李再儀 游澤山 羅宋 程卉
【摘要】目的探討不合并卵巢子宮內(nèi)膜異位囊腫的子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥(EMS)患者血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平是否受腹腔液AMH水平的影響,以及AMH評(píng)估腹膜型EMS患者卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能的價(jià)值。方法選擇經(jīng)腹腔鏡確診為單純腹膜型EMS的18例患者為A組,同期因子宮肌瘤行腹腔鏡剔除術(shù)且無(wú)不良孕產(chǎn)史的12例患者為B組。采用ELISA法檢測(cè)2組患者在術(shù)前和術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月的腹腔液及血清AMH水平,分析A組患者在各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)血清和腹腔液的AMH水平變化,比較2組患者的腹腔液及血清AMH水平差異。結(jié)果A組腹膜型EMS患者在術(shù)前和術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月的腹腔液AMH水平均高于血清AMH水平(P均<005);與術(shù)前比較,血清AMH水平在術(shù)后1個(gè)月下降,后呈逐漸上升趨勢(shì),但術(shù)后3個(gè)月仍未恢復(fù),術(shù)后6個(gè)月仍處于較低水平(P均<0008),而腹腔液AMH在術(shù)后1個(gè)月下降(P<0008),其后相鄰2個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0008)。A組患者在術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月的血清AMH水平均低于B組(P均<005),與此同時(shí)A組的腹腔液AMH水平均高于B組(P均<005)。結(jié)論腹膜型EMS患者腹腔內(nèi)AMH與血清AMH水平無(wú)相互影響。血清AMH是評(píng)價(jià)腹膜型EMS患者卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能的良好指標(biāo)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】抗苗勒管激素;腹膜型子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥;卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate whether the serum level of antiMüllerian hormone (AMH) was affected by the AMH level in the intraperitoneal fluid in patients diagnosed with endometriosis (EMS) without ovarian endometriosis cyst, and analyze the value of AMH in the evaluation of ovarian reserve in patients with peritoneal EMS MethodsEighteen patients who were diagnosed with simple peritoneal EMS by laparoscope were assigned into group A, and 12 hysteromyoma patients undergoing laparoscopic resection and without history of adverse pregnancy were allocated into group B The AMH levels of the intraperitoneal fluid and serumwere quantitatively measured by ELISA before and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery in all patients The changes in the serum and intraperitoneal fluid levels of AMH at each time point in group A were analyzed The intraperitoneal fluid and serum levels of AMH were statistically compared between two groups ResultsIn group A, the AMH levels in the intraperitoneal fluid were significantly higher compared with those in the serum samples at all time points (all P<005) The serum level of AMH at postoperative 1 month was considerably lower than preoperative level, which tended to gradually elevate, whereas it did not restore to preoperative level at postoperative 3 months The serum level of AMH at postoperative 6 months was still relatively low (all P<0008) The AMH level in the intraperitoneal fluid was significantly downregulated at postoperative 1 month (P<0008), and no statistical significance was noted between postoperative 3 and 6 months (both P>0008) In group A, the serum levels of AMH at postoperative 1, 3 and 6 months were significantly lower than those in group B (all P>005), whereas the AMH levels in the intraperitoneal fluid were dramatically higher compared with those in group B (all P<005) ConclusionsNo mutual effect is observed between the AMH levels in the intraperitoneal fluid and serum samples of peritoneal EMS patients Serum AMH level is a sensitive and reliable parameter to evaluate the ovarian reserve of patients with peritoneal EMS
【Key words】AntiMüllerian hormone; Peritoneal endometriosis; Ovarian reserve
子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥(EMS)是育齡期婦女的常見疾病之一,發(fā)病率逐年上升,其確診的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是腹腔鏡手術(shù)檢查[1]。EMS分為卵巢型、腹膜型、深部結(jié)節(jié)型和其他部位型。卵巢型EMS中,占位病變導(dǎo)致卵巢結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,囊腫剔除術(shù)可損傷正常的卵巢組織,術(shù)后卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能下降[23]。腹膜型EMS中,卵巢肉眼未見明顯病變,治療過(guò)程中不會(huì)損傷卵巢,但其卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能是否受影響,目前研究資料不多。抗苗勒管激素(AMH)為糖蛋白二聚體,主要由竇前卵泡與小竇卵泡的顆粒細(xì)胞分泌。血清AMH水平可反映卵子數(shù)量及質(zhì)量貯備[45]。研究表明,AMH 在整個(gè)月經(jīng)周期相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,波動(dòng)很小,可于任何時(shí)期檢測(cè),是評(píng)估卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能的理想指標(biāo)[6]。腹腔液彌散于盆腔臟器四周,且通過(guò)輸卵管傘端進(jìn)入輸卵管及子宮,構(gòu)成了腹腔內(nèi)生殖微環(huán)境。卵巢位于腹腔中,腹腔液對(duì)卵巢功能也有影響[78]。腹膜型EMS患者腹腔液中含有通過(guò)血漿滲透、經(jīng)血逆流、卵泡液滲透等各種途徑匯聚的AMH。本研究擬通過(guò)測(cè)定腹膜型EMS患者的血清和腹腔液AMH水平,探討腹膜型EMS患者的血清AMH水平是否受到腹腔液AMH水平的影響,進(jìn)而影響血清AMH對(duì)卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能的評(píng)估,以評(píng)價(jià)AMH對(duì)腹膜型EMS患者卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能的評(píng)估價(jià)值。
對(duì)象與方法
一、研究對(duì)象
選擇2015年2月至2017年2月在佛山市三水區(qū)婦幼保健院經(jīng)腹腔鏡確診為單純腹膜型EMS并行病灶電灼術(shù)的18例患者為A組,另選擇同時(shí)期在佛山市三水區(qū)婦幼保健院因子宮肌瘤行腹腔鏡剔除術(shù)的12例患者為B組。A組的納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):經(jīng)腹腔鏡確診為腹膜型的EMS患者且無(wú)其他合并癥,并排除卵巢輸卵管手術(shù)史、卵巢早衰、卵巢囊腫、術(shù)前性激素治療史。B組納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):因子宮肌瘤行腹腔鏡剔除手術(shù)的患者,無(wú)不良孕產(chǎn)史、卵巢輸卵管手術(shù)史、卵巢早衰、卵巢囊腫、術(shù)前性激素治療史。2組患者的年齡、BMI比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表1。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有入組患者均已簽署知情同意書。
二、方法
1手術(shù)操作
2組患者均在全身麻醉下進(jìn)行腹腔鏡手術(shù),其中A組患者行盆腔異位內(nèi)膜病灶電灼術(shù),B組患者行子宮肌瘤剔除術(shù)。2組創(chuàng)面均涂透明質(zhì)酸鈉防止術(shù)后粘連。所有腹腔鏡手術(shù)均由同一主刀醫(yī)師完成,術(shù)后均未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重出血、鄰近器官損傷、感染等并發(fā)癥。
2血液標(biāo)本的采集和處理
2組患者均于術(shù)前及術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月的月經(jīng)周期第3日上午空腹采集肘前靜脈血5 ml,常溫下靜置1 h。以3 000轉(zhuǎn)/分離心10 min,取上清液,-70℃保存待測(cè)。
3腹腔液標(biāo)本的采集和處理
2組患者均于靜脈采血當(dāng)日通過(guò)穿刺針吸取子宮直腸陷凹和子宮膀胱陷凹腹腔液,離心后取上清液,-70℃保存待測(cè)。
4檢測(cè)方法
使用人苗勒管抑制物質(zhì)(MIS)/AMH ELISA試劑盒(武漢產(chǎn))分別檢測(cè)2組患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月的血清和腹腔液AMH水平,具體操作按試劑盒說(shuō)明書要求進(jìn)行。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
使用SPSS 170處理數(shù)據(jù)。計(jì)量資料以[AKx-D]±s表示,多時(shí)點(diǎn)檢測(cè)資料行重復(fù)測(cè)量資料方差分析顯示處理和時(shí)間有交互作用,故同一時(shí)間點(diǎn)組間比較及組內(nèi)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)兩兩比較均采用t檢驗(yàn)。組間比較以P<005為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,組內(nèi)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)兩兩比較采用Bonferroni法校正檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn),即P<005/6=0008為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
結(jié)果
一、腹膜型EMS患者在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血清及腹腔液的AMH水平變化
術(shù)前和術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月,A組腹膜型EMS患者的腹腔液AMH水平均高于血清AMH水平(P均<005)。與術(shù)前比較,腹膜型EMS患者的血清AMH水平在術(shù)后1個(gè)月下降(P<0008),后呈逐漸上升趨勢(shì),但術(shù)后3個(gè)月仍未恢復(fù)(P<0008),術(shù)后6個(gè)月仍處于較低水平(P<0008);腹腔液AMH在術(shù)后1個(gè)月下降(P<0008),其后相鄰2個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0008),見表2。
二、A組與B組患者的血清AMH水平比較
術(shù)前2組患者的血清AMH水平比較無(wú)差異統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>005),術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月A組血清AMH水平均低于B組(P均<005),見表3。
三、A組與B組患者的腹腔液AMH水平比較
術(shù)前和術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月,A組患者的腹腔液AMH水平均高于B組(P均<005),見表4。
討論
EMS是一種常見的婦科疾病,具有種植、組織侵蝕、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移能力,因而術(shù)后易復(fù)發(fā)[9]。對(duì)于單純的腹膜型EMS,雖然卵巢無(wú)解剖性破壞,但盆腹腔結(jié)構(gòu)的粘連、腹腔液炎性因子改變、免疫細(xì)胞功能異常等改變,不但影響卵巢的血供、氧供,而且影響患者的激素水平,進(jìn)而影響卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能。
卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能是指卵巢存在形成可受精生殖細(xì)胞的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。卵巢內(nèi)存留的卵子數(shù)減少,則進(jìn)入生殖募集周期的卵泡數(shù)就少,使生育能力下降[10]。卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能有多種評(píng)估方法。AMH主要由顆粒細(xì)胞分泌,具有調(diào)控原始卵泡募集,減少卵泡耗損的作用。在竇前卵泡和直徑小于6 mm小竇狀卵泡的卵泡液中,AMH的分泌量最大。當(dāng)卵泡直徑超過(guò)8 mm時(shí),其分泌量急速下降。即卵泡直徑越大,其表達(dá)越低,直至無(wú)法檢測(cè),并且在閉鎖卵泡中無(wú)法檢測(cè)到AMH的表達(dá)。因此,血清AMH與原始卵泡數(shù)目相關(guān)[1112]。而且,AMH在月經(jīng)周期內(nèi)幾乎沒有變化,并可以在月經(jīng)周期中隨意獲得,不易受月經(jīng)周期、口服避孕藥等因素的干擾[13]。筆者前期研究亦顯示,AMH作為卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能的評(píng)估指標(biāo)優(yōu)于促卵泡生成素、雌二醇和黃體生成素,具有非常好的臨床應(yīng)用前景[14]。
本研究顯示,A組在腹腔鏡手術(shù)前和術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月的腹腔液AMH水平均高于血清AMH水平;而且從數(shù)值的變化趨勢(shì)而言,血清AMH水平在術(shù)后1個(gè)月下降,后呈逐漸上升趨勢(shì),但術(shù)后3個(gè)月仍未恢復(fù),術(shù)后6個(gè)月仍處于低水平;而其腹腔液AMH水平在術(shù)后1個(gè)月下降,此后無(wú)明顯變化。與此同時(shí),A組術(shù)前和術(shù)后1、3、6個(gè)月的血清AMH水平均低于B組,各時(shí)間點(diǎn)腹腔液AMH水平卻均高于B組。結(jié)果表明腹膜型EMS患者行腹腔鏡手術(shù)對(duì)卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能有一定影響,且血清AMH水平和腹腔液AMH水平具有相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定性,不會(huì)互相影響,血清AMH水平可用于評(píng)估腹膜型EMS患者的卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能。
綜上所述,腹膜型EMS患者的腹腔液AMH水平不影響血清AMH水平,血清AMH在腹膜型EMS患者的臨床卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能評(píng)價(jià)中是一個(gè)良好的指標(biāo)。
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(收稿日期:20171008)
(本文編輯:林燕薇)