王靜 魏蕾 邱堃
[摘要] 目的 構(gòu)建靶向血管擴(kuò)張刺激磷蛋白(VASP)基因RNA干擾慢病毒表達(dá)載體。 方法 將前期構(gòu)建的pcDNA6.2-miRVASP進(jìn)行測序鑒定,篩選陽性克隆。通過Gateway技術(shù)中的BP反應(yīng)及LR反應(yīng),將攜帶miRVASP的表達(dá)框克隆至慢病毒目的載體pLenti6/V5-DEST,構(gòu)建靶向VASP基因的RNA干擾慢病毒表達(dá)載體pLenti6/V5-miRVASP;接著將其與慢病毒包裝混合物共轉(zhuǎn)染293FT細(xì)胞,收集病毒顆粒,侵染胃癌BGC-823細(xì)胞。 結(jié)果 慢病毒表達(dá)載體測序結(jié)果表明,構(gòu)建的載體與預(yù)期完全一致。用收集的攜帶miRVASP表達(dá)框的慢病毒顆粒侵染BGC-823細(xì)胞,熒光顯微鏡下可見多量細(xì)胞表達(dá)強(qiáng)綠色熒光,證明包裝產(chǎn)生的慢病毒顆粒能侵染BGC-823細(xì)胞。 結(jié)論 成功構(gòu)建了靶向VASP基因的RNA干擾慢病毒表達(dá)載體,并包裝產(chǎn)生慢病毒顆粒原液,成功侵染BGC-823細(xì)胞,為進(jìn)一步在體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)中研究VASP在胃癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移中的作用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 血管擴(kuò)張刺激磷蛋白;RNA干擾;慢病毒載體
[中圖分類號] R737 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2018)09(a)-0009-04
[Abstract] Objective To construct the lentiviral RNA interference expression vector targeting vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) gene. Methods The pre-constructed pcDNA6.2-miRVASP was identified by DNA sequencing and the positive clones were screened. The miRVASP fragment was cloned into destination vector pLenti6/V5-DEST by Gateway techology, including BP and LR reaction, RNA interference lentiviral vector pLenti6/V5-miRVASP targeting VASP gene was constructed. Then the 293FT cells were co-transfected with the plasmid lentiviral expression vector pLenti6/V5-miRVASP and lentiviral packaging mix. The virus particles were collected and infected into gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. Results The constructed lentiviral expression vector pLenti6/V5-miRVASP was introduced into E.coli Stbl3 for amplification. DNA sequencing results showed that the constructed vector was exactly as expected. BGC-823 cells were infected with the collected lentiviral stocks carrying the miRVASP expression cassette. The results showed that a large number of cells could express strong green fluorescence, demonstrated that the packaged lentiviral stocks could infect BGC-823 cells. Conclusion The RNA interference lentiviral vector targeting VASP gene is successfully constructed and packaged as the lentiviral stocks to successfully infect BGC-823 cells, which lay the foundation for the further study of the role of VASP in gastric cancer metastasis in vivo.
[Key words] VASP; RNAi; Lentiviral vector
胃癌是最常見的消化道惡性腫瘤之一。在我國,胃癌發(fā)病率居各類惡性腫瘤第二位[1]。盡管近年來胃癌病理遺傳學(xué)和分子機(jī)制研究取得了許多進(jìn)展,但胃癌轉(zhuǎn)移仍然是癌癥相關(guān)死亡的主要原因之一。腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移是一個(gè)多步驟的過程[2],以間充質(zhì)模式遷移的腫瘤細(xì)胞,首先形成由肌動(dòng)蛋白絲(F-actin)網(wǎng)絡(luò)組裝驅(qū)動(dòng)的細(xì)胞膜突起(偽足);接著在原癌基因如c-Src及c-Abl激酶等分子和細(xì)胞骨架調(diào)節(jié)蛋白協(xié)調(diào)作用下,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞遷移和侵襲[3]。血管擴(kuò)張刺激磷蛋白(vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein,VASP)是Ena/VASP蛋白家族成員之一[4]。其EVH2結(jié)構(gòu)域介導(dǎo)其與球狀肌動(dòng)蛋白(G-actin)及F-actin的結(jié)合。最新研究表明,VASP在人肺腺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌等實(shí)體腫瘤中蛋白表達(dá)水平上調(diào)[5-8]。VASP磷酸化能抑制結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞侵襲性偽足形成[9]。因此,我們推測VASP表達(dá)及活性可能影響腫瘤浸潤進(jìn)展。本研究利用前期構(gòu)建的靶向VASP基因的RNA干擾真核表達(dá)載體pcDNA6.2-miRVASP及慢病毒目的載體[10],應(yīng)用Gateway重組技術(shù)中的BP反應(yīng)和LR反應(yīng),構(gòu)建靶向VASP基因的RNA干擾慢病毒表達(dá)載體,并包裝產(chǎn)生慢病毒顆粒,成功侵染胃癌細(xì)胞,以期為深入研究VASP的腫瘤生物學(xué)功能奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 主要材料
H-DMEM培養(yǎng)基購自Hyclone公司;胎牛血清購自杭州四季青公司;左旋谷氨酰胺、LipofectamineTM2000、BP ClonaseTM Ⅱ Enzyme Mix、LR ClonaseTM Ⅱ Enzyme、蛋白酶K、Opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基、pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP載體、pDONRTM221載體、pLenti6/V5-DEST載體、慢病毒包裝混合物(Packing Mix Lentiviral)、239FT細(xì)胞株、感受態(tài)均購自lnvitrogen公司;質(zhì)粒小提試劑盒購自北京天根公司;1 kb DNA Ladder購自Fermentas公司;Eag Ⅰ購自NEB公司;質(zhì)粒大提試劑盒購自Axygen公司。BGC-823胃癌細(xì)胞株購自武漢大學(xué)保藏中心。靶向VASP基因的小干擾RNA真核表達(dá)載體pcDNA6.2-miRVASP由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室構(gòu)建保存。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 慢病毒入門載體pDONRTM221-miRVASP載體的構(gòu)建 PcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR載體攜帶有attB位點(diǎn),可與攜帶有attP位點(diǎn)的pDONRTM221載體進(jìn)行BP重組反應(yīng),構(gòu)建帶有目的基因片段的入門克隆載體。首先將pcDNA6.2-miRVASP載體用Eag Ⅰ酶切。取等摩爾pcDNA6.2-miRVASP與pDONRTM221,加入BP ClonaseTM Ⅱ Enzyme Mix,25℃孵育16 h,生成入門克隆pDONRTM221-miRVASP,轉(zhuǎn)化感受態(tài),涂布于LB平板,37℃培養(yǎng)12~16 h,挑取單菌落,置于LB培養(yǎng)基中擴(kuò)增,抽提質(zhì)粒。
1.2.2 慢病毒表達(dá)載體pLenti6/V5-miRVASP的構(gòu)建 在LR ClonaseTM Ⅱ Enzyme Mix作用下,攜帶有attL位點(diǎn)的入門克隆pDONRTM221-miRVASP和目的載體pLenti6/V5-DEST發(fā)生重組反應(yīng),生成慢病毒表達(dá)載體pLenti6/V5-miRVASP。首先取等摩爾的pDONRTM 221-miRVASP和pLenti6/V5-DEST載體,加入LR ClonaseTM Ⅱ Enzyme Mix,25℃孵育16 h,轉(zhuǎn)化感受態(tài),涂布于LB平板,培養(yǎng)12~16 h,挑取單菌落,于LB培養(yǎng)基中擴(kuò)增,抽提質(zhì)粒,并進(jìn)行PCR鑒定,將PCR產(chǎn)物送測序。
1.2.3 慢病毒表達(dá)顆粒的包裝與收集 培養(yǎng)293FT細(xì)胞。取9 μg慢病毒包裝混合物和3 μg慢病毒表達(dá)載體質(zhì)粒加入Opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基中。取36 μL LipofectamineTM2000加入Opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基中,室溫靜置5 min。將含質(zhì)粒和脂質(zhì)體的培養(yǎng)液混和,室溫孵育20 min。接著加入293FT細(xì)胞,培養(yǎng)48~72 h,收集含病毒的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清液,過濾分裝,-80℃儲存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.2.4 慢病毒表達(dá)顆粒侵染胃癌細(xì)胞株BGC-823 培養(yǎng)BGC-823細(xì)胞,用收集的攜帶miRVASP DNA表達(dá)片段的慢病毒顆粒侵染BGC-823細(xì)胞。觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài)及EmGFP表達(dá)。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 靶向VASP基因的RNA干擾真核表達(dá)載體pcDNA6.2-miRVASP的鑒定
將重組質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行PCR鑒定及測序。測序結(jié)果表明,pcDNA6.2-miRVASP包含設(shè)計(jì)的SR33-2的DNA片段。
2.2 慢病毒入門載體pDONRTM221-miRVASP的構(gòu)建
利用BP反應(yīng),成功構(gòu)建攜帶miRVASP DNA表達(dá)片段的入門載體。質(zhì)粒凝膠電泳圖。見圖1。
2.3 慢病毒表達(dá)載體pLenti6/V5-miRVASP的構(gòu)建與鑒定
通過LR反應(yīng),將入門克隆pDONRTM221-miRVASP與目的載體pLenti6/V5-DEST進(jìn)行重組,得到慢病毒表達(dá)載體pLenti6/V5-miRVASP。質(zhì)粒凝膠電泳圖,見圖2。pLenti6/V5-DEST 質(zhì)粒全長8688 bp,被置換的堿基片段長1704 bp,插入含miRVASP DNA表達(dá)片段約64 bp+936 bp=1000 bp。因此重組質(zhì)粒長約7984 bp。將重組質(zhì)粒PCR產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行測序,證實(shí)表達(dá)載體成功構(gòu)建。
2.4 慢病毒表達(dá)顆粒的包裝
將慢病毒表達(dá)載體pLenti6/V5-miRVASP與慢病毒包裝混合物共轉(zhuǎn)染293FT細(xì)胞48 h后,在熒光顯微鏡下觀察。分別可見較多量細(xì)胞表達(dá)強(qiáng)綠色熒光,見圖3。證實(shí)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染入293FT細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞部分融合,可見多核復(fù)合體出現(xiàn),細(xì)胞內(nèi)可見多量病毒顆粒。
2.5 慢病毒能侵染胃癌細(xì)胞株BGC-823
將收集的攜帶miRVASP DNA表達(dá)片段的慢病毒顆粒侵染BGC-823胃癌細(xì)胞。24 h及48 h后,熒光顯微鏡下觀察。鏡下分別可見較多量的BGC-823細(xì)胞表達(dá)強(qiáng)綠色熒光,見圖4。證實(shí)包裝產(chǎn)生的慢病毒顆粒能侵染BGC-823細(xì)胞。
3 討論
肌動(dòng)蛋白細(xì)胞骨架介導(dǎo)了許多細(xì)胞生命活動(dòng),包括細(xì)胞黏附、細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)和細(xì)胞形態(tài)改變。肌動(dòng)蛋白細(xì)胞骨架的功能失調(diào)與腫瘤的發(fā)生與轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。如肌動(dòng)蛋白結(jié)合蛋白(actin binding proteins,ABPs)在腫瘤中的表達(dá)失調(diào)[11-12]。VASP是一種涉及細(xì)胞膜突起動(dòng)力學(xué)的肌動(dòng)蛋白結(jié)合蛋白[13]。VASP主要位于層狀偽足前導(dǎo)端、絲狀偽足頂端和黏附斑。在細(xì)胞遷移的層狀偽足前導(dǎo)端,VASP作為腳手架蛋白將伸長的F-actin與ABPs結(jié)合,調(diào)節(jié)由肌動(dòng)蛋白聚合驅(qū)動(dòng)的偽足形成和穩(wěn)定。在絲狀偽足頂端,VASP在F-actin倒刺末端施加抗蓋帽力,促進(jìn)絲狀偽足形成和伸長。VASP通過重排細(xì)胞骨架,并促進(jìn)F-actin伸長和成束,成為啟動(dòng)和維持偽足區(qū)域的關(guān)鍵抗蓋帽蛋白[14-15]。因此,VASP在重要的生理和病理過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,包括損傷修復(fù)、神經(jīng)元發(fā)育等生理過程,以及炎癥、腫瘤浸潤轉(zhuǎn)移等病理過程。
VASP與腫瘤細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)性密切相關(guān)。將NIH3T3成纖維細(xì)胞中VASP敲除和過表達(dá)均能誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞致瘤性轉(zhuǎn)化[16-17]。VASP在肺腺癌中過表達(dá)與腫瘤分期相關(guān)[5]。VASP沉默后,下調(diào)β-連環(huán)蛋白表達(dá),影響乳腺癌細(xì)胞侵襲[6]。VASP磷酸化在腫瘤侵襲中也發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用[9,18-19],其機(jī)制可能涉及基因的表達(dá)調(diào)控[20]。不同的研究結(jié)果顯示,VASP與腫瘤瘤變和轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān),但其分子機(jī)制尚未闡明。我們在前期研究中,發(fā)現(xiàn)VASP與胃癌細(xì)胞遷移和侵襲相關(guān)[10]。
慢病毒載體法有著其他轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)不可比擬的優(yōu)勢。本研究將慢病毒載體包裝、包膜和目的載體三部分質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染293FT細(xì)胞,獲得慢病毒原液。Gateway技術(shù)以λ噬菌體位點(diǎn)特異重組反應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ),平移目的序列到目的載體。本研究選取了攜帶有attB位點(diǎn)的pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP載體,與攜帶有attP位點(diǎn)pDONRTM221載體進(jìn)行BP反應(yīng),構(gòu)建帶有目的基因的入門克隆。然后,將入門克隆與目的載體進(jìn)行LR反應(yīng),構(gòu)建了攜帶靶向VASP基因的RNA干擾表達(dá)框miRVASP的慢病毒表達(dá)載體。接著,分別將慢病毒表達(dá)載體與包裝混合物共轉(zhuǎn)染239FT細(xì)胞,收集細(xì)胞上清液,濃縮后,即得到了高滴度、無復(fù)制能力和具有良好生物安全性的病毒原液。本實(shí)驗(yàn)為進(jìn)一步對胃癌細(xì)胞進(jìn)行高效侵染,在體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)中研究VASP在胃癌轉(zhuǎn)移中的作用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
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(收稿日期:2018-03-23 本文編輯:任 念)