孫峰 于騰波 劉金鑫 張益 寇建強(qiáng) 鄭修軍
[摘要] 目的 分析頸椎前路椎間盤切除減壓植骨融合術(shù)(ACDF)治療單節(jié)段頸椎病術(shù)后鄰近節(jié)段退變(ASD)的發(fā)病率及危險因素。方法 回顧性分析2015年7月—2017年12月于我科行ACDF治療單節(jié)段頸椎病病人60例的臨床及影像學(xué)資料。結(jié)果 術(shù)后隨訪2年,按照影像學(xué)評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),ASD的發(fā)病率為23.3%(14/60)。ASD組和無退變組病人性別、椎管直徑比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);ASD組病人年齡大于無退變組,術(shù)后Cobb角和鋼板距鄰近椎間隙之間的距離(PDD)均小于無退變組,差異有顯著意義(t=-8.12~2.83,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 手術(shù)時年齡與ASD的發(fā)病率相關(guān),PDD過小、頸椎生理曲度恢復(fù)不佳會導(dǎo)致ASD的發(fā)生。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 脊柱融合術(shù);頸椎;椎間盤切除術(shù);椎間盤退行性變;影響因素分析
[中圖分類號] R687.3;R681.5 ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A ?[文章編號] 2096-5532(2020)05-0520-03
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.164 [開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID)]
[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the incidence rate of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for single-segment cervical spondylosis and related risk factors. ?Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical and imaging data of 60 patients with single-segment cervical spondylosis who underwent ACDF in our department from July 2015 to December 2017. ?Results After 2 years of follow-up, the incidence rate of ASD was 23.3% (14/60) according to imaging evaluation criteria. There were no significant differences in sex and spinal canal diameter between the ASD group and the non-ASD group (P>0.05), and compared with the non-ASD group, the ASD group had a significantly older age and a significantly lower postoperative Cobb angle and plate-to-disc distance (PDD) (t=-8.12 to 2.83,P<0.05). ?Conclusion Age at the time of surgery is correlated with the incidence rate of AS, and small PDD and poor recovery of cervical physiolo-gical curvature can cause ASD.
[KEY WORDS] spinal fusion; cervical vertebrae; diskectomy; intervertebral disc degeneration; root cause analysis
頸椎病是脊柱外科常見疾病,頸椎前路椎間盤切除減壓融合術(shù)(ACDF)是治療頸椎病的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)式,術(shù)后頸椎生物力學(xué)的改變,加速了相鄰椎間盤退變的進(jìn)程,術(shù)后發(fā)生鄰近節(jié)段退變(ASD)是ACDF術(shù)后的遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥之一,也是造成ACDF術(shù)后翻修的一個常見原因。本文對ACDF治療頸椎病病人進(jìn)行隨訪,探討ASD發(fā)病率及主要的影響因素。現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報告如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
2015年7月—2017年12月,選取在我院進(jìn)行ACDF手術(shù)、采用鈦板聯(lián)合Cage固定方式治療頸椎病病人60例,男33例,女27例;年齡44~77歲,平均(61.68±6.66)歲。術(shù)前診斷均為脊髓型或神經(jīng)根型頸椎病。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①明確診斷為頸椎病病人;②行頸前路單節(jié)段減壓鈦板聯(lián)合Cage融合內(nèi)固定術(shù)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)前鄰近節(jié)段發(fā)生嚴(yán)重退變;②術(shù)后發(fā)生嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
取右側(cè)頸部橫切口,逐層暴露,將氣管、食管與頸部動脈鞘分離,縱行切開氣管前筋膜,并將氣管、食管牽向左側(cè),暴露椎前筋膜。在椎間隙插入定位針,C型臂X線透視定位椎間隙,安放撐開螺釘,放置頸椎自動撐開器以恢復(fù)頸椎曲度及椎間隙高度;尖刀片切開椎間盤,刮除責(zé)任椎間盤至上下軟骨終板。充分減壓,椎間隙植入大小合適Cage一枚,前方放置鈦板,加壓固定,放置引流管后逐層縫合。
1.3 ASD診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
病人術(shù)前、末次隨訪均行頸椎正、側(cè)位X線及MRI檢查。根據(jù)既往文獻(xiàn),參考PARK等[1]對鄰近節(jié)段骨化的分級方法及MIYAZAKI等[2]建立的基于頸椎間盤MRI表現(xiàn)的退變評價系統(tǒng),ASD的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下:①鄰近椎體有明顯骨贅形成;②鄰近椎間隙明顯變窄;③MRI上鄰近椎間隙呈低信號且明顯塌陷;④MRI上鄰近椎間盤突出壓迫硬膜囊。以上條件滿足其一即診斷為ASD。
[2] MIYAZAKI M, HONG S W, YOON S H, et al. Reliability of a magnetic resonance imaging-based grading system for cervical intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, 2008,21(4):288-292.
[3] HILIBRAND A S, CARLSON G D, PALUMBO M A, et al. Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis[J]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.American Volume, 1999,81(4):519-528.
[4] CHUNG J Y, PARK J B, SEO H Y, et al. Adjacent segment pathology after anterior cervical fusion[J]. Asian Spine Journal, 2016,10(3):582-592.
[5] SONG K J, CHOI B W, JEON T S, et al. Adjacent segment degenerative disease:is it due to disease progression or a fusion-associated phenomenon? Comparison between segments adjacent to the fused and non-fused segments[J]. European Spine Journal, 2011,20(11):1940-1945.
[6] KATSUURA A, HUKUDA S, SARUHASHI Y, et al. Kyphotic malalignment after anterior cervical fusion is one of the factors promoting the degenerative process in adjacent intervertebral levels[J]. European Spine Journal, 2001,10(4):320-324.
[7] 阿海,關(guān)炳瑜,李懷瑋,等. 發(fā)育性頸椎管狹窄與頸椎前路融合術(shù)后鄰近節(jié)段退變的關(guān)系分析[J]. 頸腰痛雜志, 2018,39(4):525-526.
(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))