李璠 王玉平 陳兆峰 郭慶紅 關(guān)泉林 周永寧
[摘要] 目的 研究胃癌患者長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)表達(dá)與胃癌臨床特征及預(yù)后相關(guān)性。 方法 計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢索時(shí)間截至2019年4月。根據(jù)檢索策略及納入、排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行篩選,并提取相關(guān)資料數(shù)據(jù)。使用Stata軟件進(jìn)行meta分析。 結(jié)果 本研究最終納入18篇文獻(xiàn)。lncRNA高表達(dá)組患胃癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是低表達(dá)組的1.510倍(HR = 1.510,95%CI:1.213~1.878,P = 0.000)。meta分析結(jié)果顯示文獻(xiàn)存在發(fā)表偏倚。lncRNA表達(dá)水平與胃癌患者的TNM分期(HR = 1.981,95%CI:1.458~2.692,P = 0.000)、腫瘤分化程度(HR = 1.273,95%CI:1.103~1.469,P = 0.001)、浸潤(rùn)深度(HR = 1.862,95%CI:1.565~2.216,P = 0.000)、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(HR=1.570,95%CI:1.086~2.270,P = 0.016)、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移(HR = 2.581,95%CI:1.503~4.430,P = 0.001)相關(guān)性明顯。結(jié)論 lncRNA與胃癌患者預(yù)后不良以及臨床病理特征相關(guān),可能成為胃癌患者預(yù)后以及病情監(jiān)控的重要指標(biāo),但其臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值還需在未來更多研究中予以證實(shí)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA;胃癌;預(yù)后;臨床特征;meta分析
[中圖分類號(hào)] R735? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)05(b)-0090-05
Meta analysis of the relationship between the lncRNA and clinical features of gastric cancer
LI Fan1,2? ?WANG Yuping1,2? ?CHEN Zhaofeng1,2? ?GUO Qinghong1,2? ?GUAN Quanlin3? ?ZHOU Yongning1,2
1.Department of Digestive, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730000, China; 2.Lanzhou University Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730000, China; 3.Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the correlation between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and gastric cancer and prognosis. Methods PubMed, EMbase and Web of Science database were searched, the search ended on April 2019. According to the retrieval strategy and inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literatures were screened and the relevant data were extracted. Stata software was used for meta analysis. Results Eighteen literatures were included in this study. The risk of gastric cancer in the group with high expression of lncRNA was 1.510 times than that of the group with low expression of lncRNA (HR = 1.510, 95%CI: 1.213-1.878, P = 0.000). Meta-analysis showed that there was publication bias in the literature. LncRNA expression level and TNM stage of gastric cancer patients (HR = 1.981, 95%CI: 1.458-2.692, P = 0.000), tumor differentiation degree (HR = 1.273, 95%CI: 1.103-1.469, P = 0.001), invasion depth (HR = 1.862, 95%CI: 1.565-2.216, P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (HR = 1.570, 95%CI: 1.086-2.270, P = 0.016), and distant metastasis (HR = 2.581, 95%CI: 1.503-4.430, P = 0.001) were significantly correlated. Conclusion lncRNA is associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological features in patients with gastric cancer, so it may be an important biomarker for gastric cancer patients. However, its clinical application still needs to be verified through more researches in the future.
[Key words] Long non-coding RNA; Gastric cancer; Prognosis; Clinical features; Meta-analysis
胃癌作為全球范圍內(nèi)高發(fā)的惡性腫瘤,嚴(yán)重威脅人類的健康生存狀態(tài)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),胃癌的發(fā)病率及病死率分別位居全球惡性腫瘤的第四位和第二位[1]?,F(xiàn)階段臨床診斷胃癌的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)仍為活組織病理檢查,但其為有創(chuàng)檢查且費(fèi)用昂貴,難以在臨床上推廣。多種腫瘤標(biāo)志物在臨床應(yīng)用于胃癌的診斷,但其診斷效能仍較局限[2],因此尋找一種診斷效能較高且易在臨床推廣的腫瘤標(biāo)志物有十分重要的意義。長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)是一類長(zhǎng)度超過200 nt,無蛋白編碼功能的RNA,與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[3-5],lncRNA與胃癌患者的臨床病理特征、生存情況以及腫瘤細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)行為有著十分密切的聯(lián)系[6],但是目前尚缺乏有效的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)證實(shí)。因此本研究對(duì)納入的文章進(jìn)行meta分析,探討lncRNA與胃癌患者臨床病理特征以及預(yù)后之間的關(guān)系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 檢索策略
計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢索時(shí)間截至2019年4月。主題詞與自由詞相結(jié)合的方式制訂檢索策略,根據(jù)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入本次meta分析文獻(xiàn)。檢索詞:Stomach Cancer,Gastric Cancer,Stomach Neoplasms,Cancer of Stomach,LNCRNA,long noncoding RNA,survival,prognostic
1.2 納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)組織病理學(xué)確診為胃癌;②組織標(biāo)本中驗(yàn)證lncRNA的差異表達(dá);③對(duì)組織標(biāo)本來源進(jìn)行臨床病理分析以及預(yù)后相關(guān)性分析;④納入文獻(xiàn)為公開發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn);⑤可獲得全文;⑥研究資料齊全,可提取HR、95%CI以及觀察指標(biāo)的文獻(xiàn)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①重復(fù)文獻(xiàn)、綜述類文章、會(huì)議報(bào)道等;②文獻(xiàn)研究?jī)?nèi)容為非原發(fā)性胃癌。
1.3 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
仔細(xì)閱讀納入文獻(xiàn),根據(jù)紐卡斯?fàn)?渥太華量表(NOS)對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)[7]。<6分為低質(zhì)量文章,≥6分為高質(zhì)量文章。
1.4 文獻(xiàn)篩選與資料提取
根據(jù)已制訂的文獻(xiàn)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行篩選,并提取相關(guān)資料數(shù)據(jù)。文獻(xiàn)提取的數(shù)據(jù)包括:研究題目、第一作者、發(fā)表年份與地區(qū);研究納入樣本類型與數(shù)量;lncRNA名稱、表達(dá)水平、對(duì)預(yù)后的影響、檢測(cè)方法;預(yù)后指標(biāo),如總生存期;臨床病理資料,包括年齡、性別、腫瘤分化程度、腫瘤直徑、腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
使用Stata 12.0軟件評(píng)價(jià)納入文獻(xiàn)的異質(zhì)性程度。若I2 < 50%,P > 0.1,提示納入文獻(xiàn)無明顯異質(zhì)性,采用固定效應(yīng)模型;若I2 > 50%,P < 0.1,提示納入文獻(xiàn)存在明顯異質(zhì)性,采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。對(duì)存在明顯異質(zhì)性的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行敏感性分析。繪制漏斗圖評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)表偏倚。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果
本研究最終納入18篇[8-25]文獻(xiàn),發(fā)表年限為2014年~2019年,共納入病例2291例。本研究納入文獻(xiàn)均≥6分,屬于高質(zhì)量文章。見圖1、表1。
2.2 lncRNA表達(dá)與胃癌相關(guān)性分析
I2=87.4%,P = 0.000,提示文獻(xiàn)異質(zhì)性較高,采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析。研究顯示,lncRNA高表達(dá)組患胃癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是低表達(dá)組的1.510倍[HR = 1.510,95%CI:1.213~1.878,P = 0.000]。見圖2。
2.3 發(fā)表偏倚結(jié)果
18篇文獻(xiàn)觀察指標(biāo)不在一個(gè)漏斗內(nèi),且左右不對(duì)稱,存在明顯的發(fā)表偏倚。見圖3。
2.4 敏感性分析
5篇文獻(xiàn)[8,14,20,24-25]對(duì)研究結(jié)果存在較大影響,其他納入文獻(xiàn)研究結(jié)果基本穩(wěn)定。見圖4。
2.5 lncRNA表達(dá)與臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性分析
lncRNA的表達(dá)水平與胃癌患者臨床病理特征中的TNM分期[HR = 1.981,95%CI:1.458~2.692,P = 0.000]、腫瘤分化程度[HR = 1.273,95%CI:1.103~1.469,P = 0.001]、浸潤(rùn)深度[HR = 1.862,95%CI:1.565~2.216,P = 0.000]、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移[HR = 1.570,95%CI:1.086~2.270,P = 0.016]、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移[HR = 2.581,95%CI:1.503~4.430,P = 0.001]相關(guān)性明顯。見表2。
3 討論
有效降低癌癥發(fā)病率和死亡率是目前全球癌癥防控工作亟待解決的問題[26]。胃癌作為腫瘤領(lǐng)域難以攻克的關(guān)卡,一直被研究者們所關(guān)注,而胃癌的早期診斷也是胃癌相關(guān)研究領(lǐng)域的難點(diǎn)所在,因此尋找一種能夠?qū)ξ赴┗颊哌M(jìn)行有效診斷以及預(yù)后的腫瘤標(biāo)志物有著十分重要的意義。
lncRNA作為一種與腫瘤發(fā)生有著密切關(guān)系的非編碼RNA,與胃癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展同樣有著密不可分的關(guān)系[27-28],例如:H19通過結(jié)合p53抑制Bax通路實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響[29];HOTAIR通過降低miR-331-3p水平,促進(jìn)胃癌細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和侵襲[30]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,胃癌患者TNM分期、腫瘤分化程度、浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移與lncRNA的表達(dá)有著明顯相關(guān)性,且lncRNA高表達(dá)組胃癌的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是低表達(dá)組的1.510倍。提示lncRNA作為早期胃癌診斷的標(biāo)志物有著十分重要的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值,lncRNA表達(dá)量上升可能是重要的致癌因素,提示lncRNA有作為胃癌患者檢測(cè)指標(biāo)的潛力。本研究納入文獻(xiàn)存在明顯異質(zhì)性及發(fā)表偏倚,不同樣本量、基因表達(dá)水平以及分析方法可能是納入文獻(xiàn)異質(zhì)性的主要來源;敏感性分析結(jié)果顯示,5篇文獻(xiàn)[8,14,20,24-25]對(duì)研究結(jié)果存在較大影響,提示其可能是納入文獻(xiàn)發(fā)表偏倚的主要來源。明顯的異質(zhì)性是影響meta分析結(jié)果可靠性的一個(gè)重要因素,對(duì)于meta分析納入文獻(xiàn)的異質(zhì)性需要在今后的研究中通過提高文章檢索的全面性與精確性來降低。
本研究的不足之處在于①本研究所納入文獻(xiàn)均為中國(guó)地區(qū)的研究,不能很好地描述不同地域及不同人群等條件下lncRNA的表達(dá)水平對(duì)胃癌患者的預(yù)后;②納入研究均為回顧性研究,可能導(dǎo)致研究結(jié)果存在偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn);③不同研究的質(zhì)量不同,可能是發(fā)表偏倚的主要來源。
以本研究結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合生物信息學(xué)、樣本分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究找出對(duì)于胃癌早期診斷具有較高特異性與敏感性的lncRNA作為診斷標(biāo)志物,為臨床工作中胃癌的早診、早治提供新的有效診斷依據(jù)。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-10? 本文編輯:劉明玉)