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替吉奧聯(lián)合奈達(dá)鉑作為Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后輔助治療方案的臨床研究

2020-09-02 06:38林恒臧煥平朱金秀
中外醫(yī)學(xué)研究 2020年16期
關(guān)鍵詞:替吉奧

林恒 臧煥平 朱金秀

【摘要】 目的:探討替吉奧聯(lián)合奈達(dá)鉑作為Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后輔助治療方案的療效和安全性。方法:選擇2017年3-9月筆者所在醫(yī)院收治的60例Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后患者為研究對(duì)象,將其隨機(jī)分為試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組30例。試驗(yàn)組接受替吉奧聯(lián)合奈達(dá)鉑輔助治療。對(duì)照組接受吉西他濱聯(lián)合奈達(dá)鉑輔助治療。比較兩組2年無復(fù)發(fā)生存率(RFS)、安全性。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)組2年RFS為46.7%,對(duì)照組2年RFS為50.0%,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(HR=1.137,95%CI:0.625,2.068,P=0.675)。血液學(xué)毒性方面,對(duì)照組貧血和血小板減少癥發(fā)生率分別為36.7%、30.0%,均顯著高于試驗(yàn)組的3.3%、6.7%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。非血液學(xué)毒性方面,對(duì)照組疲勞和惡心嘔吐發(fā)生率分別為26.7%、33.3%,均明顯高于試驗(yàn)組的3.3%,10.0%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:作為Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后輔助治療方案,替吉奧聯(lián)合奈達(dá)鉑療法不劣效于吉西他濱聯(lián)合奈達(dá)鉑療法,不良反應(yīng)低,可作為Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后輔助治療的一種選擇。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 替吉奧 奈達(dá)鉑 肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌 術(shù)后輔助治療

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.16.006 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2020)16-00-04

The Clinical Research on Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium Combined with Nedaplatin as Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy for Stage Ⅱ to Ⅲa Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung/LIN Heng, ZANG Huanping, ZHU Jinxiu. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(16): -19

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium combined with Nedaplatin as postoperative adjuvant therapy for stage Ⅱ to Ⅲa squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Method: Sixty cases for stage Ⅱ to Ⅲa postoperative patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung admitted in our hospital from March to September 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 30 cases in each group. The experimental group was treated with Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium combined with Nedaplatin. The control group was treated with Gemcitabine combined with Nedaplatin. Two year recurrence free survival (RFS) and safety were compared between the two groups. Result: The RFS rate at 2 years was 46.7% in the experimental group and 50.0% in the control group. There was no significant difference between two group (HR=1.137, 95%CI: 0.625, 2.068, P=0.675). In terms of hematological toxicity, the incidence rates of anemia and thrombocytopenia in the control group were 36.7% and 30.0%, respectively, which were both significantly higher than 3.3% and 6.7% in the experimental group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In terms of non-hematological toxicity, the incidence of fatigue, nausea and vomiting in the control group was 26.7% and 33.3%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 3.3% and 10.0% in the experimental group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: As an adjuvant therapy for stage Ⅱ to Ⅲa squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium combined with Nedaplatin is not inferior to Gemcitabine combined with Nedaplatin, with low side effects, which can be used as an alternative for adjuvant therapy for stage Ⅱ to Ⅲa squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

[Key words] Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium Nedaplatin Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung Postoperative adjuvant therapy

First-authors address: Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fuzhou 350008, China

非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)約占原發(fā)性肺癌的85%,這是全球癌癥相關(guān)死亡的主要原因[1-2]。手術(shù)被認(rèn)為是早期NSCLC最有效的治療方式。但是,完全手術(shù)切除的Ⅱ或Ⅲa期NSCLC的5年生存率也低于50%[3-4]。即使術(shù)后輔以順鉑為基礎(chǔ)的輔助治療,LACE研究顯示,納入4 584例患者,5年的絕對(duì)生存獲益僅為5.4%(HR=0.89,95%CI:0.82,0.96)[5],并且還伴隨著少數(shù)與化療毒性相關(guān)的死亡。奈達(dá)鉑降低了順鉑的諸如胃腸道和腎臟的毒性,無須水化。一項(xiàng)Ⅲ期隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究顯示,與順鉑相比,奈達(dá)鉑對(duì)肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌具有更強(qiáng)的療效[6]。對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)移性肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌患者,奈達(dá)鉑已成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方法。因此,本研究選擇了以奈達(dá)鉑為基礎(chǔ)方案進(jìn)行輔助化療。替吉奧屬第3代5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)衍生物類抗癌藥物,改善5-FU的腫瘤選擇性細(xì)胞毒性,同時(shí)通過添加調(diào)節(jié)劑來降低胃腸道毒性,不良反應(yīng)輕,患者能夠在門診接受治療,維持良好的生活質(zhì)量。目前其在晚期NSCLC一線治療及可手術(shù)切除的NSCLC輔助化療中的臨床療效,正被各種回顧性研究或隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)所證實(shí)[7-16]。其中一項(xiàng)Ⅲ期臨床試驗(yàn)表明,替吉奧加順鉑對(duì)于晚期NSCLC的療效不遜于多西他賽加順鉑[7-8]。另外,幾項(xiàng)NSCLC術(shù)后輔助治療的研究初步證實(shí)了替吉奧的療效和可行性[9-11]。這些結(jié)果表明,對(duì)已切除的NSCLC使用替吉奧聯(lián)合鉑類進(jìn)行輔助治療可能與第三代抗癌藥加鉑類具有相似的療效。在此背景下,筆者進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究,以明確與吉西他濱加奈達(dá)鉑相比,替吉奧加奈達(dá)鉑作為完全切除的肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后輔助化療方案的療效和安全性,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

連續(xù)選擇2017年3-9月完全切除的Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞術(shù)后于筆者所在醫(yī)院接受輔助化療的患者。疾病分期根據(jù)美國(guó)癌癥聯(lián)合委員會(huì)(AJCC)TNM分期(第7版)定義[17]。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡≥18歲且<70歲;手術(shù)完全切除后經(jīng)病理證實(shí)為Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌;體能狀態(tài)(PS)評(píng)分為0~1分;預(yù)期存活時(shí)間超過12個(gè)月,且無嚴(yán)重的器官功能障礙。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)在本研究前5年內(nèi)曾確診或治療過其他惡性腫瘤;(2)在本研究入組前接受過系統(tǒng)性抗腫瘤治療,包括化療、放療或靶向治療(包括但不限于單克隆抗體、小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制劑等);(3)患者各器官系統(tǒng)狀況不符合要求?;颊吆炇鸨狙芯恐橥鈺?。本研究方案獲得本機(jī)構(gòu)倫理審查委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。使用計(jì)算機(jī)將其隨機(jī)分為試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組30例。兩組患者基線資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性,見表1。

1.2 方法

計(jì)劃在手術(shù)后3~8周開始輔助治療。試驗(yàn)組給藥方案為替吉奧40 mg/m2,2次/d,連續(xù)口服21 d;奈達(dá)鉑80 mg/m2靜脈滴注,第8天;35 d為1個(gè)周期。對(duì)照組給藥方案為吉西他濱1 000 mg/m2靜脈滴注,第1天及第8天;奈達(dá)鉑80 mg/m2靜脈滴注,第2天;21 d為1個(gè)周期。兩組均連續(xù)給藥4個(gè)周期或在腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移或出現(xiàn)難以耐受的毒性反應(yīng)時(shí)終止給藥。所有患者在化療前接受基線測(cè)量,包括手術(shù)后肺部及各常見轉(zhuǎn)移部位情況[通過計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描(CT)或磁共振成像(MRI)測(cè)量],血常規(guī),肝腎功能和腫瘤標(biāo)志物測(cè)試?;熎陂g每2個(gè)周期重復(fù)進(jìn)行血液檢查及手術(shù)后肺部及各常見轉(zhuǎn)移部位影像學(xué)檢查?;熃Y(jié)束后,以每3個(gè)月進(jìn)行胸部和腹部CT、骨掃描及頭顱MRI。復(fù)發(fā)根據(jù)影像學(xué)檢查結(jié)果診斷。此外,當(dāng)患者主訴任何癥狀或在血液檢查中腫瘤標(biāo)志物升高時(shí),也將進(jìn)行影像學(xué)檢查。本方案治療完成或終止后,除非患者腫瘤復(fù)發(fā),否則不允許對(duì)原發(fā)疾病進(jìn)行其他輔助化療或放療。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

主要研究終點(diǎn)為2年無復(fù)發(fā)生存率(RFS),次要研究終點(diǎn)為安全性。根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥研究所常見毒性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(不良事件常見術(shù)語標(biāo)準(zhǔn),版本3.0)對(duì)不良反應(yīng)進(jìn)行分級(jí)。Ⅰ=輕度不良反應(yīng),Ⅱ=中度不良反應(yīng),Ⅲ=重度不良反應(yīng),Ⅳ=有生命危險(xiǎn)或?qū)е職垙U的不良反應(yīng),Ⅴ=可導(dǎo)致死亡的不良反應(yīng)[18]。不良反應(yīng)包括貧血、中性粒細(xì)胞減少癥、血小板減少癥、疲勞、食欲減退、惡心嘔吐、皮疹、發(fā)熱、轉(zhuǎn)氨酶升高、肌酐升高、膽紅素升高等。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

本研究數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析和處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率等計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),使用Log-rank檢驗(yàn)分析2年RFS,使用Kaplan-Meier法獲得生存曲線,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 2年RFS

基于治療意圖(ITT)進(jìn)行生存分析。60例患者中位隨訪2.10年(0.23~2.53年)。試驗(yàn)組有1例疾病復(fù)發(fā),對(duì)照組有4例疾病復(fù)發(fā)。試驗(yàn)組1例復(fù)發(fā)部位是縱隔淋巴結(jié),對(duì)照組復(fù)發(fā)部位是腦和縱隔淋巴結(jié)(1例),氣管(1例),鎖骨上淋巴結(jié)(1例),縱隔淋巴結(jié)(1例)。試驗(yàn)組2年RFS為46.7%(14/30),對(duì)照組2年RFS為50.0%(15/30),兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比(HR)=1.137,95%CI,0.625,2.068,P=0.675],見圖1。

2.2 不良反應(yīng)

血液學(xué)毒性方面,對(duì)照組貧血和血小板減少癥發(fā)生率分別為36.7%、30.0%,均顯著高于試驗(yàn)組的3.3%、6.7%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),非血液學(xué)毒性方面,對(duì)照組疲勞和惡心嘔吐發(fā)生率分別為26.7%、33.3%,均明顯高于試驗(yàn)組的3.3%,10.0%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。兩組在治療期間均沒有發(fā)生與治療相關(guān)的死亡。

3 討論

口服尿嘧啶和替加氟的組合(通常稱為優(yōu)福定UFT)是含有二氫嘧啶脫氫酶(DPD)抑制劑的口服5-FU衍生藥物,除了直接的細(xì)胞毒性作用外,UFT還可能通過抗血管生成作用抑制術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的發(fā)生[19]。對(duì)在日本進(jìn)行的六項(xiàng)臨床試驗(yàn)的2 003位患者的薈萃分析表明,肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌使用UFT進(jìn)行術(shù)后輔助化療有效(HR=0.82,95%CI:0.57,1.19)[20]。替吉奧中所含的替加氟是5-FU的前藥,進(jìn)入體內(nèi)后能夠轉(zhuǎn)化為5-FU并發(fā)揮治療效果;吉美嘧啶是DPD的抑制劑,能夠抑制5-FU的分解,增加體內(nèi)的藥物濃度;奧替拉西鉀能抑制胃腸道中5-FU的磷酸化并降低藥物在胃腸道的分布,從而降低5-FU的胃腸道毒性作用[7-8,21]。此外,口服化療可以減輕患者的生理和心理負(fù)擔(dān),還具有進(jìn)行門診治療的便利性。

本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在完全切除的Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗癌患者中,替吉奧輔助化療是有效的,并且替吉奧加奈達(dá)鉑療法不劣于吉西他濱加奈達(dá)鉑療法,兩組2年RFS比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),與Iwamoto等[9]報(bào)道結(jié)果相似。

在本研究中,與試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組相關(guān)的不良反應(yīng)符合預(yù)期:血液學(xué)毒性方面,對(duì)照組貧血和血小板減少癥發(fā)生率分別為36.7%、30.0%,均顯著高于試驗(yàn)組的3.3%、6.7%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)試驗(yàn)組的中性粒細(xì)胞減少癥較先前的術(shù)后輔助試驗(yàn)結(jié)果改善:ANITA試驗(yàn)92%的受試者和JBR.10試驗(yàn)86%的受試者出現(xiàn)中性粒細(xì)胞減少[22-23]。就非血液學(xué)毒性而言,對(duì)照組疲勞和惡心嘔吐發(fā)生率分別為26.7%、33.3%,均明顯高于試驗(yàn)組的3.3%、10.0%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。盡管樣本量雖小,但兩組中均沒有與治療有關(guān)的死亡,而在先前的試驗(yàn)中報(bào)告了與治療相關(guān)的死亡(IALT:0.8%,JBR.10:0.8%,ANITA:2%)[24]。

本研究的主要局限性是樣本數(shù)少及隨訪時(shí)間較短,還需要進(jìn)行更大規(guī)模的替吉奧加奈達(dá)鉑療法的臨床試驗(yàn)。其次,生活質(zhì)量是輔助化療臨床試驗(yàn)中的重要考察因素,然而本研究尚未調(diào)查生活質(zhì)量,這也是本研究的局限性。

總之,作為Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后輔助治療方案,替吉奧聯(lián)合奈達(dá)鉑療法不劣于吉西他濱聯(lián)合奈達(dá)鉑療法,可降低不良反應(yīng),可作為Ⅱ~Ⅲa期肺鱗狀細(xì)胞癌術(shù)后輔助治療的一種選擇。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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(收稿日期:2020-02-17) (本文編輯:桑茹南)

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