潘靜
[摘要] 目的 探討乙型肝炎病毒感染與非霍奇金淋巴瘤發(fā)病的相關(guān)性。 方法 隨機(jī)選取2009年2月~2017年8月在我院接受診療的640例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者和640例肺癌患者作為研究對象,640例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者為觀察組,640例肺癌患者為對照組;比較兩組患者乙型肝炎標(biāo)志物陽性率,比較B細(xì)胞型、T細(xì)胞型兩種病理亞型的非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者乙型肝炎標(biāo)志物陽性率。 結(jié)果 觀察組患者的 HBsAg陽性率為17.19%,對照組為12.19%,觀察組高于對照組,兩組之間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=13.32,P<0.05);觀察組HBsAg陰性率為18.44%,對照組為21.25%,兩組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=3.31,P>0.05);兩組患者單抗體、雙抗體及三抗體陽性率組間比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組 B細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陽性率19.51%,T細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陽性率13.89%,B細(xì)胞型的HBsAg陽性率高于T細(xì)胞型的,兩組之間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=5.02,P<0.05);B細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陰性率為18.05%,T細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陰性率為22.78%,兩組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=3.41,P>0.05);兩組患者單抗體、雙抗體及三抗體陽性率組間比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的乙型肝炎病毒感染率高于肺癌患者,兩者存在相關(guān)性。乙型肝炎病毒感染和B細(xì)胞型NHL的發(fā)生也存在相關(guān)性。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肝炎病毒乙型;非霍奇金淋巴瘤;感染;相關(guān)性
[中圖分類號] R733.1;R512.62 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2018)21-0009-03
[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Methods 640 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 640 patients with lung cancer who were treated in our hospital from February 2009 to August 2017 were randomly selected as the study subjects. 640 patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma were assigned to the observation group, and 640 patients with lung cancer were assigned to the control group; the positive rate of hepatitis B markers was compared between the two groups. The positive rate of hepatitis B markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with two pathological subtypes: B cell type and T cell type. Results The positive rate of HBsAg was 17.19% in the observation group and 12.19% in the control group. The observation group was higher than the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=13.32, P<0.05); the negative rate of HBsAg was 18.44% in the observation group and 21.25% in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ2=3.31, P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of single antibody, double antibody and tri-antibody between the two groups(P>0.05). In the observation group, the positive rate of HBsAg in B-cell type NHL patients was 19.51%, and the positive rate of HBsAg in T-cell type NHL patients was 13.89%. The positive rate of B-cell type HBsAg was higher than that of T-cell type. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=5.02, P<0.05); the negative rate of HBsAg in B-cell type NHL patients was 18.05%, and the negative rate of HBsAg in T-cell type NHL patients was 22.78%. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(χ2=3.41, P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of single antibody, double antibody and tri-antibody between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The infection rate of hepatitis B virus in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients is higher than that in lung cancer patients, and there is a correlation between the two. There is also a correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the incidence of B-cell type NHL.
[Key words] Hepatitis B markers;Non-Hodgkins lymphoma;Infection;Correlation
淋巴瘤是起源于淋巴造血系統(tǒng)的惡性腫瘤,根據(jù)瘤細(xì)胞分為霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin's lymphoma,HL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL)[1-2]。NHL具有高度異質(zhì)性,其發(fā)病率與死亡率逐年上升[3-4]。依據(jù)腫瘤細(xì)胞的來源臨床主要分為B細(xì)胞型、T細(xì)胞型,其中又以B細(xì)胞型為主[5]。近年來已有大量研究表明嗜肝病毒中丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染與NHL的發(fā)生及病情進(jìn)展有相關(guān)性[6]。而乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)與NHL的關(guān)系尚未統(tǒng)一。本文選取NHL與肺癌患者作為研究對象,分析研究HBV感染和NHL發(fā)生的相關(guān)性及HBV與B型NHL發(fā)生的相關(guān)性,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
隨機(jī)選取2009年2月~2017年8月在我院接受診療的640例NHL患者為觀察組,640例肺癌患者為對照組,觀察組男330例,女310例,年齡7~90歲,其中 B細(xì)胞型410例,T細(xì)胞型180例,其他型50例;對照組男324例,女316例,年齡8~92歲,觀察組和對照組性別和年齡無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。見表1。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 檢測方法 所有患者均于住院次日清晨空腹靜脈取血,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測乙肝病毒抗原抗體,包括HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb。乙肝五項試劑盒及檢測儀器均由上海科華生物科技有限公司提供,按說明書規(guī)定判斷陽性或陰性結(jié)果。
1.2.2 觀察指標(biāo) 比較兩組患者乙型肝炎標(biāo)志物陽性率,統(tǒng)計分析乙肝病毒感染與兩組患者的相關(guān)性。再對觀察組組內(nèi)進(jìn)行分組,比較B細(xì)胞型、T細(xì)胞型兩種病理亞型的NHL患者乙型肝炎標(biāo)志物陽性率及乙型肝炎病毒感染相關(guān)性。HBsAg(+)表示現(xiàn)癥HBV感染;HBsAg(-)表示無HBV感染或有S基因突變株存在;單一HBsAb(+)表示接種過疫苗有保護(hù)性抗體;雙抗體HBsAb(+)HBcAb(+)、三抗體HBsAb(+)HBeAb(+)HBcAb(+)均表示既往HBV感染恢復(fù)中。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS17.0軟件對數(shù)據(jù)資料統(tǒng)計分析,分別統(tǒng)計兩組患者及觀察組B細(xì)胞型及T細(xì)胞型亞組中乙肝五抗中HBsAg陽性率、HBsAg陰性率、單一抗體(HBsAb)陽性率、雙抗體(HBsAb、HBcAb)陽性率,三抗體(HBsAb、HBcAb、HBeAb)陽性率,所有計數(shù)資料(%)組間差異性采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者HBV標(biāo)志物表達(dá)情況
觀察組患者的 HBsAg陽性率為17.19%,對照組為12.19%,觀察組高于對照組,兩組之間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=13.32,P<0.05);觀察組HBsAg陰性率為18.44%,對照組為21.25%,兩組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=3.31,P>0.05);兩組患者單抗體、雙抗體及三抗體陽性率組間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.2 兩種病理亞型NHL患者的HBV標(biāo)志物表達(dá)情況
B細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陽性率19.51%,T細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陽性率13.89%,B細(xì)胞型的HBsAg陽性率高于T細(xì)胞型的,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=5.02,P<0.05);B細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陰性率為18.05%,T細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陰性率為22.78%,兩組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=3.41,P>0.05);兩組患者單抗體、雙抗體及三抗體陽性率組間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表3。
3討論
近年來,NHL的發(fā)病率逐年增長,成為全球高死亡率腫瘤性疾病[7]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計我國NHL發(fā)病率和死亡率已居惡性腫瘤第五位[8]。其發(fā)病機(jī)制迄今未明確,病毒感染可能是最重要的環(huán)境致病因素和潛在的危險因子[9]。艾滋病病毒感染可直接引起NHL的發(fā)生及病情進(jìn)展,影響預(yù)后,B-NHL的發(fā)生與HCV感染也密切相關(guān)[10]。我國是乙肝大國,HBV是一種高致癌性的嗜肝性病毒,同時也是嗜淋巴細(xì)胞性病毒,國內(nèi)外研究表明[11],合并HBV感染的NHL患者死亡率更高。尤其是化療后引起HBV復(fù)燃導(dǎo)致爆發(fā)性肝衰竭致死亡[12]。近年來大量研究表明[13]NHL患者中HBV的感染率明顯高于健康人群及除原發(fā)性肝癌以外的其他實體腫瘤患者,如大腸癌、胃癌,但HBV的感染究竟是NHL的致病因素還是NHL免疫功能低下后的伴隨感染,還無定論。比較肯定的是HBV慢性感染及DNA的長期復(fù)制導(dǎo)致機(jī)體免疫功能低下激活原癌基因,其親淋巴細(xì)胞特性致淋巴細(xì)胞克隆性擴(kuò)增[14-15]。本研究對640例NHL患者和640例肺癌患者的乙型肝炎標(biāo)志物進(jìn)行回顧性分析,NHL組患者的HBsAg陽性率為17.19%,肺癌組為12.19%,觀察組明顯高于對照組,兩組之間的差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,提示NHL組患者的現(xiàn)癥感染率高于肺癌組。肺癌組的HBsAg陰性率和抗體陽性率均高于NHL組,可能提示肺癌患者的乙型肝炎病毒現(xiàn)癥感染率低于NHL患者,但在臨床中雙抗體HBsAb(+)HBcAb(+)、三抗體 HBsAb(+)HBeAb(+)HBcAb(+)均表示既往HBV感染恢復(fù)中,但體內(nèi)HBV是否徹底清除還需要行HBV的檢測甚至是肝臟穿刺活組織病理檢測來明確,故在今后的研究及臨床診療中需警惕未完全恢復(fù)的乙肝感染者是否需要進(jìn)一步抗病毒治療以減輕NHL的病情延緩其進(jìn)展。
再者NHL患者的病理類型不同所致的HBV感染率也不盡相同,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)B細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陽性率19.51%,T細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBsAg陽性率13.89%,B細(xì)胞型的HBsAg陽性率高于T細(xì)胞型的。推測B細(xì)胞型NHL的患者中HBV現(xiàn)癥感染率更高。HBV感染對患者體內(nèi)B細(xì)胞具有刺激作用,使得細(xì)胞內(nèi)DNA形成損傷病變,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致B細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化,Engels EA等[16]的研究表明HBV感染導(dǎo)致NHL的發(fā)生機(jī)制HCV相似,嗜肝病毒作為外源性刺激物,觸發(fā)B淋巴細(xì)胞克隆性增值,啟動原癌基因并形成HBV的致癌性。并有研究者在外周血B淋巴細(xì)胞中檢測出HBV的DNA,但HBV是否對淋巴細(xì)胞有直接的轉(zhuǎn)化作用仍不得而知[17]。臨床上HBsAb(+)、HBeAb(+)、HBcAb(+)提示既往HBV感染,本研究中B細(xì)胞型NHL的三抗體陽性率低于T細(xì)胞型的,跟其他研究者的B細(xì)胞型NHL患者HBV慢性感染和隱匿性感染的發(fā)生率高的結(jié)論相悖。因本研究采取的是常規(guī)酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法,對于高濃度的乙肝核心抗體蛋白樣本要進(jìn)行預(yù)稀釋,受到其干擾,可出現(xiàn)假陽性、假陰性,致實驗結(jié)果分析存在偏差。因此今后是否采取靈敏度更高的電化學(xué)發(fā)光法來進(jìn)行定量檢測值得實驗后積累數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步的分析研究。本研究僅為回顧性分析,存在收集資料的偏差、忽略NHL合并的其他病毒感染、NHL的嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥等干擾因素。故HBV是否對NHL有直接的致病作用有待進(jìn)一步的研究證實。
總之,本研究結(jié)果顯示NHL患者感染的HBV明顯要高于肺癌患者,在NHL的臨床診療中需引起關(guān)注。但HBV的感染是否能作為評估NHL的預(yù)后的指標(biāo)有待進(jìn)一步深入研究。HBV與B型NHL有相關(guān)性,可能增加B-NHL的發(fā)病風(fēng)險[18],但HBV感染是否為NHL的致病因素,是否在B細(xì)胞型NHL的病原學(xué)中起作用還需要前瞻性大樣本的研究。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-24)