羅娜 倪猛 刁云輝
摘要:目的 探討硫利達(dá)嗪(TDZ)對胰腺癌細(xì)胞SW1990增殖、凋亡的影響及其對LINC00470的調(diào)控作用。方法 用不同濃度(5、10、20 μmol/L)的TDZ處理人胰腺癌細(xì)胞SW1990,si-NC(si-NC組)、si-LINC00470(si-LINC00470組)轉(zhuǎn)染至SW1990細(xì)胞,分別將pcDNA(TDZ+pcDNA組)、pcDNA-LINC00470(TDZ+pcDNA-LINC00470組)轉(zhuǎn)染至SW1990細(xì)胞后加入TDZ處理細(xì)胞;MTT、平板克隆形成實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測細(xì)胞增殖及克隆形成能力;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡率;實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測LINC00470的表達(dá)量;Western blot檢測活化的胱天蛋白酶(cleaved-caspase)3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)果 與對照組比較,TDZ不同劑量組SW1990細(xì)胞增殖抑制率、凋亡率和cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白水平升高,細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù)減少,LINC00470的表達(dá)量降低(P<0.05)。與si-NC組比較,si-LINC00470組SW1990細(xì)胞增殖抑制率、凋亡率和cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白水平升高,細(xì)胞克隆形成減少(P<0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA-LINC00470可逆轉(zhuǎn)TDZ對SW1990細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡及克隆形成的作用。結(jié)論 TDZ可通過抑制LINC00470的表達(dá)而抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖、克隆形成及誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡。
關(guān)鍵詞:胰腺腫瘤;硫利達(dá)嗪;細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞凋亡;RNA,長鏈非編碼;LINC00470
中圖分類號:R735.9,R979.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:ADOI:10.11958/20220932
The effect of Thioridazine on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells
LUO Na NI Meng DIAO Yunhui
1 Department of Western Medicine, 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China
Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of thioridazine (TDZ) on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells SW1990 and its regulatory effect on LINC00470. Methods Different concentrations of TDZ (5, 10 and 20 μmol/L) were used to treat human pancreatic cancer cells SW1990. si-NC and si-LINC00470 were transfected into SW1990 cells (the si-NC group and the si-LINC00470 group). After transfecting pcDNA and pcDNA-LINC00470 into SW1990 cells, TDZ were added to treat cells (the TDZ+pcDNA group and the TDZ+pcDNA-LINC00470 group). MTT, plate clone formation test were used to detect cell proliferation and clone formation ability. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of LINC00470. Western blot assay was used to detect expression levels of activated aspartate specific cysteine protease (cleaved-caspase) 3 and cleaved-caspase9. Results Compared with the control group, the cell proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, cleaved-caspase3 and cleaved-caspase9 protein levels of SW1990 cells were increased, the number of cell clone formation was decreased, and the expression level of LINC00470 was decreased in the different dose TDZ groups (P<0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, the cell proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, cleaved-caspase3 and cleaved-caspase9 protein levels of SW1990 cells were increased in the si-LINC00470 group, and the cell clone formation was reduced (P<0.05). The transfection of pcDNA-LINC00470 could reverse the effect of TDZ on cell proliferation, apoptosis and colony formation of SW1990 cells. Conclusion TDZ can inhibit the proliferation, clone formation and induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of LINC00470.
Key words: pancreatic neoplasms; Thioridazine; cell proliferation; apoptosis; RNA, long noncoding; LINC00470
胰腺癌是一種消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病率與病死率較高。研究顯示,胰腺癌早期患者癥狀不明顯,大部分患者確診時(shí)已處于晚期,5年生存率較低[1]。由于缺乏有效的治療方式,大多數(shù)胰腺癌患者死于癌癥進(jìn)展,因此尋找安全有效且可抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖及轉(zhuǎn)移的藥物至關(guān)重要[2]。硫利達(dá)嗪(TDZ)屬于哌啶類衍生物,其在早期主要用于治療精神分裂等精神疾病,后來發(fā)現(xiàn)其亦有抗腫瘤作用,有望成為新型抗腫瘤藥物[3]。目前,有關(guān)TDZ與胰腺癌的相關(guān)研究報(bào)道較少。研究顯示,長鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)在腫瘤中異常表達(dá),其中LINC00470在胃癌組織和細(xì)胞中表達(dá)上調(diào),可促進(jìn)胃癌的發(fā)生及發(fā)展[4]。然而,鮮見LINC00470在胰腺癌中作用的相關(guān)研究。本研究旨在探討TDZ可否通過調(diào)控LINC00470表達(dá)而影響胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞的增殖及凋亡,以期為治療胰腺癌提供新的臨床靶向藥物。
1 材料與方法
1.1 主要材料與試劑 TDZ(純度≥98%)購自美國Sigma公司;人胰腺癌細(xì)胞SW1990購自上海通派生物科技有限公司;MTT試劑購自上海碧云天生物有限公司;凋亡檢測試劑盒、Lipofectamine2000購自北京索萊寶科技有限公司;si-NC、si-LINC00470購自廣州銳博生物技術(shù)有限公司;pcDNA3.1購自上海生工生物工程股份有限公司;pcDNA-LINC00470購自上海吉滿生物科技有限公司;Trizol試劑購自美國Invitrogen公司;逆轉(zhuǎn)錄與實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)試劑購自北京天根生化科技有限公司;兔抗人活化的胱天蛋白酶3(cleaved-caspase3)、活化的胱天蛋白酶9(cleaved-caspase9)抗體、內(nèi)參GAPDH抗體與二抗購自美國Cell Signaling Technology公司。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組 按照4×103個(gè)/孔將SW1990細(xì)胞接種于96孔板,分別加入含有5 μmol/L(TDZ低劑量組)、10 μmol/L(TDZ中劑量組)、20 μmol/L(TDZ高劑量組)TDZ的培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)24 h[5]。將未經(jīng)處理的SW1990細(xì)胞置于DMEM完全培養(yǎng)基內(nèi)培養(yǎng)24 h(對照組)。用脂質(zhì)體Lipofectamine2000分別將si-NC(si-NC組)、si-LINC00470(si-LINC00470組)轉(zhuǎn)染至SW1990細(xì)胞。分別將pcDNA(TDZ+pcDNA組)、pcDNA-LINC00470(TDZ+pcDNA-LINC00470組)轉(zhuǎn)染至SW1990細(xì)胞后,加入含有20 μmol/L TDZ的培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)24 h。
1.2.2 MTT法檢測細(xì)胞增殖抑制率 取1.2.1各組SW1990細(xì)胞,按照每孔3 000個(gè)細(xì)胞的密度接種于96孔板,每孔加入MTT溶液20 μL,培養(yǎng)4 h后棄培養(yǎng)液,每孔加入150 μL DMSO,室溫避光孵育10 min后用酶標(biāo)儀檢測各孔450 nm波長處光密度(OD)值,并計(jì)算細(xì)胞增殖抑制率。增殖抑制率=(1-實(shí)驗(yàn)組OD值/對照組OD值)×100%。每次設(shè)置3個(gè)復(fù)孔,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.3 平板克隆形成實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù) 取1.2.1每組SW1990細(xì)胞(1×103個(gè)/孔)接種于6孔板,培養(yǎng)36 h后收集細(xì)胞并用磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)洗滌,加入含有體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%的胎牛血清且不含抗生素的培養(yǎng)液,將細(xì)胞接種于12孔板(100個(gè)/孔),于培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)2周。用4%多聚甲醛固定10 min,0.5%結(jié)晶紫染色1 min,顯微鏡下計(jì)數(shù)每個(gè)視野各孔的細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù)。每次設(shè)置3個(gè)復(fù)孔,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.4 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡率 取1.2.1中處理后的各組SW1990細(xì)胞,加入500 μL Binding Buffer重懸細(xì)胞后加入5 μL膜聯(lián)蛋白V-異硫氰酸熒光素(Annexin V-FITC),充分混勻后加入5 μL碘化丙啶(PI),室溫避光孵育10 min后用FACS Calibur流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡率。每次設(shè)置3個(gè)復(fù)孔,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.5 qRT-PCR檢測LINC00470相對表達(dá)水平 用Trizol試劑提取1.2.1中每組SW1990細(xì)胞總RNA,按照試劑盒說明書操作,用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒將RNA合成cDNA。以cDNA為模板配置qRT-PCR反應(yīng)體系:cDNA 4 ?L,上下游引物各0.4 ?L,SYRB Mix 10 ?L,ddH2O 5.2 ?L,共20 ?L。用ABI StepOnePlus熒光定量PCR儀進(jìn)行qRT-PCR擴(kuò)增。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃ 60 s;95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 15 s,40個(gè)循環(huán)。采用2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算LINC00470相對表達(dá)水平。引物序列依據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[6]設(shè)計(jì),LINC00470:上游5′-AGACACAGCCTCTACTGTACT-3′,下游5′-CCTCGTCACCTTACGTCAATAC-3′;β-actin:上游5′-GGGACCTGACTGACTACCTC-3′,下游5′-AGGGAGGAGCTGGAAGCAG-3′。每次設(shè)置3個(gè)復(fù)孔,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.6 Western blot檢測cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白表達(dá) 將1.2.1中每組SW1990細(xì)胞充分裂解后離心吸取上清液,提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,蛋白與上樣緩沖液充分混合后加熱,促使蛋白變性,依次用5%濃縮膠和10%分離膠進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE。轉(zhuǎn)膜后用5%脫脂牛奶阻斷膜,加入cleaved-caspase3(1∶1 000)、cleaved-caspase9(1∶1 000)、GAPDH(1∶3 000)一抗孵育過夜,清洗后加入二抗(1∶5 000)孵育1 h,用ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑盒檢測蛋白,用凝膠系統(tǒng)全自動化學(xué)發(fā)光成像儀分析結(jié)果。每次設(shè)置3個(gè)復(fù)孔,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 21.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,2組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用SNK-q檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 TDZ對胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞增殖的影響 與對照組比較,TDZ低、中、高劑量組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率依次升高,細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù)依次降低(P<0.05),見圖1、表1。
2.2 TDZ對胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞凋亡的影響 與對照組比較,TDZ低、中、高劑量組細(xì)胞凋亡率和cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白表達(dá)水平依次升高(P<0.05),見圖2、3,表2。
2.3 TDZ對胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞LINC00470表達(dá)的影響 對照組、TDZ低劑量組、TDZ中劑量組、TDZ高劑量組LINC00470相對表達(dá)水平分別為(1.00±0.00)、(0.79±0.05)、(0.59±0.05)、(0.42±0.04)。與對照組比較,TDZ低、中、高劑量組LINC00470的表達(dá)量依次降低(n=9,F(xiàn)=342.909,P<0.05)。
2.4 干擾LINC00470表達(dá)對胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響 與si-NC組比較,si-LINC00470組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率升高,細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù)減少,凋亡率和cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白相對表達(dá)水平升高(P<0.05),見圖4、5,表4。
2.5 LINC00470過表達(dá)對胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的作用 與TDZ+pcDNA組比較,TDZ+pcDNA-LINC00470組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率降低,細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù)增多,凋亡率和cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白表達(dá)水平降低(P<0.05),見圖6、7,表5。
3 討論
TDZ影響多種癌細(xì)胞的增殖和凋亡。研究顯示,TDZ可抑制乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖并促進(jìn)其凋亡[7]。TDZ可通過調(diào)控腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡,從而增強(qiáng)肺癌和卵巢癌細(xì)胞的順鉑敏感性[8]。TDZ可抑制鼻咽癌細(xì)胞增殖[9]。本研究結(jié)果亦顯示,低、中、高劑量TDZ均可抑制胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞增殖,并降低胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù),尤其是TDZ高劑量具有抗胰腺癌增殖的作用。癌細(xì)胞的異常凋亡會激活體內(nèi)線粒體途徑,使caspase3、caspase9活化為cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9,加速癌細(xì)胞凋亡的發(fā)生[10-11]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,隨著TDZ濃度的不斷增加,胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞凋亡率及cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白表達(dá)水平均依次升高,表明不同劑量TDZ均能上調(diào)cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9表達(dá),并提高胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞凋亡率,尤其是高劑量組促凋亡作用更為明顯,但TDZ調(diào)控胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的分子機(jī)制仍需進(jìn)一步探究。
LncRNA是哺乳動物轉(zhuǎn)錄組的主要組成部分,其作為腫瘤治療潛在靶點(diǎn)的高效應(yīng)用已受到廣泛關(guān)注[12]。研究表明,LINC00470可通過調(diào)控miR-134/Myc分子軸而促進(jìn)神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲[13]。LINC00470在肝細(xì)胞癌中呈高表達(dá),并可促進(jìn)肝癌細(xì)胞增殖[14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,干擾LINC00470表達(dá)后胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞增殖抑制率升高,克隆形成數(shù)減少,SW1990細(xì)胞凋亡率及cleaved-caspase3、cleaved-caspase9蛋白水平升高,表明干擾LINC00470表達(dá)可抑制胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞增殖并促進(jìn)其凋亡,提示LINC00470可能在胰腺癌細(xì)胞進(jìn)展中發(fā)揮重要作用。此外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著TDZ濃度的增加,胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞中LINC00470的表達(dá)量依次降低,提示TDZ可能通過抑制LINC00470的表達(dá)而發(fā)揮抗胰腺癌SW1990增殖和促進(jìn)其凋亡的作用。為進(jìn)一步證實(shí)TDZ與LINC00470在胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡中的調(diào)控關(guān)系,本研究在過表達(dá)LINC00470的基礎(chǔ)上對胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞進(jìn)行TDZ干預(yù),結(jié)果提示LINC00470過表達(dá)能夠拮抗TDZ對胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的作用。
綜上所述,TDZ可通過下調(diào)LINC00470表達(dá)來抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖,并促進(jìn)其凋亡。LncRNA常通過調(diào)控下游miRNA水平影響腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、凋亡,而介導(dǎo)LINC00470功能的下游靶miRNA尚需進(jìn)一步預(yù)測和驗(yàn)證。本研究初步論證了TDZ對胰腺癌細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為的影響,為胰腺癌藥物的研發(fā)提供新方向,為進(jìn)一步揭示TDZ抗胰腺癌作用奠定了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
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(2022-06-21收稿 2022-09-20修回)
(本文編輯 陸榮展)