胡紅梅 李睿 王雪佼 裴新
【摘要】 目的:分析阿托伐他汀鈣強(qiáng)化治療對老年冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者左心功能、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)及心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)的影響。方法:將昆明市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院2021年1月-2022年1月收治的70例老年冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者作為研究對象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法,將患者分為對照組與研究組,各35例。兩組患者均口服阿托伐他汀鈣進(jìn)行治療,其中對照組給予常規(guī)劑量(40 mg/d),研究組給予強(qiáng)化劑量(80 mg/d)。比較兩組治療前和治療后房顫發(fā)作次數(shù)、左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)、左心房內(nèi)徑(LAD)及hs-CRP水平的差異。結(jié)果:治療后,兩組心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)均少于治療前,且研究組心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)較對照組少(P<0.05)。相比治療前,兩組治療后LAD顯著下降,LVEF顯著增高,且研究組LAD較對照組低,LVEF較對照組高(P<0.05)。與治療前相比,兩組治療后hs-CRP水平顯著下降,且研究組hs-CRP水平較對照組低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:應(yīng)用阿托伐他汀鈣治療可有效改善老年冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者左心房功能,減少心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù),減輕臨床癥狀,同時具有減輕炎癥反應(yīng)的作用,其中強(qiáng)化劑量治療的效果更優(yōu),因此具有良好的臨床應(yīng)用前景。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 冠心病 陣發(fā)性心房顫動 阿托伐他汀鈣 心功能 超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白
[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the effect of intensive Atorvastatin Calcium therapy on left ventricular function, hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the frequency of atrial fibrillation in elderly patients with coronary heart disease complicated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Method: A total of 70 elderly patients with coronary heart disease complicated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation admitted to Kunming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into the control group and the research group, 35 cases in each group. Patients in both groups were treated with Atorvastatin Calcium orally, in which the control group was given the conventional dose (40 mg/d) and the research group was given the intensive dose (80 mg/d). The differences of the frequency of atrial fibrillation, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial diameter (LAD) and hs-CRP levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Result: After treatment, the frequency of atrial fibrillation in both groups were less than that before treatment, and the frequency of atrial fibrillation in the research group was less than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, LAD decreased significantly and LVEF increased significantly in the two groups after treatment, and LAD in the research group was lower than that in the control group, and LVEF was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of hs-CRP in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment, and the level of hs-CRP in the research group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Application of Atorvastatin Calcium therapy can effectively improve the left atrial function of elderly patients with coronary heart disease complicated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, reduce the frequency of atrial fibrillation, and reduce clinical symptoms. At the same time, it has the effect of reducing inflammatory response. The effect of intensive dose therapy is better, so it has a good prospect for clinical application.
[Key words] Coronary heart disease Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Atorvastatin Calcium Cardiac function hs-CRP
First-author's address: Kunming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kunming 650599, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.13.015
冠心病伴陣發(fā)性心房顫動是臨床常見病、多發(fā)病之一,且在老年器質(zhì)性心臟病患者中更為常見。據(jù)報(bào)道,炎癥反應(yīng)在心房顫動與動脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程中起到重要作用[1]。阿托伐他汀鈣的非降脂作用日益受臨床醫(yī)師的關(guān)注和認(rèn)可,如其具有的抗炎和穩(wěn)定粥樣硬化斑塊的作用,對心肌細(xì)胞的保護(hù)作用,可有效阻滯心肌重構(gòu),清除心律失常的病理基礎(chǔ),因此可用于臨床治療心房顫動患者[2-3]。并且,阿托伐他汀鈣的治療效果有一定的量效關(guān)系,即隨著劑量的增加,其非抗炎作用更強(qiáng)[4]。為此,本研究通過選取昆明市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院收治的70例老年冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者,分析阿托伐他汀鈣強(qiáng)化治療對患者房顫發(fā)作次數(shù)、左心功能及超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hypersensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)的影響,旨在為臨床規(guī)范治療提供一定意義。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 將昆明市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院2021年1月-2022年1月收治的70例老年冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者作為研究對象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)經(jīng)冠狀動脈造影、動態(tài)心電圖檢查明確診斷;(2)年齡60~80歲;(3)近3 d心房顫動每天發(fā)作幾次;(4)無治療藥物用藥禁忌證或過敏史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)伴急性心肌炎、急性心肌梗死或介入手術(shù)導(dǎo)致的心房顫動;(2)近期(1個月內(nèi))服用他汀類藥物;(3)存在房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯;(4)伴惡性腫瘤,病情危急;(5)伴精神性疾病,治療依從性差;(6)中途轉(zhuǎn)院、放棄治療,或退出研究。按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法,將患者分為對照組與研究組,各35例。本研究內(nèi)容已通過本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會審核批準(zhǔn)。所有患者及家屬均對本研究知情同意。
1.2 方法 兩組患者均應(yīng)用華法林、胺碘酮等心房顫動常規(guī)藥物治療。兩組患者均口服阿托伐他汀鈣片(生產(chǎn)廠家:輝瑞制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20051408,規(guī)格:20 mg)進(jìn)行治療,其中對照組給予常規(guī)劑量,40 mg/次,1次/d;研究組采取強(qiáng)化劑量治療,80 mg/次,1次/d。兩組均連續(xù)用藥3個月。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 記錄兩組患者治療前和治療后24 h內(nèi)心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)、左心房內(nèi)徑(left atrium diameter,LAD)、左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)及hs-CRP。心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)通過24 h動態(tài)心電圖檢查進(jìn)行評估。LAD和LVEF的檢測通過彩色超聲多普勒檢查進(jìn)行評估。hs-CRP通過全自動特定蛋白分析儀和乳膠增強(qiáng)免疫比濁法測定,試劑盒購自上海恒遠(yuǎn)生物科技有限公司,嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書完成檢測操作。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 將數(shù)據(jù)錄入SPSS 23.0版統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行處理。計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用率(%)表示,比較用字2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表明差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組基線資料比較 對照組男20例,女15例;年齡62~78歲,平均(69.08±5.12)歲;心房顫動持續(xù)時間40~63 min,平均(49.14±5.05)min。研究組男22例,女13例;年齡61~80歲,平均(68.77±6.13)歲;心房顫動持續(xù)時間42~62 min,平均(50.96±6.15)min。兩組基線資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2.2 兩組治療前后心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)比較 兩組治療前心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,兩組心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)均顯著少于治療前,且研究組心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù)較對照組明顯減少(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.3 兩組治療前后LAD、LVEF比較 兩組治療前LAD、LVEF比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);相比治療前,兩組治療后LAD均顯著下降,LVEF均顯著增高,且研究組治療后LAD較對照組低,LVEF較對照組高(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.4 兩組治療前后hs-CRP水平比較 兩組治療前hs-CRP水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與治療前相比,兩組治療后hs-CRP水平均顯著下降,且研究組治療后hs-CRP水平較對照組低(P<0.05)。見表3。
3 討論
冠心病是心房顫動的常見病因之一,冠心病伴陣發(fā)性心房顫動在中老年人群中的患病率較高,超過65歲的老年人群心房顫動的發(fā)病率約為6%,而75歲以上的發(fā)病率約為10%[5]。這是因?yàn)?,隨著心房纖維化程度的加重和心房重構(gòu),使得傳導(dǎo)減慢或出現(xiàn)傳導(dǎo)阻滯,可進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致折返形成,使得老年人群出現(xiàn)心房顫動的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高[6]。并且,因局部心肌缺血,使得傳導(dǎo)速度明顯減慢,也易形成折返,加重心房顫動[7]。冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動可促使腦血管病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高,并且心房顫動患者腦卒中發(fā)生率較無心房顫動者增高5倍,死亡率增高2倍[8]。因此,臨床上應(yīng)及時采取規(guī)范治療,以免持續(xù)性心房顫動與永久性心房顫動的發(fā)生。動脈粥樣硬化是引發(fā)冠心病的主要原因之一,心房顫動與冠心病的誘因、病因具有交叉重疊的特點(diǎn),亦可共同發(fā)生,也可相互獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)。炎癥反應(yīng)參與冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動的病理過程,其中hs-CRP濃度與心房顫動的發(fā)生存在密切關(guān)系[9-10]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與治療前相比,兩組治療后hs-CRP水平下降,且研究組hs-CRP水平較對照組低。分析原因:局部或全身性炎癥在動脈粥樣硬化及冠心病并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程中具有重要的促進(jìn)作用。既往研究報(bào)道,炎癥因子如hs-CRP等與冠心病發(fā)生和發(fā)展的病理過程存在顯著關(guān)系,炎癥因子濃度的高低對評估患者近遠(yuǎn)期心血管事件的發(fā)生具有重要的預(yù)測作用[11]。隨著近年來國內(nèi)外對炎癥因子認(rèn)識的進(jìn)一步提高,已有研究證實(shí)炎癥因子含量與心房顫動的病理過程密切相關(guān)[12]。此外,有研究表明,炎癥因子與心房顫動的轉(zhuǎn)歸密切相關(guān),其機(jī)制可能與心房肌重構(gòu)和心房組織本身損傷有關(guān)[13]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),治療后,兩組患者房顫發(fā)作次數(shù)均顯著少于治療前,且研究組房顫發(fā)作次數(shù)較對照組少。此外,相比治療前,兩組治療后LAD顯著下降,LVEF顯著增高,且研究組治療后LAD較對照組低,LVEF較對照組高。分析原因:阿托伐他汀鈣在臨床治療高血脂患者中發(fā)揮著顯著作用,降脂效果較強(qiáng),因而在冠心病患者臨床治療中的應(yīng)用逐漸增多,已有研究證實(shí)該類藥物具有減少冠心病發(fā)病和死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的作用[14]。阿托伐他汀鈣具有改善心臟自主神經(jīng)功能、減輕炎癥、抗血小板聚集、改善內(nèi)皮功能、減少心房肌的結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)與電重構(gòu)等多種作用[15]。據(jù)報(bào)道,應(yīng)用阿托伐他汀鈣治療的冠心病患者心房顫動發(fā)生率明顯低于未服用阿托伐他汀鈣者,且可有效降低心房顫動復(fù)發(fā)率,同時可降低其轉(zhuǎn)化為持續(xù)性心房顫動的發(fā)生率[16]。美國心臟病學(xué)學(xué)會/2018年美國心臟協(xié)會血脂管理指南再次強(qiáng)調(diào)穩(wěn)定型冠心病強(qiáng)化他汀治療,且唯一明確推薦阿托伐他汀80 mg/d的用量[17-18],國內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)綜述方面亦推薦冠心病患者應(yīng)用強(qiáng)化他汀治療[19-20]。上述研究均表明,老年冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者應(yīng)用阿托伐他汀強(qiáng)化治療可有效改善其心臟功能,減少心房顫動的發(fā)生,因此可有效減輕臨床癥狀,增強(qiáng)臨床療效,同時可降低血清hs-CRP水平,其作用機(jī)制可能與緩解機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)密切相關(guān),需今后進(jìn)一步探究。
綜上所述,應(yīng)用阿托伐他汀鈣強(qiáng)化治療可有效改善老年冠心病合并陣發(fā)性心房顫動患者心功能,減少心房顫動發(fā)作次數(shù),同時可降低血清hs-CRP水平,具有減輕炎癥反應(yīng)的作用,其中80 mg/d強(qiáng)化劑量治療的效果更優(yōu),因此具有良好的臨床應(yīng)用前景。
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(收稿日期:2022-11-22) (本文編輯:陳韻)