宋志勇 穆亞敏
摘? 要:高職院校的發(fā)展與高職教育生態(tài)環(huán)境息息相關(guān),高職師資作為高職教育發(fā)展的核心要素,其隊(duì)伍的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展通常為教育生態(tài)環(huán)境所左右。當(dāng)前,醫(yī)學(xué)高職教育已成為我國高等醫(yī)學(xué)教育的重要組成部分,高職醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課教師作為醫(yī)學(xué)專任教師的重要力量,其“雙師型”專業(yè)發(fā)展之路已成為醫(yī)學(xué)師資建設(shè)中亟待關(guān)注的問題?;卺t(yī)學(xué)高職教育生態(tài)學(xué)視角,剖析當(dāng)前高職醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課教師專業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀及制約因素,探討高職醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課教師專業(yè)發(fā)展的方法策略,以期促進(jìn)高職醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課教師的專業(yè)發(fā)展。
關(guān)鍵詞:教育生態(tài)學(xué);高職院校;醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課教師;專業(yè)發(fā)展
中圖分類號:C961? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? ? 文章編號:2096-000X(2021)26-0155-05
Abstract: The development of higher vocational colleges is closely related to the ecological environment of higher vocational education. As the core element of the development of higher vocational education, the stability and development of their teams are usually dominated by the ecological environment of education. At present, medical higher vocational education has become an important component of higher medical education in my country. Higher vocational medical basic course teachers are an important force of full-time medical teachers, and their "double-qualified" professional development has become an urgent concern in the construction of medical teachers. Based on the ecological perspective of medical higher vocational education, this paper analyzes the current status and restrictive factors of the professional development of teachers of basic medical courses in higher vocational education, and discusses the methods and strategies of professional development of teachers of basic medical courses in higher vocational medical education, in order to promote the professional development of teachers of basic medical courses in higher vocational medicine.
Keywords: educational ecology; higher vocational colleges; teachers of basic medical courses; professional development
教育生態(tài)學(xué)是一門具有教育學(xué)和生態(tài)學(xué)雙重學(xué)科屬性的邊緣學(xué)科[1]。生態(tài)學(xué)是研究生物體與其所處周圍環(huán)境之間關(guān)系的一門學(xué)問,而教育生態(tài)學(xué)則是從生態(tài)學(xué)的角度去探討教育領(lǐng)域問題的科學(xué)。教育生態(tài)系統(tǒng)理論指出個(gè)體的生存與發(fā)展離不開環(huán)境,人與環(huán)境之間有著互惠且相互協(xié)調(diào)的關(guān)系,對個(gè)人問題的理解和判定需要從其生存環(huán)境著手[2]。高職教育領(lǐng)域亦如此,高職院校中醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課教師的專業(yè)發(fā)展同樣為教育生態(tài)體系所左右。當(dāng)前高職醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課教師在其發(fā)展過程中面臨個(gè)人定位模糊、發(fā)展動(dòng)力不足、“雙師”率較低等諸多困擾,從教育生態(tài)學(xué)視角觀察和分析這些問題,為醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課教師的專業(yè)發(fā)展提供有益幫助。
一、我國醫(yī)學(xué)高職教育發(fā)展及生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀
我國高職院校出現(xiàn)的相對較晚,1985年《中共中央關(guān)于教育體制改革的決定》的出臺標(biāo)志著我國高等職業(yè)院校真正意義上產(chǎn)生[3]。隨著國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,職業(yè)教育發(fā)展迅猛,呈現(xiàn)超常發(fā)展的態(tài)勢。其中,醫(yī)學(xué)高職教育也呈現(xiàn)出大規(guī)模發(fā)展勢頭。我國的醫(yī)學(xué)高職院校大多是通過中等衛(wèi)生學(xué)校改制、合并、組建、升格而來,也有因?qū)W校發(fā)展需要由高職院校申辦醫(yī)學(xué)教育??茖哟味鴣韀4]。高職醫(yī)學(xué)院校在基層衛(wèi)生人才培養(yǎng)方面發(fā)揮了重要作用,在國家醫(yī)學(xué)教育中占據(jù)半壁江山。改革開放以來,我國的醫(yī)學(xué)高職教育已進(jìn)入規(guī)模化發(fā)展階段[5]。由于招生規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大,醫(yī)學(xué)高職教育顯露出不少問題:生源質(zhì)量整體下降,學(xué)生實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)訓(xùn)相對不足,培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量難以保證,醫(yī)學(xué)師資短缺,特別是醫(yī)學(xué)“雙師型”教師明顯不足,“雙師”建設(shè)嚴(yán)重滯后等情形凸顯出來。
改革開放以來,黨和國家高度重視職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展,出臺了一系列利好職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的政策。2019年2月國務(wù)院頒布實(shí)施的《國家職業(yè)教育改革實(shí)施方案》,在師資建設(shè)方面提到:多措并舉打造“雙師型”教師隊(duì)伍;具體目標(biāo)指出到2022年“雙師型”教師占專業(yè)課教師總數(shù)超過一半。職業(yè)教育和職教師資培養(yǎng)被黨和政府?dāng)[至重要位置,職教專業(yè)師資的跨界能力以及“雙師”屬性逐漸為人們所接受。醫(yī)學(xué)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)崗位與人的生命息息相關(guān),而“人命至重,有貴千金”,因此,醫(yī)學(xué)高職教育對醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)師資的要求更高。醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)師資不僅要具備優(yōu)秀教師的素養(yǎng),而且還要兼?zhèn)漭^強(qiáng)的專業(yè)能力和創(chuàng)新能力。