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骨髓纖維化與非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓病理學(xué)特征及預(yù)后

2020-09-29 07:47吳春萌崔渤莉費(fèi)海榮劉曉丹孫玲潔趙春亭
關(guān)鍵詞:淋巴瘤

吳春萌 崔渤莉 費(fèi)海榮 劉曉丹 孫玲潔 趙春亭

[摘要] 目的 探討骨髓纖維化(MF)與非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)病人的骨髓病理特征及其對(duì)預(yù)后影響。方法對(duì)215例NHL病人(其中96例合并MF)的臨床資料回顧分析,觀察病人骨髓病理學(xué)特點(diǎn),比較合并與未合并MF病人治療6個(gè)周期緩解率、總生存率(OS)及無疾病進(jìn)展生存率(PFS)的差異。結(jié)果 Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期NHL病人較Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期更易合并MF(Z=-2.548,P<0.05)。合并MF的NHL病人脾大例數(shù)較未合并MF的NHL病人多,兩組比較差異有顯著性(χ2=13.019,P<0.05)。合并MF病人化療后3~4度骨髓抑制發(fā)生率較未合并MF者高(Z=-3.413,P<0.05)。合并和未合并MF的NHL病人治療6周期完全緩解率差異無顯著性(χ2=0.261,P>0.05)。壽命表分析顯示,合并MF的NHL病人1、2、3年P(guān)FS及OS分別為83%、68%、55%和86%、85%、60%,未合并MF的NHL病人的1、2、3年P(guān)FS及OS分別為94%、81%、81%和96%、95%、95%,兩組OS及PFS比較差異有顯著性(χ2=6.077、5.443,P<0.05)。COX回歸生存分析顯示,合并MF是影響淋巴瘤病人OS(RR=0.357,95%CI=0.136~0.933,P<0.05)和PFS (RR=0.459,95%CI=0.239~0.884,P<0.05)的獨(dú)立不良預(yù)后因素。結(jié)論 MF是NHL病人預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素,合并MF可降低NHL病人的PFS及OS,可能與化療后嚴(yán)重骨髓抑制引起早期死亡有關(guān)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 淋巴瘤,非霍奇金;原發(fā)性骨髓纖維化;預(yù)后

[中圖分類號(hào)] R733.4 ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A ?[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2020)05-0544-05

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.145 [開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]

[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the pathological features of bone marrow in patients with myelofibrosis (MF) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and their influence on prognosis. ?Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 215 patients with NHL, among whom 96 patients had MF, and the pathological features of bone marrow were observed. Complete response (CR) rate, overall survival (OS) rate, and progression-free survival (PFS) rate were compared between the patients with MF and those without MF after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. ?Results The patients with stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ NHL were more likely to experience MF than those with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ NHL (Z=-2.548,P<0.05). Compared with patients without secondary myelofibrosis, there are more symptoms of splenomegaly in patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma with secondary myelofibrosis, the difference between the two is significant (χ2=13.019,P<0.05). The patients with MF had a significantly higher incidence rate of grade 3-4 myelosuppression than those without MF (Z=-3.413,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CR rate after 6 cycles of treatment between NHL patients with MF and those without MF (χ2=0.261,P>0.05). The life table analysis showed that in the NHL patients with MF, the 1, 2, and 3 year PFS rates were 83%, 68%, and 55%, respectively, and the 1, 2, and 3 year OS rates were 86%, 85%, and 60%, respectively; in the NHL patients without MF, the 1, 2, and 3 year PFS rates were 94%, 81%, and 81%, respectively, and the 1, 2, and 3 year OS rates were 96%, 95%, and 95%, respectively; there were significant differences in OS and PFS rates between the two groups (χ2=6.077,5.443;P<0.05). The Cox regression survival analysis showed that in patients with NHL, MF was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (RR=0.357,95%CI=0.136-0.933,P<0.05) and PFS (RR=0.459,95%CI=0.239-0.884,P<0.05). ?Conclusion MF is a risk factor for the prognosis of patients with NHL and can shorten PFS and OS of patients with NHL, which may be associated with early death caused by severe myelosuppression after chemotherapy.

[KEY WORDS] lymphoma, non-Hodgkin; primary myelofibrosis; prognosis

非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)是一組異質(zhì)性很大的淋巴增殖性疾病,絕大多數(shù)的NHL表現(xiàn)為淋巴結(jié)和(或)髓外淋巴組織受累。隨著NHL的進(jìn)展,逐漸出現(xiàn)骨髓侵犯。而合并骨髓纖維化(MF)是否會(huì)對(duì)NHL的預(yù)后有影響,目前國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究較少。本研究通過對(duì)NHL伴有MF病人的臨床病理特征及其與預(yù)后的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析,探討NHL合并MF對(duì)疾病的預(yù)后影響,為其治療提供循證醫(yī)學(xué)依據(jù)。

1 資料和方法

1.1 研究對(duì)象

收集我院2016年6月—2018年6月收治的215例NHL病人的臨床資料。所有病人化療后骨髓抑制分度按照WHO規(guī)定的抗腫瘤藥物急性與亞急性毒副作用中血液學(xué)的分度標(biāo)準(zhǔn);MF分級(jí)采用歐洲MF分級(jí)共識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1],MF-1級(jí)及以上即可判斷為MF;淋巴瘤分類按照2019年WHO淋巴瘤分類[2]。NHL合并MF(A組)的96例病人中,前驅(qū)淋巴性腫瘤(T淋巴母細(xì)胞淋巴瘤)1例,成熟B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤74例(其中彌漫大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤49例,濾泡性淋巴瘤9例,結(jié)外黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織邊緣帶B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤5例,淋巴漿細(xì)胞淋巴瘤3例,結(jié)內(nèi)邊緣帶B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤及套細(xì)胞淋巴瘤各2例,脾邊緣帶淋巴瘤1例,未明確分型B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤3例),成熟T/NK細(xì)胞淋巴瘤21例(血管免疫母細(xì)胞T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤6例,外周T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤6例,結(jié)外NK/T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤5例,ALK陽性間變性大細(xì)胞淋巴瘤和ALK陰性間變性大細(xì)胞淋巴瘤各2例)。NHL非合并MF(B組)病人119例。所有病人診斷和治療均符合2018年版淋巴瘤診療規(guī)范[3]。

1.2 骨髓涂片和病理標(biāo)本制備

骨髓涂片和骨髓活檢標(biāo)本取材于病人髂前上棘或髂后上棘,在采集骨髓液涂片同時(shí)取骨髓活組織送檢,骨髓涂片采用瑞氏-吉姆薩染色,骨髓活檢組織切片采用蘇木精-吉姆薩-酸性品紅(HGF)染色,觀察病人骨髓病理學(xué)特點(diǎn)。

1.3 治療及隨訪

病人的治療采用以CHOP(環(huán)磷酰胺+長春新堿+表柔比星+潑尼松)為基礎(chǔ)的方案化療,平均治療6周期。所有病人均通過門診或電話隨訪至2018年12月,總生存時(shí)間為疾病確診時(shí)間至死亡或隨訪結(jié)束。收集病人性別、年齡、分期、病理分類、MF分級(jí)、血常規(guī)、基因檢測(cè)、治療方案、化療后骨髓抑制程度及轉(zhuǎn)歸等指標(biāo)。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,分期及骨髓抑制程度比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn),率的比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn),生存率分析采用壽命表法,單因素生存分析采用Log-rank檢驗(yàn),多因素分析采用COX回歸生存分析。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié) ?果

2.1 合并MF的NHL病人的臨床及病理特征

本文215例NHL病人中,男120例,女95例;年齡17~85歲,平均(57±13)歲。NHL分型:B細(xì)胞來源162例(75.3%),T細(xì)胞來源32例(14.9%),NK細(xì)胞來源21例(9.8%)。臨床分期(Ann Arbor分期):Ⅰ期34例(15.8%),Ⅱ期41例(19.1%),Ⅲ期38例(17.7%),Ⅳ期102例(47.4%)。合并MF的NHL病人有96例,其中27例(28.1%)脾大;未合并MF的NHL病人有119例,其中11例(9.2%)脾大,兩組脾大例數(shù)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=13.019,P<0.05)。合并MF的NHL病人中,81例病人骨髓增生活躍或明顯活躍,15例病人增生欠活躍或增生低下,表現(xiàn)為粒系增生正常,以中、晚期粒細(xì)胞為主;紅系增生正常,以中、晚幼紅細(xì)胞為主;分裂象可見,成熟紅細(xì)胞大小不一。合并MF的NHL病人骨髓活檢可見纖維組織不同程度增生,MF-1級(jí)78例(81.2%),MF-2級(jí)為16例(16.7%),MF-3級(jí)2例(2.1%)。

2.2 是否合并MF的NHL病人分期與分型比較

各分期NHL病人均可合并MF,Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期NHL病人75例,其中26例(34.7%)合并MF;Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期NHL病人140例,其中70例(50.0%)合并MF,Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期較Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期更易合并MF,二者比較差異有顯著性(Z=-2.548,P<0.05)。215例NHL病人中,彌漫大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤112例,其中合并MF者49例(43.7%);濾泡性淋巴瘤16例,其中合并MF者9例(56.3%);結(jié)外NK/T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤21例,其中合并MF者5例(23.8%),3種病理類型病人合并MF差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.314,P>0.05)。各種病理類型NHL均可合并MF,B細(xì)胞、T細(xì)胞、NK細(xì)胞來源NHL合并MF差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。見表1、2。

2.3 是否合并MF的NHL病人治療緩解率及骨髓抑制程度比較

本文215例NHL病人治療6周期后,合并MF的NHL病人達(dá)到完全緩解33例(34.4%),未合并MF的NHL病人達(dá)到完全緩解37例(31.1%),兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.261,P>0.05)。合并MF的彌漫大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤病人達(dá)到完全緩解23例(46.9%),未合并MF的彌漫大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤病人達(dá)到完全緩解22例(34.9%),兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=1.656,P>0.05);合并MF的B細(xì)胞來源淋巴瘤病人達(dá)到完全緩解33例(44.6%),未合并MF的B細(xì)胞來源淋巴瘤病人達(dá)到完全緩解34例(38.6%),兩組比較差異也無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.588,P>0.05)。

本文96例合并MF的NHL病人中,出現(xiàn)0~2度骨髓抑制23例(24.0%),3~4度骨髓抑制73例(76.0%);119例未合并MF的NHL病人中,出現(xiàn)0~2度骨髓抑制48例(40.3%),3~4度骨髓抑制71例(59.7%),合并MF的NHL病人更易發(fā)生較嚴(yán)重骨髓抑制,二者比較差異均具有顯著意義(Z=-3.413,P<0.05)。見表3。

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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))

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