李想,陳炳,鄔嘉波,吳海如,俞加法
·論 著·
地舒單抗治療前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛的臨床研究
李想,陳炳,鄔嘉波,吳海如,俞加法
舟山醫(yī)院泌尿外科,浙江舟山 316000
探討唑來膦酸和地舒單抗輔助去勢(shì)療法治療前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛的臨床療效。選取舟山醫(yī)院2022年1—6月收治的前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛患者84例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組,每組各42例;兩組均采用去勢(shì)療法治療,對(duì)照組給予唑來膦酸輔助治療,試驗(yàn)組采用地舒單抗治療,比較兩組的客觀緩解率、治療前后視覺模擬評(píng)分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、卡氏評(píng)分及安全性。對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組客觀緩解率分別為71.43%(30/42),80.95%(34/42);兩組客觀緩解率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05)。兩組治療后3、6及12個(gè)月VAS評(píng)分均顯著低于治療前(<0.05);試驗(yàn)組治療后上述時(shí)間點(diǎn)VAS評(píng)分分別為(4.89±1.07)分、(2.26±0.71)分、(1.03±0.49)分,分別顯著低于對(duì)照組的(5.68±1.32)分、(3.59±1.15)分、(1.95±0.65)分(<0.05)。兩組治療后3、6及12個(gè)月卡氏評(píng)分均顯著高于治療前(<0.05);試驗(yàn)組治療后上述時(shí)間點(diǎn)卡氏評(píng)分分別為(60.69±6.65)分、(72.27±7.31)分、(80.10±9.57)分,均顯著高于對(duì)照組的(55.36±4.97)分、(60.30±5.83)分、(69.65±7.45)分,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.05)。對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率分別為7.14%(3/42)、2.38%(1/42),兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05)。相較于唑來膦酸,地舒單抗輔助去勢(shì)療法治療前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛可有效緩解疼痛癥狀,改善生活質(zhì)量,且安全性良好。
地舒單抗;唑來膦酸;去勢(shì)療法;前列腺癌;骨轉(zhuǎn)移;疼痛
前列腺癌是男性常見泌尿系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤之一,我國(guó)每年新發(fā)病例數(shù)超過11萬。骨骼是前列腺癌主要轉(zhuǎn)移部位,隨之產(chǎn)生的病理性骨折、脊髓壓迫及骨痛等骨相關(guān)事件已成為影響患者生活質(zhì)量及遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的重要原因[1-2]。已有研究顯示,60%~75%前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者確診時(shí)已發(fā)生嚴(yán)重骨痛癥狀,給日常工作生活帶來極大困擾[3]。以骨痛為代表的骨相關(guān)事件伴隨前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者病情發(fā)生、發(fā)展全過程,給患者、家庭及社會(huì)帶來沉重經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)[4]。唑來膦酸屬于強(qiáng)效雙膦酸鹽類骨改良藥物,近年來已被廣泛用于骨相關(guān)事件的防治,但相當(dāng)部分患者病情控制效果不佳,且腎毒性問題也使得其臨床應(yīng)用受限[5]。地舒單抗屬于人免疫球蛋白G2單克隆抗體,已被證實(shí)能夠有效降低破骨細(xì)胞分化、活性及存活,抑制骨吸收,有助于延長(zhǎng)首次骨相關(guān)事件發(fā)生時(shí)間,且基本無腎毒性[6]。因此,本研究前瞻性納入舟山醫(yī)院2022年1—6月收治前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛患者84例,探討唑來膦酸和地舒單抗輔助去勢(shì)療法治療前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛臨床療效,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
選取舟山醫(yī)院2022年1—6月收治的前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛患者84例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組,每組各42例。對(duì)照組年齡56~82歲,平均(67.37±5.69)歲,轉(zhuǎn)移部位:肩胛骨15例,脊柱14例,胸骨8例,肋骨5例。試驗(yàn)組年齡54~81歲,平均(66.89±5.60)歲,根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)移部位:肩胛骨18例,脊柱13例,胸骨8例,肋骨3例,兩組患者一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05)。本研究方案經(jīng)舟山醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)[倫理審批號(hào):(2021)倫審第(007)號(hào)],且患者均簽署知情同意書。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)B超、前列腺磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI),前列腺增強(qiáng)電子計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描(computed tomography,CT),前列腺穿刺活檢術(shù)檢查等初次確診為晚期前列腺癌伴骨轉(zhuǎn)移;②前列腺癌病灶骨轉(zhuǎn)移依據(jù):X線、CT、MRI、骨掃描或正電子發(fā)射斷層-X線計(jì)算機(jī)斷層組合系統(tǒng)檢查證實(shí)存在骨轉(zhuǎn)移性病灶[6];③血清鈣2.0~2.9mmol/L;④東部腫瘤協(xié)作組身體狀態(tài)評(píng)分0~3分;⑤肌酐清除率<30ml/min;⑥生存期預(yù)計(jì)≥3個(gè)月。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①前列腺組織標(biāo)本病理學(xué)結(jié)果為神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌前列腺癌,包括小細(xì)胞癌、肉瘤;②激素使用禁忌證,如活動(dòng)性感染、人類免疫缺陷病毒等免疫性疾??;③存在需要長(zhǎng)期口服激素的慢性?。虎艽嬖谟写贵w或腎上腺功能障礙的病史;⑤嚴(yán)重甲狀腺功能障礙、肝功能障礙、心腦血管疾病等;⑥既往或目前使用雙膦酸鹽的患者;⑦對(duì)研究中所涉及的藥物過敏。
兩組患者均采用一線內(nèi)分泌治療藥物去勢(shì),比卡魯胺片(批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字J20150050,生產(chǎn)單位:阿斯利康制藥有限公司,規(guī)格:50mg×28片)50mg,每日1次口服。對(duì)照組予唑來膦酸(批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20041346,生產(chǎn)單位:天晴依泰藥業(yè),規(guī)格:5ml∶4mg)每次4mg,用100ml 0.9%氯化鈉注射液稀釋后靜滴,每4周給藥1次;碳酸鈣D3片(批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H10950029,惠氏制藥有限公司,規(guī)格:600mg/30片)每日1片口服;維生素D滴劑[批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H2019329,生產(chǎn)單位:華夏國(guó)藥(菏澤)制藥有限公司,每粒含維生素D3 400單位]每日1??诜T囼?yàn)組予地舒單抗注射液[:S20190025,生產(chǎn)單位:百濟(jì)神州生物藥業(yè)有限公司,規(guī)格:120mg(1.7ml)/瓶]120mg皮下注射,每4周注射1次。兩組均治療12個(gè)月。
①骨轉(zhuǎn)移灶的復(fù)查評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):治療后3個(gè)月復(fù)查X線、CT、MRI或骨掃描等評(píng)價(jià)療效:完全緩解(complete response,CR):所有病灶完全消失至少4周;部分緩解(partial response,PR):溶骨性病灶的體積部分縮小,或溶骨性病灶出現(xiàn)鈣化,成骨性灶密度減低;穩(wěn)定(no change,NC):病灶沒有明顯的變化;疾病進(jìn)展(progression of disease,PD):病灶增大或出現(xiàn)新病灶[7]。②疼痛程度評(píng)估采用視覺模擬評(píng)分法(visual analogue scale,VAS),分值0~10分,其中0分為未感疼痛,10分為疼痛難忍需要藥物控制,分值越高提示疼痛越嚴(yán)重[8]。③生活質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)采用卡氏評(píng)分法,分值0~100分,0分為死亡或病危,100分為生活正常,狀態(tài)良好,分值越高,提示生活質(zhì)量越佳[8]。④記錄治療過程中不良反應(yīng),包括胃腸道不適、發(fā)熱及低鈣血癥等。
對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組客觀緩解率分別為71.43%(30/42),80.95%(34/42);兩組患者客觀緩解率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(2=1.05,>0.05),見表1。
表1 兩組患者客觀緩解率比較
兩組患者治療后3個(gè)月、6個(gè)月及12個(gè)月VAS評(píng)分均顯著低于治療前(<0.05);試驗(yàn)組治療后上述時(shí)間點(diǎn)VAS評(píng)分分別顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.05),見表2。
表2 兩組患者治療前后VAS評(píng)分比較(,分)
注:與治療前比較,*<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,#<0.05
兩組患者治療后3個(gè)月、6個(gè)月及12個(gè)月卡氏評(píng)分均顯著高于治療前(<0.05);試驗(yàn)組治療后上述時(shí)間點(diǎn)卡氏評(píng)分分別顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05),見表3。
表3 兩組患者治療前后卡氏評(píng)分比較(,分)
注:與治療前比較,*<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,#<0.05
對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率分別為7.14%(3/42),2.38%(1/42),兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(2=0.263,>0.05)。
前列腺癌在男性惡性腫瘤死亡率方面高居第2位,近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)其在我國(guó)發(fā)病率逐年升高,且部分前列腺癌患者在第一次確診時(shí)就已經(jīng)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移[9]。我國(guó)每年新增約14.5萬前列腺癌患者,其中65%~90%患者在進(jìn)展過程中會(huì)發(fā)生骨轉(zhuǎn)移,如果骨轉(zhuǎn)移未接受進(jìn)一步治療,近1/2患者在確診后1年內(nèi)發(fā)生骨相關(guān)事件[10]。骨相關(guān)事件是指在惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移或骨病患者中,由于疾病進(jìn)展帶來的一系列骨并發(fā)癥的總稱[11]。骨相關(guān)事件是一組事件,常作為研究終點(diǎn)用于評(píng)價(jià)治療惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移的療效,主要包括病理性骨折、骨放療、骨手術(shù)、脊髓壓迫、惡性高鈣血癥、骨痛等[12]。各種骨相關(guān)事件均顯著降低前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者生活質(zhì)量,還給患者造成沉重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)[13]。
歐洲腫瘤內(nèi)科骨健康指南對(duì)于骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者骨靶向藥物的應(yīng)用推薦:骨轉(zhuǎn)移診斷后即應(yīng)開始骨靶向藥物治療,合并骨轉(zhuǎn)移的晚期肺癌、腎癌和其他實(shí)體瘤患者,如果患者的預(yù)期壽命>3個(gè)月,且存在骨并發(fā)癥高風(fēng)險(xiǎn),應(yīng)給予地舒單抗或唑來膦酸治療[14]。雙膦酸鹽是使用廣泛的抗骨重吸收藥物,是降低骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者的骨相關(guān)事件風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療,針對(duì)不同適應(yīng)證的雙膦酸鹽已得到監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的批準(zhǔn),包括阿侖膦酸鈉、依替膦酸鹽、伊班膦酸鹽、帕米膦酸鈉、利塞膦酸鈉、唑來磷酸等,其中僅兩種靜脈注射制劑被全球監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)用于降低骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者的骨相關(guān)事件風(fēng)險(xiǎn),即帕米膦酸鈉和唑來膦酸[15]。
唑林磷酸是前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移治療常用藥物之一,具有抑制骨吸收和破骨細(xì)胞活動(dòng)的雙重作用,同時(shí)其還能夠誘導(dǎo)破骨干細(xì)胞死亡;唑來膦酸進(jìn)入人體后可附著于骨骼中羥磷酸灰石晶體,并被破骨細(xì)胞吸收后富集滯留于細(xì)胞質(zhì)中,抑制破骨細(xì)胞活性和抗吸收作用,進(jìn)而緩解或延遲腫瘤造成的溶骨性改變,降低溶骨性骨轉(zhuǎn)移所引發(fā)的病理性骨折,最終達(dá)到減輕或消除患者疼痛的效果[16]。靜脈滴注唑來膦酸目前已被廣泛用于前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者骨相關(guān)事件的防治中,但唑來膦酸長(zhǎng)時(shí)間應(yīng)用可能對(duì)患者產(chǎn)生一系列嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,如可能導(dǎo)致低鈣血癥、低磷血癥和下頜骨壞死等,在使用時(shí)需要監(jiān)測(cè)患者病情變化,同時(shí)給予對(duì)癥治療。對(duì)于肌酐清除率<30ml/min的患者,不建議給予唑來膦酸治療[17]。
地舒單抗屬于針對(duì)骨骼重塑通路全人源單克隆抗體,具有破骨細(xì)胞骨吸收抑制作用,在人體內(nèi)通過結(jié)合核因子κB受體激活蛋白配體,阻止核因子κB受體激活蛋白配體和NF-κB受體激活蛋白相互作用,從而抑制骨吸收[18]。同時(shí)地舒單抗可還可緊密結(jié)合核因子κB受體激活蛋白配體,與雙膦酸鹽類藥物不同,地舒單抗能同時(shí)抑制成熟破骨細(xì)胞骨吸收和拮抗破骨細(xì)胞存活[19]。
2020年歐洲泌尿外科協(xié)會(huì)前列腺癌指南去勢(shì)抵抗性轉(zhuǎn)移性前列腺癌患者中,地舒單抗(每4周皮下注射120mg)與唑來膦酸(每4周靜脈注射4mg)相比,在降低前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者骨相關(guān)事件發(fā)生率方面與唑來膦酸同等有效,并能夠顯著延緩首次骨相關(guān)事件發(fā)生時(shí)間,且地舒單抗較少影響腎功能,其較唑來膦酸更適合與一線化療聯(lián)合應(yīng)用[20]。地舒單抗能夠減輕骨轉(zhuǎn)移病灶炎癥反應(yīng),緩解骨疼痛癥狀;同時(shí)破骨細(xì)胞吸收地舒單抗后分化功能被抑制,活性明顯下降,可進(jìn)一步抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞骨侵犯,延緩溶骨性改變,對(duì)于減輕轉(zhuǎn)移部位疼痛具有重要作用。此外,地舒單抗還能夠提升骨轉(zhuǎn)移局部微環(huán)境pH值,減輕酸性物質(zhì)對(duì)于病灶的刺激,最終達(dá)到降低或消除疼痛的目的;而在藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)方面,地舒單抗個(gè)體差異極小,進(jìn)入人體后被迅速吸收,單次給藥作用時(shí)間可達(dá)9個(gè)月[21]。
本研究中,兩組患者客觀緩解率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05)。有報(bào)道認(rèn)為地舒單抗輔助治療前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移有助于提高疾病緩解率,延長(zhǎng)總生存時(shí)間[22],但本次研究未支持這一觀點(diǎn),筆者認(rèn)為可能與納入樣本量較少,此后續(xù)將進(jìn)一步通過擴(kuò)大樣本量驗(yàn)證。同時(shí)試驗(yàn)組治療后3個(gè)月、6個(gè)月及12個(gè)月點(diǎn)VAS評(píng)分均顯著高于對(duì)照組;試驗(yàn)組治療后3個(gè)月、6個(gè)月及12個(gè)月卡氏評(píng)分均顯著高于對(duì)照組,證實(shí)前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛患者接受地舒單抗治療在減輕疼痛癥狀及提高生活質(zhì)量方面具有優(yōu)勢(shì),而此優(yōu)勢(shì)主要與地舒單抗能夠在抑制成熟破骨細(xì)胞骨吸收同時(shí)拮抗破骨細(xì)胞形成有關(guān),而疼痛癥狀嚴(yán)重程度可直接影響生活質(zhì)量。此外兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示地舒單抗輔助去勢(shì)療法用于前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛患者治療安全性良好,僅1例見低鈣血癥,且經(jīng)對(duì)癥治療后血鈣水平恢復(fù)正常,未影響后續(xù)臨床治療。
綜上所述,相較于唑來膦酸,地舒單抗輔助去勢(shì)療法治療前列腺癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移疼痛可有效緩解疼痛癥狀,改善患者生活質(zhì)量,且安全性良好。
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Clinical study of Denosumab in the treatment of pain caused by bone metastasis of prostate cancer
Department of Urology, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang,China
To investigate the clinical efficacy of Zoledronic acid and Denosumab in the treatment of bone metastasis pain of prostate cancer.A total of 84 patients with prostate cancer bone metastasis pain admitted to Zhoushan Hospital from January to June 2022 were randomly divided into control group and experimental group using the number table method, with 42 patients in each group. Both groups were treated with castration therapy, the control group was treated with zoledronic acid as an adjuvant therapy, and the test group was treated with Denosumab therapy. The objective remission rate, visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment, Carlsberg score and safety of the two groups were compared. The objective response rates of the control group and the experimental group were 71.43% (30/42) and 80.95% (34/42), respectively; There was no statistically significant difference in objective response rates between the two groups (>0.05). The VAS scores of both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment (<0.05); After treatment, the VAS scores of the experimental group at the above time points were (4.89±1.07) points, (2.26±0.71) points, and (1.03±0.49) points, which were significantly lower than the control group’s (5.68±1.32) points, (3.59±1.15) points, and (1.95±0.65) points (<0.05). After 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment, the Karst scores of both groups were significantly higher than before treatment (<0.05); After treatment, the Karst scores of the experimental group at the above time points were (60.69±6.65) points, (72.27±7.31) points, and (80.10±9.57) points, which were significantly higher than the control group’s (55.36±4.97) points, (60.30±5.83) points, and (69.65±7.45) points (<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the control group and the experimental group were 7.14% (3/42) and 2.38% (1/42), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (>0.05).Compared with zoledronic acid, Denosumab assisted castration therapy can effectively relieve pain symptoms, improve quality of life, and has good safety.
Denosumab; Zoledronic acid; Castration therapy; Prostate cancer; Bone metastasis; Pain
R737.25
A
10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.18.004
(2022–10–09)
(2023–06–21)
舟山市醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YA04)
李想,電子信箱:zhoushanyiyuan@163.com