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血清超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白及肌鈣蛋白I與老年冠心病的相關(guān)性研究

2021-01-28 22:13施穎超楊浩張小英
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2021年33期
關(guān)鍵詞:反應(yīng)蛋白冠心病評(píng)分

施穎超 楊浩 張小英

[摘要] 目的 探討老年冠心病(CHD)患者中血清超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)及肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)濃度與冠心病疾病類型和冠脈病變嚴(yán)重程度的相關(guān)性。方法 選擇2016年1月至2018年1月在寧波市醫(yī)療中心李惠利醫(yī)院行CAG檢查的疑似冠心病老年患者440例,根據(jù)冠脈造影(CAG)結(jié)果分為對(duì)照組(n=70)和冠心病組(n=370)。冠心病組根據(jù)疾病類型分為穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組、不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組、急性心肌梗死組;根據(jù)冠脈狹窄累及的血管數(shù),將其分為單支病變組、雙支病變組和三支病變組;根據(jù)Gensini評(píng)分將其分為冠脈輕度狹窄組、中度狹窄組及重度狹窄組。檢測(cè)并比較各組患者入院時(shí)血清hs-CRP和cTnI濃度。結(jié)果 老年冠心病組不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛的血清hs-CRP濃度顯著高于穩(wěn)定型心絞痛(P<0.05),急性心肌梗死組hs-CRP和cTnI則顯著高于不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組(P<0.05);冠心病組中三支病變組血清hs-CRP和cTnI水平顯著高于雙支、單支病變組(P<0.05),雙支病變組高于單支病變組(P<0.05);冠脈病變Gensini評(píng)分越高,血清hs-CRP和cTnI水平明顯升高(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 血清hs-CRP和cTnI濃度對(duì)不同類型的老年冠心病的診斷及冠脈病變嚴(yán)重程度有一定的預(yù)測(cè)及診斷價(jià)值。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 冠心病;超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白;肌鈣蛋白I;Gensini 評(píng)分

[中圖分類號(hào)] R541.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)33-0027-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between the concentrations of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) in senile patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and the type of CHD and severity of coronary artery disease. Methods A total of 440 senile patients with suspected CHD undergoing coronary angiogram(CAG) examination in Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected. They were divided into the control group (n=70) and the CHD group (n=370) according to the results of CAG. Meanwhile, the CHD group was divided into the stable angina pectoris group, the unstable angina pectoris group and the acute myocardial infarction group according to disease types. It was divided into the single-vessel lesion group, the double-vessel lesion group and the three-vessel lesion group according to the number of blood vessels involved in coronary stenosis. It was divided into the mild coronary stenosis group, the moderate coronary stenosis group and the severe coronary stenosis group according to the Gensini score. The concentrations of serum hs-CRP and cTnI were detected and compared in each group at admission. Results The concentration of serum hs-CRP in senile patients of the unstable angina pectoris group was significantly higher than those of the stable angina pectoris group (P<0.05), while that of the acute myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than that of the unstable angina pectoris group(P<0.05). The concentrations of serum hs-CRP and cTnI in the three-vessel lesion group were significantly higher than those in the double-vessel lesion group and the single-vessel lesion group(P<0.05), and those in the double-vessel lesion group were higher than those in the single-vessel lesion group(P<0.05). The higher Gensini score of coronary artery disease, the higher serum hs-CRP and cTnI levels(P<0.05). Conclusion The concentrations of serum hs-CRP and cTnI have certain predictive and diagnostic value for the diagnosis of different types of CHD and the severity of coronary artery disease.

[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Hypersensitive C-reactive protein; Cardiac troponin I; Gensini score

冠心病是以冠狀動(dòng)脈血管內(nèi)壁發(fā)生動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化為主要病變的一類心血管疾病,冠脈粥樣硬化導(dǎo)致血管不同程度狹窄甚至完全阻塞,從而導(dǎo)致心肌缺血、缺氧或壞死。冠心病是中老年人常見的一種心血管疾病,特別是急性心肌梗死是老年患者發(fā)病率和致死率較高的疾病之一,嚴(yán)重危害著老年人的身體健康。由于冠心病在老年人中發(fā)病隱匿及老年人往往合并較多基礎(chǔ)疾病等特點(diǎn),使得心電圖檢查在診斷冠心病的敏感性(49%~66%)上大打折扣,因此能夠早期識(shí)別老年冠心病患者的發(fā)病及評(píng)估冠脈病變嚴(yán)重程度,從而使老年患者能夠得到及時(shí)的診斷及治療已成為一種迫切需求,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1? 一般資料

選擇2016年1月至2018年1月在寧波市醫(yī)療中心李惠利醫(yī)院行冠脈造影(Coronary angiogram,CAG)檢查的疑似冠心病的老年患者440例,年齡60~82歲。根據(jù)CAG結(jié)果將患者分為對(duì)照組70例(左主干、前降支、回旋支及右冠狀動(dòng)脈均無狹窄)和冠心病組370例。對(duì)照組男39例,女31例,平均年齡(72.34±6.62)歲;冠心病組男282例,女88例,平均年齡(71.23±5.79)歲。根據(jù)冠心病不同分型將患者分為急性心肌梗死組100例、不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組120例、穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組150例;根據(jù)冠脈狹窄病變累及數(shù)目將患者分為三支病變組135例、雙支病變組115例、單支病變組120例;根據(jù)Gensini評(píng)分將患者分為重度狹窄組103例(Gensini 評(píng)分>60分)、中度狹窄組145例(Gensini評(píng)分30~60分)、輕度狹窄組122例(Gensini 評(píng)分<30分)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):凝血功能異常、重度肝腎功能不全、自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病、惡性腫瘤及近期使用糖皮質(zhì)激素者(1個(gè)月內(nèi))。

1.2 方法

入院后患者均在空腹?fàn)顟B(tài)下采集肘靜脈血4 mL,凝固后在4000 r/min下離心10 min,分離血清。血清超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白(Hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)及肌鈣蛋白I(Cardiac troponin I,cTnI)濃度檢測(cè)采用南京基蛋生物公司FIA 8600 免疫定量分析儀。在住院1周內(nèi)對(duì)患者行冠脈造影術(shù),均采用Judkins法,即經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈入路進(jìn)行穿刺,再采用多個(gè)投影體位對(duì)冠脈病變程度進(jìn)行觀測(cè),并采用目測(cè)法判斷冠脈病變程度。

1.3觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

采用Gensini評(píng)分評(píng)價(jià)冠脈狹窄程度。Gensini評(píng)分:冠脈狹窄程度評(píng)分×冠脈病變部位的評(píng)分總和;冠脈狹窄程度評(píng)分:1%~25%對(duì)應(yīng)1分,26%~50%對(duì)應(yīng)2分,51%~75%對(duì)應(yīng)4分,76%~90%對(duì)應(yīng)8分,91%~99%對(duì)應(yīng)16分,100%對(duì)應(yīng)32分。冠脈病變部位評(píng)分:左主干對(duì)應(yīng)5分,左前降支或左回旋支近段對(duì)應(yīng)2.5分,左前降支中段對(duì)應(yīng)1.5分,左前降支遠(yuǎn)段、左回旋支中遠(yuǎn)段、右冠狀動(dòng)脈、第一對(duì)角支對(duì)應(yīng)1分,其他小分支對(duì)應(yīng)0.5分[1]。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用方差分析。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果判定均采用雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 各組患者h(yuǎn)s-CRP與cTnI水平比較

穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組的hs-CRP高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);急性心肌梗死組的hs-CRP與cTnI顯著高于對(duì)照組、不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組及穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。

2.2 不同冠脈支數(shù)hs-CRP與cTnI水平比較

在冠心病組中,隨著病變冠脈支數(shù)的增加,血清cTnI和hs-CRP水平顯著增加,各組間比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。

2.3 冠心病組中Gensini 積分嚴(yán)重程度與血清hs-CRP、cTnI的關(guān)系

在冠心病組中,冠狀動(dòng)脈病變Gensini積分越高,血清hs-CRP 與cTnI水平越高,各組間比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

3 討論

老年冠心病特別是急性心肌梗死發(fā)病后可在短時(shí)間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)較多并發(fā)癥,包括惡性心律失常、急性心力衰竭及猝死,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生命健康[2-3];老年冠心病累及多支冠脈病變及病變程度嚴(yán)重者預(yù)后則不佳,因而及時(shí)鑒別高?;颊咧陵P(guān)重要,對(duì)于不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛、急性心肌梗死及嚴(yán)重冠脈病變患者采取密切監(jiān)護(hù),及時(shí)治療,可大大提高患者的生存率及改善患者的預(yù)后。

目前越來越多的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),炎癥在冠心病和急性心肌梗死的發(fā)生和發(fā)展中起著非常重要的作用[4]。hs-CRP是一種參與機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)的急性時(shí)相反應(yīng)蛋白,具有極高的敏感性,其主要通過激活補(bǔ)體反應(yīng)、促進(jìn)細(xì)胞吞噬及機(jī)體免疫調(diào)控等途徑參與炎癥反應(yīng),在粥樣硬化斑塊由穩(wěn)定向不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的過程中起著決定性作用[5-6]。有研究顯示[7-10],hs-CRP的異常升高與急性心肌梗死和心源性猝死發(fā)生有關(guān),可作為預(yù)測(cè)冠心病發(fā)生的獨(dú)立指標(biāo)。Abhnshi等學(xué)者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者及健康人群中的hs-CRP水平明顯低于不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛和急性心肌梗死患者,提示hs-CRP水平高低可能與斑塊破裂與否相關(guān)[11-12]。另有學(xué)者報(bào)道,健康人群遠(yuǎn)期發(fā)生急性心肌梗死比率與其血清hs-CRP水平呈顯著正相關(guān)性,即隨著健康人群中血清hs-CRP水平越高,其遠(yuǎn)期發(fā)生急性心肌梗死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越高[13-14]。Ko等[15]在一項(xiàng)為期3年余的隨訪研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),血清hs-CRP水平與冠脈斑塊負(fù)荷及穩(wěn)定型心絞痛的Gensini評(píng)分具有一定關(guān)聯(lián),而且該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)hs-CRP水平越高,則心血管不良事件發(fā)生率越高[16]。此外,有學(xué)者通過冠狀動(dòng)脈血管內(nèi)超聲對(duì)斑塊進(jìn)行評(píng)估研究發(fā)現(xiàn),hs-CRP水平與斑塊長度呈正相關(guān),且hs-CRP水平與斑塊中的壞死組織比例相關(guān)[17-18]。

cTnI是一種收縮調(diào)節(jié)蛋白,其主要存在于心肌肌原纖維,血清cTnI濃度在正常情況下處于極低的水平,當(dāng)機(jī)體心肌細(xì)胞在各種病因引起的缺氧、缺血情況下被破壞時(shí),其中cTnI即持續(xù)快速的釋放入血,使得心肌損傷后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)其血清濃度將持續(xù)升高,可達(dá)正常情況下的數(shù)百倍,對(duì)心肌損傷具有極高的敏感性及特異性,因此cTnI水平能診斷患者的心肌損傷程度,在臨床已視為急性心肌梗死的診斷金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[19-20]。

本研究選取了老年冠心病患者發(fā)現(xiàn),血清hs-CRP和cTnI在老年冠心病的疾病類型中有顯著差異,不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛hs-CRP顯著高于穩(wěn)定型心絞痛,急性心肌梗死則顯著高于不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛。血清hs-CRP和cTnI與老年冠心病病變支數(shù)及病變嚴(yán)重程度密切相關(guān),隨著冠脈病變支數(shù)增加,hs-CRP和cTnI水平顯著增加,雙支病變組高于單支病變組,三支病變組則顯著高于雙支病變組。同時(shí)冠脈病變 Gensini 評(píng)分越高,血清hs-CRP和cTnI水平越高,提示hs-CRP和cTnI有助于預(yù)測(cè)冠脈病變程度。因此在老年胸痛疑似冠心病患者中,要及時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)hs-CRP和cTnI的濃度及變化趨勢(shì),高度重視hs-CRP和cTnI明顯升高者,及時(shí)診斷,積極治療,密切監(jiān)護(hù),改善預(yù)后。

綜上所述,血清hs-CRP水平增高可以反映冠心病患者炎癥反應(yīng)和組織損傷,而cTn I增高則反映冠心病患者心肌缺血損傷,hs-CRP和cTn I的聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)不同類型的老年冠心病患者的病變范圍及病情嚴(yán)重程度在臨床診斷上有較高的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,對(duì)臨床治療和預(yù)后判斷有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。

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(收稿日期:2021-01-21)

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