楊振 李會(huì)影 劉建璇 于映霞 荊濤
【摘要】 目的:研究參芪顆粒對(duì)慢性腎功能衰竭模型大鼠的保護(hù)作用,為新藥開發(fā)提供藥效學(xué)依據(jù)。方法:選取65只雄性SD大鼠,除空白對(duì)照組(n=12)外,其余大鼠前14 d,每天灌胃腺嘌呤混懸液150 mg/kg;后7 d,每天灌胃腺嘌呤混懸液200 mg/kg,以制作慢性腎衰大鼠模型。將造模成功的50只大鼠隨機(jī)分為5組,即模型對(duì)照組,參芪顆粒高劑量組、中劑量組、低劑量組,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,每組10只。觀察參芪顆粒對(duì)CRF模型大鼠的保護(hù)作用。比較六組大鼠24 h尿量、24 h尿蛋白、血清肌酐(Scr)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、體重、腎臟重量、腎臟指數(shù)。結(jié)果:模型對(duì)照組大鼠的24 h尿量多于空白對(duì)照組,Scr、BUN、UA水平均高于空白對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。模型對(duì)照組24 h尿蛋白量高于空白對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。參芪顆粒高、中、低劑量組大鼠的24 h尿蛋白量均低于模型對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。參芪顆粒高劑量組Scr水平低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。參芪顆粒高劑量組BUN水平低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。參芪顆粒高劑量組UA水平低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。參芪顆粒中劑量組和陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組的Scr、BUN、UA均低于模型對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。參芪顆粒低劑量組UA水平低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。模型對(duì)照組體重低于空白對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。模型對(duì)照組腎臟重量、腎臟指數(shù)均高于空白對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。參芪顆粒高劑量組腎臟重量低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組的腎臟重量、腎臟指數(shù)均高于模型對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:參芪顆粒具有一定的改善腎功能,保護(hù)腎組織的作用,值得進(jìn)一步開發(fā)利用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 參芪顆粒 腺嘌呤 慢性腎功能衰竭
The Effect of Shenqi Granules on Adenine-induced Chronic Kidney Failure in Rats/YANG Zhen, LI Huiying, LIU Jianxuan, YU Yingxia, JING Tao. //Medical Innovation of China, 2022, 19(18): 00-011
[Abstract] Objective: To study the protective effect of Shenqi Granules on chronic kidney failure rats, and to provide pharmacodynamic basis for new drug development. Method: A total of 65 male SD rats were selected, except the blank control group (n=12), the other rats were given intragastric administration of Adenine Suspension 150 mg/kg
daily for the first 14 d and 200 mg/kg daily for the next 7 d, to make a rat model of chronic renal failure. 50 rats successfully modeled were randomly divided into 5 groups, model control group, Shenqi Granules high-dose group, medium-dose group, low-dose group and positive control group, with 10 rats in each group. The protective effect of Shenqi Granules on CRF model rats was observed. The 24 h urine volume, 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine (Scr), serum urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), body weight, kidney weight and renal index of rats were compared in six groups. Result: The 24 h urine volume of the model control group was higher than that of the blank control group, the levels of Scr, BUN and UA of the model control group were higher than those of the blank control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The 24 h urinary protein level of the model control group was higher than that of the blank control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The 24 h urinary protein content of Shenqi Granules high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups were lower than those of the model control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Scr level of the Shenqi Granules high-dose group was lower than that of the model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The BUN level of the Shenqi Granules high-dose group was lower than that of the model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). UA level of the Shenqi Granules high-dose group was lower than that of the model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Scr, BUN and UA of Shenqi Granules medium-dose group and positive control group were lower than those of model control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). UA level of the Shenqi Granules low-dose group was lower than that of model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The weight of the model control group was lower than that of the blank control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The kidney weight and index of the model control group were higher than that of the blank control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Kidney weight of the Shenqi Granules high-dose group was lower than that of the model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The kidney weight and renal index of the positive control group were higher than those of the model control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Shenqi Granules has the function of improving renal function and protecting renal tissue, which is worthy of further development and utilization.
[Key words] Shenqi Granules Adenine Chronic kidney failure
First-author’s address: Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Province, Changchun 130021, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.18.002
慢性腎功能衰竭(CRF)是嚴(yán)重威脅人類生命健康的重要病癥之一。目前,血液透析和腎移植的治療方法仍存在費(fèi)用高及腎源的限制,給患者的治療帶來諸多不便[1-2]。近年來,中醫(yī)藥在治療慢性腎衰方面具有十分明顯的作用,為廣大患者所認(rèn)可。復(fù)方中藥制劑“參芪顆?!笔窃趥鹘y(tǒng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)方的基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)的治療早、中期慢性腎功能衰竭的中藥新藥。通過研究參芪顆粒對(duì)慢性腎功能衰竭模型大鼠的保護(hù)作用,為新藥開發(fā)提供藥效學(xué)依據(jù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料 選取SPF級(jí)SD大鼠,65只,雄性,體重180~220 g,由遼寧長(zhǎng)生生物技術(shù)股份有限公司提供,許可證號(hào):SCXK(遼)2020-0001。藥物與試劑,參芪顆粒(生產(chǎn)廠家:吉林省中醫(yī)藥科學(xué)院制劑研究室,批號(hào):20210704),是由黃芪、黨參、肉桂、牛膝、大黃、益母草6味中藥組成的復(fù)方制劑,本品為棕褐色粉末,氣味微苦,每克粉相當(dāng)于2.44 g生藥;尿毒清顆粒[生產(chǎn)廠家:康臣藥業(yè)(內(nèi)蒙古)有限責(zé)任公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字Z20073256,規(guī)格:5 g×15袋/盒];腺嘌呤(生產(chǎn)廠家:上海源葉生物科技有限公司,產(chǎn)品批號(hào):S18009,高純98%);羧甲基纖維素鈉(生產(chǎn)廠家:天津市福晨化學(xué)試劑廠,批號(hào):20160412)。實(shí)驗(yàn)符合本院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)的相關(guān)規(guī)定。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 動(dòng)物造模 選取SD大鼠65只,雄性,體重180~220 g。實(shí)驗(yàn)前,所有大鼠均適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)7 d,正常進(jìn)食,自由飲水。12只空白對(duì)照組大鼠灌胃蒸餾水,其余大鼠前14 d,每天灌胃給予腺嘌呤混懸液150 mg/(kg·d),用0.5%的CMC-Na配成濃度為1.5%腺嘌呤混懸液,后7 d,每天灌胃給予腺嘌呤混懸液200 mg/(kg·d),共灌胃21 d。選取2只空白對(duì)照組大鼠和3只造模大鼠,進(jìn)行腎臟的病理組織學(xué)比較分析,以初步驗(yàn)證造模情況[3],結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),慢性腎功能衰竭模型大鼠復(fù)制成功。
1.2.2 分組給藥 將其余造模成功的50只大鼠隨機(jī)分為5組,即模型對(duì)照組、參芪顆粒高劑量組、參芪顆粒中劑量組、參芪顆粒低劑量組、陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,每組10只。參芪顆粒高劑量組、中劑量組、低劑量組大鼠每天的用藥劑量分別是5.16、2.58、1.29 g/(kg·bw)[相當(dāng)于原生藥12.60、6.30、3.15 g生藥/(kg·bw)],分別為大鼠的2倍臨床等效劑量、臨床等效劑量及1/2臨床等效劑量。陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組給予尿毒清顆粒,每天給藥劑量為1.80 g/(kg·bw)??瞻讓?duì)照組和模型對(duì)照組的大鼠,均在給藥期間給予蒸餾水灌胃,灌胃體積為每100克1.0 mL。各組大鼠均連續(xù)灌胃28 d。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 給藥結(jié)束后,檢測(cè)各組大鼠的24 h尿量、24 h尿蛋白、血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)含量、體重、腎臟重量并計(jì)算腎臟指數(shù),并進(jìn)行大鼠的腎臟組織病理檢查。腎臟指數(shù)=腎臟重量/體重×100%。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 17.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,兩兩比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組比較采用方差分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 六組大鼠24 h尿量、24 h尿蛋白量比較 模型對(duì)照組大鼠的24 h尿量多于空白對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。模型對(duì)照組24 h尿蛋白水平高于空白對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。參芪顆粒高、中、低劑量組大鼠的24 h尿蛋白量均低于模型對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 六組大鼠Scr、BUN、UA水平比較 模型對(duì)照組大鼠的Scr、BUN、UA水平均高于空白對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。參芪顆粒高劑量組Scr水平低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。參芪顆粒高劑量組BUN水平低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<;0.01)。參芪顆粒高劑量組UA水平低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。參芪顆粒中劑量組和陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組的Scr、BUN、UA均低于模型對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。參芪顆粒低劑量組UA水平低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 六組大鼠體重、腎臟重量、腎臟指數(shù)比較 模型對(duì)照組體重低于空白對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。模型對(duì)照組腎臟重量、腎臟指數(shù)均高于空白對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。參芪顆粒高劑量組腎臟重量低于模型對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組的腎臟重量、腎臟指數(shù)均高于模型對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4 六組大鼠的腎臟組織病理學(xué)變化 觀察各組大鼠的腎臟組織染色病理切片。空白對(duì)照組:大鼠腎臟的病理組織學(xué)檢查未見明顯改變,HE染色觀察腎小管、腎小球、系膜區(qū)寬度、系膜基質(zhì)、間質(zhì)均未見異常病變,見圖1A。模型對(duì)照組:與空白對(duì)照組比較,模型對(duì)照組大鼠腎臟組織的腎小球出現(xiàn)擴(kuò)張,個(gè)別腎小球萎縮;腎小管間質(zhì)可見炎細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),血管壁增厚,腎小管內(nèi)可見大量嘌呤結(jié)晶沉積,近曲腎小管變性、滲出,遠(yuǎn)曲小管擴(kuò)張,已造成慢性腎功能衰竭的模型,見圖1B。參芪顆粒高劑量組:與模型對(duì)照組比較,參芪顆粒高劑量組大鼠腎臟間質(zhì)炎癥狀態(tài)明顯好轉(zhuǎn),腎間質(zhì)內(nèi)淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)數(shù)量明顯減少,腎小球狀態(tài)明顯改善,腎小管變性明顯減輕,嘌呤結(jié)晶沉積明顯減少,見圖1C。參芪顆粒中劑量組:與模型對(duì)照組比較,參芪顆粒中劑量組大鼠的腎臟間質(zhì)中慢性炎癥浸潤(rùn)程度,呈劑量效應(yīng)關(guān)系;炎細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)減少,血管壁增厚改善,腎小球和腎小管狀態(tài)減輕,嘌呤結(jié)晶沉積減少,見圖1D。參芪顆粒低劑量組:與模型對(duì)照組比較,參芪顆粒低劑量組大鼠的腎臟間質(zhì)中慢性炎癥浸潤(rùn)程度,呈劑量效應(yīng)關(guān)系;炎細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)減少,血管壁增厚改善,腎小球和腎小管狀態(tài)減輕,嘌呤結(jié)晶沉積減少,見圖1E。陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組:與模型對(duì)照組比較,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組大鼠腎臟間質(zhì)有所改善,腎間質(zhì)內(nèi)淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)數(shù)量有所減少,部分腎小球擴(kuò)張,近曲小管變性程度得到改善,見圖1F。
3 討論
慢性腎功能衰竭(CRF)是一種慢性進(jìn)行性腎損害,該疾病的病程較長(zhǎng),嚴(yán)重威脅患者的生命安全,因此,尋找合適的治療手段對(duì)于患者至關(guān)重要。近年來,采用中醫(yī)藥治療慢性疾病成為更多患者的選擇,復(fù)方中藥制劑“參芪顆?!笔窃趥鹘y(tǒng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)方基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)的治療早中期慢性腎功能衰竭的中藥新藥,由黃芪、黨參、肉桂等6味中藥組成,黃芪具有利水消腫等功效;黨參具有健脾益肺、補(bǔ)中益氣之功效;牛膝具有利尿通淋之功效;大黃具有通腑瀉濁之功效;益母草具有利尿消腫之功效,諸藥合用可以改善腎功能,延緩慢性腎衰的病情進(jìn)展[4-8]。
目前,關(guān)于慢性腎功能衰竭的動(dòng)物模型的復(fù)制主要分為物理方法和化學(xué)方法,其中,物理方法主要是采用手術(shù)切除部分腎組織,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致腎小球部分硬化、腎小管擴(kuò)張,導(dǎo)致殘留腎組織的代償作用不足,腎功能進(jìn)一步惡化。化學(xué)方法則是采用給大鼠灌胃高濃度腺嘌呤,復(fù)制慢性腎功能衰竭的大鼠模型,大鼠體內(nèi)的腺嘌呤沉積于腎小管而成功復(fù)制慢性腎衰[9-15]。
本研究筆者采用給大鼠灌胃高濃度腺嘌呤的方法復(fù)制慢性腎功能衰竭的大鼠模型,通過21 d造模,28 d給藥,觀察參芪顆粒各劑量組對(duì)于模型大鼠的作用。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與模型對(duì)照組比較,參芪顆粒高劑量組大鼠的24 h尿蛋白量有所降低(P<0.05),腎臟重量明顯降低(P<0.01);血清Scr、BUN、UA等指標(biāo)變化顯著,Scr低于模型對(duì)照組(P<0.001),BUN低于模型對(duì)照組(P<0.01),UA低于模型對(duì)照組(P<0.05);參芪顆粒中劑量組對(duì)血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸含量等指標(biāo)略有降低作用(P<0.05)。由此表明,參芪顆粒對(duì)慢性腎功能衰竭模型大鼠具有一定的保護(hù)作用,值得進(jìn)一步開發(fā)利用[16-20]。參芪顆粒高、中、低劑量組均可以不同程度改善大鼠的腎臟組織病變,以參芪顆粒高劑量組的作用最為明顯。
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(收稿日期:2022-01-18) (本文編輯:張明瀾)
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2022年18期