趙世初 盧艷麗 田志軍
[摘要] 目的 探討逍遙散加減聯(lián)合草酸艾司西酞普蘭對(duì)老年腦卒中后抑郁心理及日常生活能力的臨床療效。方法 選擇2018年2月~2019年11月北京市隆福醫(yī)院138例老年腦卒中后抑郁患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組各69例。對(duì)照組僅采用草酸艾司西酞普蘭治療,觀察組采用逍遙散加減聯(lián)合草酸艾司西酞普蘭的中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療,經(jīng)過(guò)2個(gè)療程(8周)治療后,比較兩組患者抑郁狀態(tài)、認(rèn)知能力及生活能力、社會(huì)功能的改善情況。 結(jié)果 經(jīng)過(guò)治療后,觀察組漢密爾頓抑郁量表評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。觀察組簡(jiǎn)易智力狀態(tài)檢查量表評(píng)分、日常生活能力評(píng)分指標(biāo)Barthel指數(shù)均高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。兩組社會(huì)功能活動(dòng)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷評(píng)分的比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 對(duì)老年腦卒中患者進(jìn)行逍遙散加減聯(lián)合草酸艾司西酞普蘭的中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療比單獨(dú)使用草酸艾司西酞普蘭更能減輕患者抑郁情緒,改善智力狀態(tài)并提升日常生活能力。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 逍遙散;草酸艾司西酞普蘭;老年患者;腦卒中;抑郁
[中圖分類號(hào)] R743.3 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)07(b)-0097-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Xiaoyao Powder addition and subtraction combined with Escitalopram Oxalate on depressive psychology and daily life ability in the elderly patients with post-stroke depression. Methods A total of 138 elderly patients with post-stroke depression in Beijing Longfu Hospital from February 2018 to November 2019 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method, with 69 patients in each group. The control group was treated with Escitalopram Oxalate only, while the observation group was treated with the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment with Xiaoyao Powder addition and subtraction combined with Escitalopram Oxalate. After two courses (8 weeks) of treatment, the improvement of depression status, cognitive ability, life ability and social function of patients in the two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the Hamilton depression scale score in the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The score of mini-mental state examination and the Barthel index of activity daily living in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The comparison of functional activities questionnaire between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment with Xiaoyao Powder addition and subtraction combined with Escitalopram Oxalate in the elderly stroke patients is more effective in alleviating patients′ depression, improving their mental state and enhancing their activity daily living than the single use of Escitalopram Oxalate.
[Key words] Xiaoyao Powder; Escitalopram Oxalate; Elderly patients; Stroke; Depression
3 討論
目前普遍認(rèn)為,PSD一方面受生物-社會(huì)-心理模式影響,因軀體行動(dòng)障礙、認(rèn)知能力下降、睡眠障礙等導(dǎo)致生活能力及社會(huì)功能降低,繼而在心理上產(chǎn)生應(yīng)激障礙出現(xiàn)抑郁,研究顯示40%腦卒中患者有嚴(yán)重的異常睡眠,常伴發(fā)焦慮和抑郁,睡眠障礙是最常見的PSD非特異性癥狀[17],而抑郁狀態(tài)又反作用于患者的功能、認(rèn)知、睡眠等功能的恢復(fù)。另一方面來(lái)自內(nèi)源性因素影響,卒中后病灶破壞了去甲腎上腺素(NE)和5-羥色胺(5-HT)神經(jīng)元及其傳導(dǎo)通路,5-HT或NE之間平衡失調(diào)導(dǎo)致抑郁[18],故促進(jìn)NE、5-HT平衡會(huì)改善抑郁狀態(tài),進(jìn)一步改善遠(yuǎn)期功能轉(zhuǎn)歸[19]。
傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥方面,逍遙散源于宋代《太平惠民和劑局方》,能改善患者精神狀態(tài)、促進(jìn)神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)[20]。其中白芍、當(dāng)歸、柴胡能柔肝緩急、化痰清熱、養(yǎng)血和血;郁金活血止痛、行氣化瘀;紅花活血通經(jīng)、祛瘀止痛;香附疏肝解郁、理氣調(diào)中;薄荷可疏散郁遏之氣;煨姜可溫中散寒;牡丹皮可清熱涼血、活血化瘀;炒梔子清肝熱痰;茯苓可除濕健脾。諸藥合用,共奏解郁化痰、疏肝理氣、腦竅得開之功效。此方既能疏肝郁、清肝火,又能養(yǎng)血安神、補(bǔ)養(yǎng)肝體[21]。
現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)對(duì)逍遙散治療PSD也進(jìn)行了大量研究,丹梔逍遙散聯(lián)合針刺療法能增加腦源性神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子(BDNF)和5-HT的表達(dá)水平[22],因BDNF紊亂和5-HT減少是PSD發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要誘因,所以逍遙散加減能在一定程度上改善機(jī)體抑郁狀態(tài)[23];同時(shí),加用逍遙散后谷氨酸水平下降,而谷氨酸與運(yùn)動(dòng)功能、認(rèn)知能力呈負(fù)相關(guān),從而使得運(yùn)動(dòng)功能及認(rèn)知能力顯著改善[24]。
逍遙散對(duì)于失眠、運(yùn)動(dòng)、認(rèn)知功能的改善,也能進(jìn)一步改善患者的抑郁癥狀。有研究顯示逍遙散加減對(duì)于肝郁化火的失眠具有顯著效果[25],睡眠好轉(zhuǎn)又會(huì)減少抑郁、焦慮的狀況,改善抑郁癥狀、認(rèn)知功能、生活能力[26-27]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,逍遙散加減配合草酸艾司西酞普蘭的中西醫(yī)結(jié)合療法,患者HAMD、MMSE、BI評(píng)分相對(duì)于單純應(yīng)用西藥組均有更為顯著的改善,而FAQ評(píng)分相對(duì)于單純應(yīng)用西藥組未顯示出明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),可能因?yàn)镕AQ評(píng)分更偏重于社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力,其影響因素較復(fù)雜。
綜上所述,逍遙散加減配合草酸艾司西酞普蘭的中西醫(yī)結(jié)合療法對(duì)于PSD在抑郁狀態(tài)、認(rèn)知功能、生活能力均有明顯改善,可以提高患者的認(rèn)知水平和日常生活自理能力,并在一定程度上提升患者的工具使用能力,改善生活質(zhì)量。
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