葵陽(yáng)鎮(zhèn)及廣西南寧的武鳴縣寧武鎮(zhèn)、壇洛鎮(zhèn)等地的香蕉枯萎病區(qū)或重病蕉園進(jìn)行種植試驗(yàn),并以常規(guī)感病品種桂蕉6號(hào)、巴西蕉等作為對(duì)照品種,發(fā)現(xiàn)T3-3株系田間抗病性表現(xiàn)最強(qiáng),園藝性狀及果實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀最優(yōu)。2019—2021年,對(duì)T3-3株系開(kāi)展多年多點(diǎn)品種比較試驗(yàn)、區(qū)域試驗(yàn)、生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn),結(jié)合組培杯苗香蕉枯萎病抗性評(píng)價(jià),決選出枯萎病抗性強(qiáng),產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)等綜合性狀表現(xiàn)優(yōu)良,株高適宜且具有良好遺傳穩(wěn)定性的優(yōu)良單株T3-3-3。采用ISSR分子標(biāo)記進(jìn)行鑒定(引物為UBC814),發(fā)現(xiàn)在1500~2000 bp間其遺傳背景與親本GCTCV-217-1品系存在一定差異(圖1)。2021年,將該單株定名為桂蕉8號(hào)(圖2)。與親本GCTCV-217-1品系相比,桂蕉8號(hào)抗病性等級(jí)為高抗,產(chǎn)量及生產(chǎn)園藝性狀都優(yōu)于原品系(圖3)。2022年桂蕉8號(hào)獲得國(guó)家植物新品種權(quán)(CNA20211000785)。

2 主要性狀

2.1 植物學(xué)特征

與親本GCTCV-217-1品系相比(表1),桂蕉8號(hào)屬于中稈品種,新植蕉田間假莖高度約252.7 cm,親本約180.2 cm,比親本高40.2%。葉柄長(zhǎng)度約32.4 cm,親本約28.0 cm,比親本長(zhǎng)15.7%。葉片長(zhǎng)度約198.5 cm,寬度為90.5 cm,長(zhǎng)寬比為2.2,葉片較親本長(zhǎng)且寬。葉距較親本疏,親本葉距密。假莖中圍、基圍分別為45.3 cm、66.4 cm。假莖底色為深綠色,花青苷顯色中等。基部葉鞘內(nèi)側(cè)表面呈紫紅色。葉姿直立,葉柄邊緣為紅色,葉背有蠟粉,中脈為綠色。雄花蕾形狀為卵圓形。桂蕉8號(hào)2代宿根植株假莖高度可達(dá)291.8 cm,假莖中圍、基圍分別為46.5 cm、68.6 cm。葉柄長(zhǎng)34.7 cm,葉片長(zhǎng)度為222.8 cm,葉片寬度為88.6 cm。

2.2 主要經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)特性

桂蕉8號(hào)果穗呈長(zhǎng)圓柱形,把間距稍短,果把緊湊。果穗長(zhǎng)度適中,約76.18 cm,果穗寬度約35.10 cm,果梳數(shù)為10.45個(gè)。果指長(zhǎng)度約20.77 cm,果指寬度約2.91 cm,果指形狀均勻彎曲,果指先端鈍尖(圖2)。在常規(guī)種植條件下,新植蕉平均株產(chǎn)可達(dá)21.5 kg,宿根蕉平均株產(chǎn)可達(dá)23.9 kg,生果皮顏色為綠色,熟果皮顏色為金黃色,果肉顏色為黃白色。果實(shí)可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)為20.10%,可溶性總糖含量為19.42%,總酸含量為0.26 g·100 g-1,淀粉含量為1.05 g·100 g-1,維生素C含量為11.0 mg·100 g-1,蔗糖含量為4.80 g·100 g-1,鉀含量為332.00 mg·100 g-1(表2),與親本對(duì)照相比,桂蕉8號(hào)果實(shí)可溶性固形物、鉀、維生素C、總酸、可溶性糖含量均有所提高,特別是維生素C含量提高近1倍,蔗糖與淀粉含量比對(duì)照親本略有降低。

2.3 生物學(xué)特性及適應(yīng)性

桂蕉8號(hào)在廣西產(chǎn)區(qū)宜選擇冬季(10—11月)種植6~8片葉齡營(yíng)養(yǎng)杯苗,采取蓋膜避寒過(guò)冬,于翌年11月可收獲。春季種植最遲應(yīng)于當(dāng)年2月中下旬前完成定植,翌年1—2月可收獲,但廣西大部分產(chǎn)區(qū)冬季有寒害發(fā)生,不利于植株生長(zhǎng)。植株生長(zhǎng)葉片總數(shù)為38~40枚,生育期365~380 d,比親本GCTCV-217-1品系生育期長(zhǎng)30~40 d。桂蕉8號(hào)在南寧、玉林、崇左、北海、百色等廣西香蕉主產(chǎn)區(qū)均試種成功,抗葉斑病,抗風(fēng)性、抗寒性中等。莖干韌性強(qiáng),光溫條件好的區(qū)域更適合其生長(zhǎng),該品種生育期相比較桂蕉9號(hào)、寶島蕉等抗病品種稍長(zhǎng),植株莖干生物量小、易管理,適合在我國(guó)廣西、廣東、海南、云南等熱帶、亞熱帶地區(qū)種植。

2.4 枯萎病抗性

香蕉盆栽苗枯萎病抗病性評(píng)價(jià)參照李朝生等[5]、黃素梅等[6]的方法及苗期抗枯萎病評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。結(jié)果(表3)表明,桂蕉8號(hào)表現(xiàn)為高抗,親本GCTCV-217-1品系為中抗,對(duì)照品種桂蕉1號(hào)為高感。

香蕉田間枯萎病抗性評(píng)價(jià)參照黃素梅等[6]、黃秉智等[7]的方法及田間病害分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。結(jié)果(表4)表明,桂蕉8號(hào)田間抗病性評(píng)價(jià)表現(xiàn)為高抗,親本GCTCV-217-1品系表現(xiàn)為中抗,對(duì)照品種桂蕉1號(hào)為高感。田間評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果與苗期盆栽評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果一致。

3 栽培技術(shù)要點(diǎn)

3.1 建園和定植

選擇土質(zhì)疏松、排灌性好的蕉園,每666.7 m2種植110~130株,在光溫充足、水肥條件好區(qū)域,可每666.7 m2種植140~160株,寬窄行定植,株距1.6~2.0 m,窄行寬度為1.7~2.0 m,寬行寬度為3.0~5.0 m。若種植地塊為枯萎病發(fā)病程度低蕉園,可直接挖坑套種,若為重病蕉園,建議輪作其他作物1~2 a(年)后再種植該品種。新植蕉應(yīng)提早種植,廣西可8—10月秋冬植,覆蓋雙膜(地膜及天膜)越冬為佳,也可在2—3月份用大苗進(jìn)行春植;海南、廣東等地宜選擇在5—7月份種植。

3.2 施肥與病蟲(chóng)害防治

種植前施用堿性肥料(蔗渣灰)、土壤調(diào)節(jié)劑,使土壤pH調(diào)至6.0~6.5。每株施入5~7 kg有機(jī)肥或肥力相當(dāng)?shù)亩褲a腐熟農(nóng)家肥作為基肥,使土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量超過(guò)2.5%。每株施用1~2 kg防土傳病害的微生物肥,0.2~0.3 kg 15-15-15 復(fù)合肥、750~1000 g鈣鎂磷肥、500 g花生麩,結(jié)合施放利根砂或10%克線磷顆粒劑防治根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)等地下害蟲(chóng)的藥劑。定植后以有機(jī)肥為主,化肥為輔。加強(qiáng)對(duì)香蕉枯萎病、根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)的防控,全生育期防治象甲、蚜蟲(chóng)、紅蜘蛛、斜紋夜蛾、葉跳甲、卷葉蟲(chóng)、花薊馬等。

3.3 其他管理措施

做好果穗管理,主要包括:校蕾抹花墊把,斷蕾和疏果,果穗套袋等。果穗管理技術(shù)與常規(guī)品種相同。

參考文獻(xiàn) References:

[1] 鄒冬梅,范瓊. 世界香蕉生產(chǎn)、貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀與產(chǎn)業(yè)展望[J]. 廣東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2022,49(7):131-140.

ZOU Dongmei,F(xiàn)AN Qiong. Present situation of globle banana production and trade and prospect for banana industry[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2022,49(7):131-140.

[2] 周維,李佳林,黃素梅,覃柳燕,李朝生,田丹丹,龍盛風(fēng),黃曲燕,韋紹龍. 廣西香蕉枯萎病發(fā)生現(xiàn)狀及防控措施[J]. 福建農(nóng)業(yè)科技,2020(5):46-50.

ZHOU Wei,LI Jialin,HUANG Sumei,QIN Liuyan,LI Chao

sheng,TIAN Dandan,LONG Shengfeng,HUANG Quyan,WEI Shaolong. Occurrence status of banana wilt in Guangxi and its prevention and control measures[J]. Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology,2020(5):46-50.

[3] 吳元立,黃秉智,楊護(hù),許林兵,楊興玉,曾鴻運(yùn). 抗枯萎病優(yōu)質(zhì)特色香蕉新品種粉雜1號(hào)的選育[J]. 果樹(shù)學(xué)報(bào),2022,39(12):2450-2454.

WU Yuanli,HUANG Bingzhi,YANG Hu,XU Linbing,YANG Xingyu,ZENG Hongyun. Breeding of Fenza No. 1,a new high-quality and special banana variety with high resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2022,39(12):2450-2454.

[4] 楊興玉,肖維強(qiáng),許林兵,李華平,黃秉智. 高抗枯萎病香蕉新品種佳麗的選育[J]. 果樹(shù)學(xué)報(bào),2022,39(4):696-699.

YANG Xingyu,XIAO Weiqiang,XU Linbing,LI Huaping,HUANG Bingzhi. Breeding report of a new banana cultivar Jiali with high resistance to Fusarium wilt[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2022,39(4):696-699.

[5] 李朝生,霍秀娟,韋紹龍,韋弟,韋華芳,黃素梅. 5份香蕉種質(zhì)對(duì)枯萎病的抗性評(píng)價(jià)[J]. 南方農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào),2012,43(4):449-453.

LI Chaosheng,HUO Xiujuan,WEI Shaolong,WEI Di,WEI Huafang,HUANG Sumei. Evaluation of 5 banana varieties for resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense)[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture,2012,43(4):449-453.

[6] 黃素梅,韋莉萍,李朝生,覃柳燕,韋弟,田丹丹,龍盛風(fēng),何章飛,周維,韋紹龍. 5個(gè)抗枯萎病香蕉品種(系)在廣西蕉區(qū)的引種表現(xiàn)[J]. 西南農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào),2020,33(11):2530-2536.

HUANG Sumei,WEI Liping,LI Chaosheng,QIN Liuyan,WEI Di,TIAN Dandan,LONG Shengfeng,HE Zhangfei,ZHOU Wei,WEI Shaolong. Performance of five introduced banana varieties (lines) resistant to Fusarium wilt disease in Guangxi[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2020,33(11):2530-2536.

[7] 黃秉智,許林兵,楊護(hù),唐小浪,魏岳榮,邱繼水,李貫球. 香蕉種質(zhì)資源枯萎病抗性田間評(píng)價(jià)初報(bào)[J]. 廣東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2005,32(6):9-10.

HUANG Bingzhi,XU Linbing,YANG Hu,TANG Xiaolang,WEI Yuerong,QIU Jishui,LI Guanqiu. Prelimiary results of field evaluation of banana germplasm resistant to Fusarium wilt disease[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Science,2005,32(6):9-10.

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