幽門(mén)螺桿菌(Helicobacter pylori,
)是革蘭氏陰性桿菌
。全球
感染率高達(dá)50%
,在中東和北非地區(qū)成年人感染率可達(dá)90%
。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),
感染不僅與胃內(nèi)疾病相關(guān),還與特發(fā)性血小板減少性紫癜、缺血性心臟病、肝癌、胰腺癌、慢性腎臟病、阿爾茲海默癥等胃外疾病密切相關(guān)
。目前,大眾普遍認(rèn)知
感染與上消化道疾病有相關(guān)性
,而對(duì)于
感染與下消化道疾病的相關(guān)性認(rèn)知尚淺。
結(jié)直腸癌是最常見(jiàn)的胃腸道腫瘤。截至2018年,全球有180萬(wàn)結(jié)直腸癌新發(fā)病例,約88.1萬(wàn)結(jié)直腸癌患者死亡
。結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展大多遵循“腺瘤-癌”的發(fā)展過(guò)程,由結(jié)直腸腺瘤發(fā)展而來(lái)的結(jié)直腸癌占60%~90%
,從癌前病變進(jìn)展到癌一般需要5~10年的時(shí)間
。
隨著
研究的深入,
感染和結(jié)直腸腺瘤的相關(guān)性受到重視。Zhang等
病例對(duì)照研究顯示,結(jié)直腸腺瘤組與健康對(duì)照組的
陽(yáng)性率分別為62.3%(623/1 000)和54.3%(814/1 500),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(
<0.05),進(jìn)一步多因素分析顯示,
感染是結(jié)直腸腺瘤的危險(xiǎn)因素之一(
=1
17,
=0.032)。但Patel等
橫斷面研究發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管拉美裔美國(guó)人的
感染率相比于黑人和白人最高(40.9%
29.1%
7.9%),但結(jié)果顯示,在拉美裔美國(guó)人中
感染并未增加結(jié)直腸腺瘤的發(fā)生率,兩者之間無(wú)相關(guān)性(
=0
81,
=0.53)。上述研究樣本量均較大,結(jié)論卻相反。Guo等
對(duì)于
感染和結(jié)直腸腫物的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行Meta分析,雖然得出
感染與結(jié)直腸腫物無(wú)相關(guān)性,但其亞組分析得出
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤相關(guān)(
=1.83,95%
:1
35~2
51,
<0.05)。但上述文獻(xiàn)中研究人群選擇為東亞人群,因此,結(jié)論也僅體現(xiàn)東亞人群特征。Wu等
研究?jī)H納入了14篇文獻(xiàn),且其中Siddheshwar等
的研究在檢查結(jié)腸息肉的方法上,部分研究患者采用的是消化道造影檢查,提示存在息肉,而一般認(rèn)為鋇灌腸對(duì)1 cm大小的息肉的敏感性可能低至65%,該檢查可能會(huì)遺漏大腸息肉。因此,此文獻(xiàn)的納入存在爭(zhēng)議。Choi等
Meta分析得出,
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤顯著相關(guān)(
=1
49,95
:1
37~1
62,
<0.001),但該研究?jī)H納入了英文文獻(xiàn),其結(jié)論具有一定的局限性。為了進(jìn)一步證實(shí)
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤的相關(guān)性,我們納入高質(zhì)量中文文獻(xiàn)和英文文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行Meta分析,以便進(jìn)一步證實(shí)
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤的相關(guān)性。
在線檢索PubMed、EmBase、Web of Science、萬(wàn)方、維普和中國(guó)知網(wǎng)建庫(kù)至2020年11月關(guān)于
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤相關(guān)性的文獻(xiàn),中文檢索詞:幽門(mén)螺桿菌、結(jié)直腸腺瘤、結(jié)直腸息肉、結(jié)直腸癌、結(jié)直腸惡性腫瘤、結(jié)直腸良性腫物、結(jié)直腸腫物、大腸息肉、大腸腺瘤、大腸良性腫物、大腸癌、大腸惡性腫瘤。英文檢索詞:Helicobacter pylori、colorectal adenoma、colorectal polyp、colorectal cancer、colorectal benign tumor、colorectal tumor。最后,我們還在OpenGrey官網(wǎng)檢索灰色文獻(xiàn)。
首先,篩除重復(fù)文獻(xiàn),選擇內(nèi)容最全者。其次,根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)的題目和摘要篩選,剔除不相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。最后閱讀全文,根據(jù)納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩選出最終文獻(xiàn)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)研究?jī)?nèi)容涉及
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤相關(guān)性的文獻(xiàn),同時(shí)有完整的原始數(shù)據(jù)供提取,包括
和95
等,中文文獻(xiàn)僅納入中文核心期刊文獻(xiàn);(2)研究類(lèi)型為橫斷面研究和病例對(duì)照研究;(3)文種為中文或英文。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)無(wú)法提供完整原始數(shù)據(jù)的文獻(xiàn);(2)重復(fù)文獻(xiàn);(3)會(huì)議記錄、摘要、回信、綜述、系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)和Meta分析。根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)的納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),由2位評(píng)價(jià)者獨(dú)自篩選文獻(xiàn)。若2位評(píng)價(jià)者意見(jiàn)不一致,由第3位評(píng)價(jià)者商討決定是否納入研究。文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)同樣由2位評(píng)價(jià)者獨(dú)立進(jìn)行。
納入文獻(xiàn)提取以下信息:第一作者姓名、發(fā)表年份、國(guó)家發(fā)展水平、研究設(shè)計(jì)類(lèi)型、
檢測(cè)方法、
(+)組腺瘤發(fā)生例數(shù)、
(+)總例數(shù)、
(-)組腺瘤發(fā)生例數(shù)、
(-)總例數(shù)。納入文獻(xiàn)中試驗(yàn)類(lèi)型為病例對(duì)照研究的選用NOS量表評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。橫斷面研究選用AHRQ量表進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。NOS量表得分≥7分為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn),AHRQ量表得分≥8分為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)。
師:是呀,文本以第一人稱介紹黑臉琵鷺,把黑臉琵鷺當(dāng)做人來(lái)寫(xiě),拉近了文本與讀者的距離,值得借鑒。我們同學(xué)們也可以學(xué)著他的樣子,讓你喜歡的小動(dòng)物開(kāi)口說(shuō)話。
在亞組分析中,結(jié)果顯示,研究類(lèi)型并不影響Meta分析結(jié)果(
=0.36),病例對(duì)照研究和橫斷面研究均得出
感染會(huì)增加結(jié)直腸腺瘤的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(
=1.58,
=1.77)(見(jiàn)圖3)。根據(jù)
檢測(cè)方法分層的結(jié)果顯示,血清抗
IgG抗體為陽(yáng)性會(huì)使結(jié)直腸腺瘤發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加2.09倍,而其他檢測(cè)方法結(jié)果為陽(yáng)性會(huì)使結(jié)直腸腺瘤發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加1.67倍,雖然前者發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于后者,但兩者差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(
=0.21)(見(jiàn)圖4)。根據(jù)國(guó)家發(fā)展水平進(jìn)行分層,發(fā)展中國(guó)家整體占比為49.5%,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為50.5%,結(jié)果顯示,盡管發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
感染人群會(huì)使發(fā)生結(jié)直腸腺瘤的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加1.40倍,但差異并無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(
=0.12)。而發(fā)展中國(guó)家與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比,
感染所致結(jié)直腸腺瘤發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高,兩者差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(
=2.12,
=1.40,
=0.003)(見(jiàn)圖5)。多因素分析是一種控制混雜因素的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法,導(dǎo)致結(jié)直腸腺瘤的影響因素眾多,因此,研究一種因素與結(jié)直腸腺瘤是否相關(guān),多因素分析會(huì)排除干擾因素的影響,最終得出此因素是否與結(jié)直腸腺瘤的發(fā)生相關(guān)。本文據(jù)此進(jìn)行亞組分析,結(jié)果顯示,無(wú)論是否控制混雜因素,
感染均會(huì)增加結(jié)直腸腺瘤的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但兩者差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(
=1.70,
=1.60,
=0.68)(見(jiàn)圖6)。
首要研究終點(diǎn)是
感染和結(jié)直腸腺瘤的相關(guān)性,次要研究終點(diǎn)是根據(jù)研究類(lèi)型、
檢測(cè)方法、國(guó)家發(fā)展水平、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法是否采用多因素分析判斷結(jié)直腸腺瘤的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是否存在差異。
本研究共納入37篇文獻(xiàn)
,病例組54 993例,對(duì)照組272 394例,最終結(jié)果顯示,
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤顯著相關(guān)(
=1
68,95
:1
50~1
88,
<0.01)。
感染會(huì)使結(jié)直腸腺瘤的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加1.68倍,
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤顯著相關(guān)(
=1
68,95
:1
50~1
88,
=36,
<0
00001,
=92%)(見(jiàn)圖2)。
根據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)排除12篇質(zhì)量相對(duì)較低的文獻(xiàn)后再次進(jìn)行分析,合并效應(yīng)量值(
=1
69,95
:1
44~1
99,
<0.01),結(jié)果無(wú)顯著性改變,提示該Meta分析結(jié)果較穩(wěn)健(見(jiàn)圖7)。
大腸桿菌是一種自然界的常在菌,且分布的地點(diǎn)較多,且能夠在動(dòng)物的體表、口腔、糞便等處存在,大腸桿菌的形狀為兩端鈍圓,且不同的種類(lèi)周身生長(zhǎng)著鞭毛,促使其自行運(yùn)動(dòng),這使得動(dòng)物感染大腸桿菌病的幾率增大。春季與冬季為該病的高發(fā)季節(jié),春季與冬季的青菜、綠色植物資料嚴(yán)重缺乏,導(dǎo)致母羊的奶水質(zhì)量下降,從而影響了羔羊的身體素質(zhì),導(dǎo)致大腸桿菌病的發(fā)生,另外,由于大腸桿菌存在于羊圈、養(yǎng)身體中,一些羔羊在剛出生時(shí),還沒(méi)來(lái)得及吃到母乳,便感染了大腸桿菌病,對(duì)羔羊的健康情況造成嚴(yán)重影響。
檢索出英文文獻(xiàn)994篇,中文文獻(xiàn)261篇,手動(dòng)添加2篇,此外還檢索了公開(kāi)灰色數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)為0篇,總共檢索出1 257篇文獻(xiàn),其中重復(fù)文獻(xiàn)305篇。依據(jù)題目和摘要,排除不相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)788篇,其他文獻(xiàn)通過(guò)全文閱讀,排除127篇文獻(xiàn),包括不符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)92篇,非中文核心文獻(xiàn)25篇,不能獲得全文10篇,最終納入37篇文獻(xiàn)(見(jiàn)圖1)。
胰頭腫瘤可因腫瘤直接侵犯胰腺和(或)阻塞胰管,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致PEI的發(fā)生。胰頭腫瘤診斷時(shí)PEI的發(fā)生率為66%,診斷2個(gè)月后PEI發(fā)生率超過(guò)90%[10]。
共327 387例患者被納入此項(xiàng)分析,其中
(+)組54 993例,
(-)組272 394例。37項(xiàng)
研究中,文獻(xiàn)發(fā)表年份從1999年至2020年。發(fā)展中國(guó)家文獻(xiàn)共有20篇
,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家文獻(xiàn)共有17篇
。根據(jù)
檢測(cè)方法分為抗
IgG抗體和其他
檢測(cè)方法(組織學(xué)檢測(cè)、尿素酶試驗(yàn)、呼氣試驗(yàn)),前者12篇
,后者25篇
。根據(jù)研究類(lèi)型有19篇
為病例對(duì)照研究,18篇
為橫斷面研究。根據(jù)是否進(jìn)行多因素分析,其中13篇
進(jìn)行多因素分析,24篇
未進(jìn)行多因素分析。在納入的37項(xiàng)研究中,橫斷面研究按照AHRQ量表評(píng)分,有8篇
高質(zhì)量研究,病例對(duì)照研究按照NOS量表評(píng)分有17篇
高質(zhì)量研究,高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)占比67.6%(25/37)(見(jiàn)表1)。
漏斗圖可見(jiàn)不對(duì)稱(見(jiàn)圖8),再使用Begg法和Egger法進(jìn)行發(fā)表偏倚分析,Egger法顯示差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(
>0.05),但Begg法顯示存在發(fā)表偏倚(
=0.010),又進(jìn)行剪補(bǔ)法,結(jié)果顯示剪補(bǔ)前、剪補(bǔ)后合并統(tǒng)計(jì)量
值均>1,結(jié)論未發(fā)生變化,因此不存在發(fā)表偏倚。
當(dāng)然,以上說(shuō)明案例并不代表我們薦股,而只是僅供大家參考交流與學(xué)習(xí),我們從來(lái)只做策略推薦而不做任何的個(gè)股推薦。
采用RevMan 5.4軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。研究異質(zhì)性采用
統(tǒng)計(jì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)估(若
≤50%,結(jié)果采用固定效應(yīng)模型;若
>50%,表明有較明顯的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)異質(zhì)性,結(jié)果采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型)。對(duì)可能存在的異質(zhì)性來(lái)源,如國(guó)家發(fā)展水平、
檢測(cè)方法、研究類(lèi)型、是否進(jìn)行多因素分析進(jìn)行亞組分析。計(jì)算合并
值及95
,并繪制森林圖。運(yùn)用Stata 15.1軟件和RevMan 5.4軟件評(píng)估發(fā)表偏倚大小。敏感性分析,在排除低質(zhì)量研究后,判斷合并效應(yīng)量的穩(wěn)定性。
本研究對(duì)研究設(shè)計(jì)類(lèi)型、
檢測(cè)方法、國(guó)家發(fā)展水平、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法是否采用多因素分析這4種可能的異質(zhì)性來(lái)源進(jìn)行亞組分析。結(jié)果顯示,僅國(guó)家發(fā)展水平的不同為異質(zhì)性來(lái)源(
=2.12,
=1.40,
=0.003)。此前研究大多對(duì)東西方國(guó)家進(jìn)行亞組分析
。世界胃腸病組織在發(fā)展中國(guó)家
感染的全球指南指出,
的感染率因地理位置、種族、年齡和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的不同而存在很大的差異,發(fā)展中國(guó)家較高,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家較低
。
目前,有許多關(guān)于
感染導(dǎo)致結(jié)直腸腺瘤致病機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)研究和臨床研究,總結(jié)可能有以下5個(gè)主要致病機(jī)制
:(1)
感染導(dǎo)致胃泌素分泌增多
;(2)
感染引起COX-2水平升高
;(3)
毒力因子的作用
;(4)
所致胃或結(jié)直腸炎性反應(yīng)
;(5)
感染導(dǎo)致腸道菌群的改變
。且有研究表明,根除
后可降低結(jié)直腸腺瘤再發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
。劉文靜等
回顧性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),
感染會(huì)使結(jié)直腸腺瘤再發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加2.8倍(
<0.001)。部分研究通過(guò)多因素分析得出,
感染是結(jié)直腸腺瘤再發(fā)的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(
<0.05)
。Hu等
回顧性隊(duì)列研究發(fā)現(xiàn),持續(xù)
感染組與根除
感染組相比,結(jié)直腸腺瘤的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比增加3.04倍(
=3
04,
<0.0001)。
二是加大了抗旱的投入力度。中央安排特大抗旱經(jīng)費(fèi)1.55億元,綜合抗旱資金8億元,提前撥付飲水安全和小農(nóng)水資金63億元。受旱省區(qū)已累計(jì)投入勞力2526萬(wàn)人,投入抗旱資金41.1億元,投入抗旱機(jī)動(dòng)設(shè)備114萬(wàn)臺(tái)套、運(yùn)水車(chē)38萬(wàn)輛次,完成澆地2583萬(wàn)畝。
本研究是至今納入文獻(xiàn)最多、最新的研究,并對(duì)文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格篩選,但也存在局限性。首先,我們僅納入了病例對(duì)照研究和橫斷面研究,未納入隊(duì)列研究,因此,得出的結(jié)論不具有因果關(guān)系,且存在難以避免的偏倚。其次,文獻(xiàn)之間異質(zhì)性大。納入的文獻(xiàn)中,13篇文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了多因素分析,避免了部分混雜因素的干擾,其余24篇僅部分對(duì)于納入人群的特征,如年齡、性別,進(jìn)行了矯正或配對(duì)。但此次研究亞組分析發(fā)現(xiàn),是否進(jìn)行多因素分析并不會(huì)影響結(jié)論。僅國(guó)家發(fā)展水平影響
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤的相關(guān)性。最后,發(fā)表偏倚上,本文納入文獻(xiàn)中有4篇文獻(xiàn)
納入的病例數(shù)<200,小樣本量的研究無(wú)疑會(huì)增加效應(yīng)作用。然而,我們運(yùn)用剪補(bǔ)法來(lái)檢驗(yàn)發(fā)表偏倚發(fā)現(xiàn)合并統(tǒng)計(jì)量未發(fā)生顯著變化。
盡管我們的研究結(jié)論有以上的局限性,我們?nèi)宰C實(shí)
感染與結(jié)直腸腺瘤之間存在相關(guān)性,但更深入的研究還有待于多中心、大樣本、高質(zhì)量的隊(duì)列研究證實(shí)。
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