方立挺 鄭悅 陳福春
[摘要] 目的 探討多層螺旋CT灌注成像對(duì)外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷價(jià)值。 方法 選取2014年4月~2015年10月我院就診的320例外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌患者為研究對(duì)象,所有患者均進(jìn)行多層螺旋CT灌注成像,采用元相關(guān)分析的手段,探討患者多層螺旋CT灌注成像參數(shù):強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)和患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移以及術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 320例研究對(duì)象中,201例有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,119例無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組的強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);隨訪2年后,119例無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者中,87例出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,32例無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,有復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組的強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);有復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組的血容量(BV)和無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 多層螺旋CT灌注成像能有效預(yù)測(cè)外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移復(fù)發(fā)情況,具有臨床指導(dǎo)意義,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 多層螺旋CT;灌注成像;外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移;術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移復(fù)發(fā)
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R734.2;R730.44 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2018)12-0113-03
Diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging on lymph node metastasis of peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma
FANG Liting1 ZHENG Yue1 CHEN Fuchun2
1.Department of Raidology, Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Wenling 317500, China; 2.Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Wenling 317500, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging on lymph node metastasis of peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Methods 320 patients with peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma in our hospital from April 2014 to October 2015 were selected. All patients went through multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging. Meta correlation analysis was used to investigate the associations of indices of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging[peak enhancement image (PEI), blood volume (BV) and blood flow (BF)]with lymph node metastasis and postoperative metastasis and recurrence. Results Out of 320 subjects, 201 patients were with lymph node metastasis and 119 patients were without lymph node metastasis. PEI, BV and BF of patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly lower than those of patients without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). After 2-year follow-up, out of 119 patients without lymph node metastasis, metastasis and recurrence were observed in 87 patients and 32 patients were still without metastasis or recurrence. Among these patients, PEI, BF of patients with metastasis and recurrence were significantly lower than those of patients without metastasis or recurrence(P<0.05) while the values of BV in two groups of patients were not significantly different(P>0.05). Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging could predict the lymph node metastasis and postoperative metastasis and recurrence in patients with peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma. It was worth clinical promotion and application.
[Key words] Multi-slice spiral CT; Perfusion imaging; Peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma; Lymph node metastasis; Postoperative metastasis and recurrence
外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌是肺腺癌的一種[1,2],屬于非小細(xì)胞肺癌,早期臨床表現(xiàn)往往不典型,易發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,嚴(yán)重威脅患者的生命健康[3,4]。1998年在單、雙螺旋CT的基礎(chǔ)上推出了多層螺旋CT(Multi-slice computed tomography,MSCT)灌注成像[5,6],在注入增強(qiáng)對(duì)比劑時(shí)進(jìn)行多層面掃描,通過(guò)計(jì)算組織的血流灌注量評(píng)價(jià)組織的灌注情況[7],使CT在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用有質(zhì)的發(fā)展[8]。而多層螺旋CT灌注成像參數(shù):強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)可以很好地反映腫瘤血管的通透性和密集度[9],與腫瘤的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移以及復(fù)發(fā)密切相關(guān)[10]。本研究旨在探討多層螺旋CT灌注成像對(duì)外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷價(jià)值[11],現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年4月~2015年10月我院就診的320例外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌患者為研究對(duì)象,所有患者均符合以下入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)影像學(xué)或病理學(xué)確診為外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌;②肺部結(jié)節(jié)R<2 cm;③術(shù)前行多層螺旋CT平掃和灌注成像;④無(wú)遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,可手術(shù)治療,手術(shù)方式為肺葉切除;⑤術(shù)前未進(jìn)行放化療的患者;⑥無(wú)合并其他惡性腫瘤;⑦無(wú)嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎功能障礙;⑧無(wú)凝血功能障礙;⑨均給予系統(tǒng)性淋巴結(jié)清除術(shù)。其中,男178例,女142例;年齡31~76歲,平均(46.8±5.4)歲;分化程度:低級(jí)分化107例,中分化112例,高分化101例;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況:201例患者有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,119例患者無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移;隨訪2年復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移情況:119例無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者中,87例出現(xiàn)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,32例未出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移。
1.2 掃描方法
1.2.1 CT平掃 采用philips 64排螺旋CT,掃描前指導(dǎo)患者進(jìn)行屏氣訓(xùn)練,屏氣時(shí)間達(dá)到30 s。患者屏氣狀態(tài)下常規(guī)完成心肺平掃,分析圖像,選取病灶最大層面及相鄰層面為灌注掃描層面。設(shè)置掃描參數(shù)為:120 kV,100 mA;矩陣:512×512;層厚:5 mm;范圍:胸廓入口至肺底;掃描視野:220~380 mm。
1.2.2 多層螺旋CT灌注掃描 根據(jù)CT平掃圖像確定病灶最大層面,選取上下4個(gè)層面進(jìn)行灌注掃描。經(jīng)前臂淺靜脈將非離子對(duì)比劑(碘海醇,300 mgI/mL)用高壓注射器注入100 mL,注射后延遲7 s進(jìn)行掃描。設(shè)置掃描參數(shù)為:120 kV,80 mA;掃描速度:0.5 s/圈;采集數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)間:30 s。由三位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的放射科技師完成掃描。掃描時(shí)患者盡量憋氣。采用雙盲法評(píng)價(jià)患者多層螺旋CT灌注成像的圖像。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
根據(jù)多層螺旋CT灌注成像,分析患者灌注參數(shù):①?gòu)?qiáng)化峰值(PEI):反映增強(qiáng)對(duì)比劑的濃度,由腫塊增強(qiáng)最大值-腫塊平掃CT值;②血容量(BV):反映全身有效循環(huán)血量,通過(guò)對(duì)比劑的濃度,推算出循環(huán)血量;③血流量(BF):根據(jù)CT灌注成像的不同強(qiáng)化時(shí)間增強(qiáng)CT值,推算出組織器官的血流量。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 病理結(jié)果
入選患者均經(jīng)病理學(xué)確診為外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌,結(jié)果見(jiàn)封三圖8、9。
2.2 強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)與患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況分析
320例研究對(duì)象中,201例有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,119例無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組的強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.3 強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)與患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系
隨訪2年后,119例無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者中,87例出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,32例無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,有復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組的強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);有復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組的血容量(BV)和無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
3討論
正常人體淋巴結(jié)與周?chē)M織無(wú)粘連、表面光滑、體積小、無(wú)壓痛,不僅是免疫應(yīng)答的主要器官之一,也是接受抗原刺激,產(chǎn)生免疫應(yīng)答的場(chǎng)所。當(dāng)病原體入侵機(jī)體后,可通過(guò)毛細(xì)淋巴管回流入淋巴結(jié),淋巴細(xì)胞會(huì)產(chǎn)生淋巴因子和抗體,有效地清除其中的病原體,但對(duì)病毒和癌細(xì)胞的清除率非常低。當(dāng)身體某部分發(fā)生嚴(yán)重炎癥、腫瘤時(shí),均可引起淋巴結(jié)的疼痛、腫大。外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌屬于非小細(xì)胞肺癌[12,13],其中淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移是非小細(xì)胞肺癌最常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)移途徑之一[9],有無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)患者病情的分期、治療方案的選擇以及預(yù)后的判斷有重要意義。CT影像學(xué)檢查作為一種無(wú)創(chuàng)檢查手段,是目前臨床上評(píng)價(jià)外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌是否有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的主要手段之一[14]。CT灌注成像是通過(guò)靜脈注入對(duì)比劑后,連續(xù)掃描選定層面,橫坐標(biāo)為時(shí)間,縱坐標(biāo)為CT值,繪制時(shí)間-密度曲線,通過(guò)對(duì)比劑在組織中濃度的不同來(lái)反映組織灌注量的變化,是CT掃描史上的重大突破,通過(guò)無(wú)創(chuàng)手段獲取活體組織器官的相關(guān)生理參數(shù)[15,16],CT灌注成像也為腫瘤生長(zhǎng)、分級(jí)、治療手段、預(yù)后判斷提供相關(guān)生理參數(shù)。CT灌注成像基于對(duì)比劑具有放射性同位素彌散性,在靜脈快速團(tuán)注對(duì)比劑時(shí),對(duì)感興趣區(qū)層面進(jìn)行連續(xù)CT掃描,從而獲得感興趣區(qū)域的時(shí)間-密度曲線,并利用數(shù)學(xué)模型,計(jì)算出相應(yīng)的灌注參數(shù)值,能量化并有效地反映局部組織血流灌注量,對(duì)明確病灶的血供具有重要意義。CT灌注成像具有諸多優(yōu)勢(shì):成像速度比CT平掃快、掃描一次可通過(guò)重建得到不同層厚的數(shù)據(jù)、能完成大范圍掃描、圖像質(zhì)量提高等[17]。其中灌注相關(guān)參數(shù):強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)[18]、血流量(BF)可反映出腫瘤血管的通透程度和密集程度,可作為評(píng)價(jià)外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌生理指標(biāo)的重要依據(jù)[19,20]。
本研究中,選取2014年4月~2015年10月我院就診的320例外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌患者為研究對(duì)象,所有患者均進(jìn)行多層螺旋CT灌注成像,采用元相關(guān)分析的手段,探討患者多層螺旋CT灌注成像參數(shù):強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)和患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移以及術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示:320研究對(duì)象中,201例有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,119例無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組的強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);隨訪2年后,119例無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者中,87例出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,32例無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,有復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組的強(qiáng)化峰值(PEI)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);有復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組的血容量(BV)和無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移組無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)。
綜上所述,多層螺旋CT灌注成像能有效預(yù)測(cè)外周型小結(jié)節(jié)狀肺腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移情況,具有臨床指導(dǎo)意義,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-02)