易明坤 張野
[摘要]目的:觀察IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊與復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體修復(fù)大面積缺損后牙的療效及安全性。方法:選取2018年1月-2018年9月筆者醫(yī)院口腔科診治的82例后牙大面積缺損患者為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)非隨機(jī)臨床同期對(duì)照研究及患者自愿原則分為瓷塊組(n=41)、復(fù)合樹脂組(n=41),其中瓷塊組接受IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊高嵌體修復(fù),而復(fù)合樹脂組進(jìn)行復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體修復(fù),修復(fù)體均粘接12個(gè)月進(jìn)行復(fù)診,比較兩組修復(fù)效果、患者滿意度及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:瓷塊組修復(fù)體形態(tài)、修復(fù)體顏色、邊緣顏色、邊緣密合度及繼發(fā)齲的分級(jí)相較于復(fù)合樹脂組明顯優(yōu),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);瓷塊組患者滿意度明顯高于復(fù)合樹脂組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組總不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,無顯著性差異(P>0.05),但與復(fù)合樹脂組比較,瓷塊組對(duì)頜牙磨耗、牙齦炎發(fā)生率略高(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:與復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體相比較,IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊高嵌體對(duì)大面積缺損后牙的修復(fù)效果明顯優(yōu),但后者修復(fù)期間更易出現(xiàn)對(duì)頜牙磨損及牙齦炎,IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊高嵌體修復(fù)或許更適于對(duì)美學(xué)效果要求較高且牙周狀況較好的患者。
[關(guān)鍵詞]大面積缺損;后牙;高嵌體;修復(fù);療效
[中圖分類號(hào)]R783.4? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2020)12-0154-04
Effects of IPS e.max.CAD Ceramic Blocks and Composite Resin Onlay in Repair of Massive Defect of Posterior Teeth
YI Ming-kun,ZHANG Ye
(Department of Pediatric Dentistry,Xiangyang Stomatological Hospital,Xiangyang 441003,Hubei,China)
Abstract: Objective To observe the effects and safety of IPS e.max.CAD ceramic blocks and composite resin onlay in repair of massive defect of posterior teeth. Methods Eighty-two patients with massive defect of posterior teeth diagnosed and treated in stomatology department of the hospital between January and September 2018 were selected as the subjects. They were divided into the ceramic block group (n=41) and the composite resin group (n=41) according to the principle of non-randomized clinical concurrent control trial and voluntariness. The ceramic block group was treated with IPS e.max.CAD ceramic block onlay while the composite resin group was treated with composite resin onlay. The restorations were bonded for 12 months and reexamined.The effect of repair,patients satisfaction and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The morphology and color of restorations, color of the margin, margin fitness and the grade of secondary caries in the ceramic block group were significantly better than those in the composite resin group (P<0.05). The satisfaction of patients in the ceramic block group was significantly higher than that of the composite resin group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the incidence rates of wear of paired jaw teeth and gingivitis in the ceramic block group were slightly higher than those in the composite resin group (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with composite resin onlays, the effect of IPS e.max.CAD ceramic block onlay is obviously better in repair of massive defect of posterior teeth. However, wear of paired jaw teeth and gingivitis are prone to occur during the latter repair. IPS e .max.CAD ceramic block onlay restoration may be more suitable for patients having higher aesthetic requirements and better periodontal conditions.
3? 討論
早期臨床上主要借助于全冠修復(fù)以確保后牙大面積缺損患者患牙的抗折性,全冠修復(fù)的成功率雖高,但對(duì)牙體硬組織破壞多、費(fèi)用高且易出現(xiàn)全冠脫落等現(xiàn)象[7-8];近年來,臨床實(shí)踐證實(shí)嵌體可于模型上完成,其精細(xì)雕刻的時(shí)間及視野充足,且可在高溫高壓下成形及拋光,利于患牙鄰面外形、鄰面與邊緣密合度接觸關(guān)系的恢復(fù),提高后牙大面積缺損患者的修復(fù)效果,以往研究證實(shí)高嵌體修復(fù)對(duì)牙齒大面積缺損患者的效果明顯優(yōu)于全冠修復(fù)[9-10]。目前,復(fù)合樹脂、瓷塊是口腔嵌體的常用材料,劉小舟等[11]研究指出,復(fù)合樹脂、陶瓷嵌體在近中-牙合面-遠(yuǎn)中(MOD)缺損患者應(yīng)用中,對(duì)牙體組織修復(fù)體界面應(yīng)力分布的影響相當(dāng),但復(fù)合樹脂嵌體修復(fù)MOD缺損患者,牙體組織修復(fù)體界面剪切應(yīng)力以及拉伸應(yīng)力相較于陶瓷嵌體小,而目前國內(nèi)關(guān)于兩種高嵌體修復(fù)材料對(duì)后牙大面積缺損患者的臨床療效差異及適用性尚處于探索階段。
本次分析結(jié)果顯示:瓷塊組較復(fù)合樹脂組明顯優(yōu),表現(xiàn)為前者的修復(fù)體形態(tài)、修復(fù)體顏色、邊緣顏色、邊緣密合度及繼發(fā)齲的A級(jí)占比明顯高,且瓷塊組患者滿意度明顯高于復(fù)合樹脂組,表明IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊高嵌體治療后牙大面積缺損患者的修復(fù)效果較復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體明顯優(yōu)良,瓷塊高嵌體修復(fù)利用全瓷修復(fù)技術(shù),對(duì)冠修復(fù)體的細(xì)節(jié)把握更為精準(zhǔn),修復(fù)體幾乎無需調(diào)磨,其可直接燒結(jié)或上釉燒結(jié)后,修復(fù)體表面更為光滑,修復(fù)體邊緣密合度較到位,此外,該嵌體材料具備自然光澤,更為美觀的修復(fù)效果[12-13],因此,患者滿意度更高。而復(fù)合樹脂耐磨性及抗壓強(qiáng)度相較于IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊低,且樹脂材料易老化變色[14],因而復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體對(duì)后牙大面積缺損的修復(fù)效果(尤其是美學(xué)修復(fù)方面)遜于IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊高嵌體。
本次研究雖顯示兩組總不良反應(yīng)無明顯差異,但瓷塊組對(duì)頜牙磨耗、牙齦炎發(fā)生率略高于復(fù)合樹脂組,說明兩種高嵌體修復(fù)材料的整體安全性相當(dāng),IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊高嵌體修復(fù)過程中更易引發(fā)對(duì)頜牙磨耗以及牙齦炎發(fā)生,盡管IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊有良好的抗壓強(qiáng)度,但仍存在硬度大的特點(diǎn),長(zhǎng)期佩戴過程中易損傷對(duì)頜牙,此外,其材料強(qiáng)度較大對(duì)牙齦刺激較大,出現(xiàn)牙齦炎幾率相對(duì)更高[15];而復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體性能優(yōu)良且硬度適中,在一定程度上對(duì)頜牙起到保護(hù)作用,同時(shí)復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體修復(fù)過程中不僅能很好地恢復(fù)與牙齦的接觸關(guān)系,且與牙面移行、不易形成懸突,減少對(duì)牙齦刺激。此外,除組織面外整個(gè)嵌體模型均可高度拋光,減少菌斑的附著且易于口腔清潔[16],初步提示復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體在后牙大面積缺損修復(fù)中可保護(hù)對(duì)頜牙、減輕對(duì)牙齦的刺激。
基于以上分析,本次研究初步證實(shí)了IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊修復(fù)后牙大面積缺損效果明顯優(yōu)于復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體,但前者易引發(fā)對(duì)頜牙磨耗及牙齦炎,臨床上可依據(jù)患者牙周狀況擇優(yōu)選擇修復(fù)方案。但本研究依然存在隨診時(shí)間較短、對(duì)象主要來源本院等不足,未來有待進(jìn)一步完善研究。
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[收稿日期]2019-10-21
本文引用格式:易明坤,張野.IPS e.max.CAD瓷塊與復(fù)合樹脂高嵌體修復(fù)后牙大面積缺損療效觀察[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2020,29(12):154-157.