杜典 劉芬
摘要:測(cè)定比較了以二年生蘋(píng)果砧木山定子與隴東海棠盆栽幼苗正常供水和中度干旱脅迫下的葉片丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游離脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性。結(jié)果表明,隨著干旱脅迫時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),2種植物的丙二醛、可溶性糖、游離脯氨酸和過(guò)氧化物酶活性持續(xù)上升,且在整個(gè)脅迫過(guò)程中2種植物間差異顯著;可溶性蛋白含量則不斷降低,且于第7 d后差異顯著。中度干旱脅迫下,超氧化物歧化酶和過(guò)氧化氫酶活性于脅迫第7 d達(dá)到最大值,隨后不斷下降,表明2種植物前期對(duì)活性氧的清除能力較強(qiáng),隨脅迫時(shí)間加長(zhǎng)其抗氧化能力減弱。綜合分析,山定子的抗旱能力強(qiáng)于隴東海棠。
關(guān)鍵詞:蘋(píng)果砧木;中度干旱脅迫;滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì);抗氧化酶
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S661.1? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? 文章編號(hào):1001-1463(2020)08-0064-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.08.016
Abstract:The effects of normal water supply and moderate drought stress on malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity of two-year apple rootstocks Malus baccata and Malus kansuensis were studied. The results showed that the activities of malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, free proline and peroxidase of the two rootstocks increased continuously with the prolongation of drought stress, and the differences between the two varieties were significant during the whole stress process, while the content of soluble protein decreased continuously, and the differences between the two varieties were significant after the 7th day. Under moderate drought stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase reached the maximum value on the 7th day of stress, and then decreased continuously, indicating that the scavenging ability of active oxygen in the early stage of two rootstocks was higher, and its antioxidant ability decreased with the increase of stress time. According to the comprehensive analysis, the drought resistance of apple rootstock Malus baccata is stronger than Malus kansuensis.
Key words:Apple rootstock;Moderate drought stress;Osmoregulation substance;Antioxidant enzymes
水資源的匱乏是導(dǎo)致植物遭受干旱脅迫的主要原因。當(dāng)干旱脅迫發(fā)生,植物正常的生理代謝活動(dòng)發(fā)生紊亂,可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)體內(nèi)生理生化物質(zhì)含量來(lái)減輕環(huán)境脅迫帶來(lái)的傷害[1 - 2 ]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),干旱脅迫加速了蘋(píng)果葉片中活性氧的產(chǎn)生速率,使得丙二醛和抗氧化酶活性顯著增加[3 ]。同時(shí),干旱脅迫抑制了植物葉片細(xì)胞膜系統(tǒng)的正常生理活動(dòng),導(dǎo)致葉片失水,細(xì)胞內(nèi)有機(jī)與無(wú)機(jī)物質(zhì)濃度升高,從而維持細(xì)胞膨壓以減緩失水。
蘋(píng)果是甘肅隴東地區(qū)的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)樹(shù)種之一,其栽培區(qū)所處位置均為干旱、半干旱地區(qū),灌溉條件差,對(duì)蘋(píng)果的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育產(chǎn)生極大影響。砧木是蘋(píng)果樹(shù)體生長(zhǎng)的根基,其抗旱能力的強(qiáng)弱直接決定蘋(píng)果樹(shù)體的生長(zhǎng),在干旱、半干旱地區(qū)蘋(píng)果生產(chǎn)中具有重要的實(shí)踐意義。我們以2年生蘋(píng)果砧木山定子與隴東海棠盆栽幼苗為材料,研究了中度干旱脅迫對(duì)其滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量與抗氧化酶活性的影響,以期為蘋(píng)果砧木幼苗的規(guī)范化管理提供理論依據(jù)。
1? ?材料與方法
1.1? ?供試材料與試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
2018年3 — 9月,選取二年生山定子與隴東海棠盆栽幼苗進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。每盆栽植1株,盆栽基質(zhì)采用草炭、蛭石與腐熟羊糞按體積比為1∶1∶1混合而成,均放置于簡(jiǎn)易溫室中,自然光照,生長(zhǎng)期溫度5~30 ℃。試驗(yàn)開(kāi)始前正常澆水管理。于2018年7月中旬,選擇山定子(SD)與隴東海棠(LD)生長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)一致的幼苗各40株進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)處理。采用稱重法控制基質(zhì)含水量,每隔1 d于18:00時(shí)稱重補(bǔ)水。共設(shè)置2個(gè)水分處理:處理1為正常澆水處理(CK),即保持基質(zhì)含水量至最大持水量的75%~85%;處理2為中度干旱脅迫處理(M),即保持基質(zhì)含水量至最大持水量的45%~55%。分別于處理后0、3、7、14、21 d采取葉片測(cè)定指標(biāo)。3次重復(fù)。