彭琪琪,羊 健,廖乾生,*,張恒木,*
(1.浙江理工大學(xué) 生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,浙江 杭州 310018;2.浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院 病毒與生物技術(shù)研究所,浙江 杭州 310021)
一個植物半胱氨酸蛋白酶多克隆抗體的制備及其應(yīng)用
彭琪琪1,羊 健2,廖乾生1,*,張恒木2,*
(1.浙江理工大學(xué) 生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,浙江 杭州 310018;2.浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院 病毒與生物技術(shù)研究所,浙江 杭州 310021)
摘 要:半胱氨酸蛋白酶(cysteine proteinase,CysP)是一類重要的蛋白酶家族,廣泛參與植物多種生理過程。為了分析植物CysP的特性,本實驗首先通過RT-PCR技術(shù)從本氏煙中擴增獲得了一個編碼CysP的基因(NbCysP)序列并連接至pEASYTM-T5 Zero載體,測序驗證后亞克隆至原核表達載體pGEX-6P1,命名為pGEX-NbCysP;將其導(dǎo)入大腸埃希菌BL21plysS中誘導(dǎo)表達;重組表達的NbCysP融合蛋白經(jīng)過親和層析純化,免疫兔子制備多克隆抗體,Western印跡分析顯示,該抗體能和重組NbCysP蛋白發(fā)生強烈的免疫學(xué)反應(yīng)且條帶單一,表明所獲得的CysP抗體具有良好的特異性。上述結(jié)果為進一步鑒定植物CysP的功能特性奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞:半胱氨酸蛋白酶;原核表達;多克隆抗體
半胱氨酸蛋白酶(cysteine proteinase,CysP) 是一類維持生物體內(nèi)蛋白代謝平衡的重要蛋白酶家族,廣泛參與生物體的多種生理過程。近年來,研究人員相繼從擬南芥[1]、煙草[2]、番茄[3]、水稻[4]、月季[5]和油菜[5]等植物中克隆到多種半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因。這些半胱氨酸蛋白酶大多屬于papain(木瓜蛋白酶),其催化三聯(lián)體主要由半胱氨酸(Cys)、組氨酸(His)、天冬氨酸或天冬酰胺(Asp/Asn)組成,它們在肽鏈中的排列順序依次為Cys-His-Asn/Asp[6]。前人研究顯示,半胱氨酸蛋白酶不僅參與液泡內(nèi)蛋白的水解作用[7]、轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控等過程[8],而且在植物與病原互作過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。Shindo等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn)擬南芥的一個CysP突變體對真菌Botrytiscinerea更為敏感;Kaschani等[10]利用VIGS技術(shù)沉默半胱氨酸蛋白酶C14基因,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致植株對卵菌Phytophthorainfestans更為感病。同樣,西紅柿半胱氨酸蛋白酶RCR3基因的突變不僅破壞了基于Cf-2介導(dǎo)的真菌抗性,其突變體植株甚至對卵菌P.infestans更為敏感[11-13]。另外,CysP也可以成為真菌、細菌、病毒等多種病原物的靶標(biāo),例如,番茄黃花葉曲葉病毒(Tomatoyellowleafcurlgeminivirus,TYLCV)的沉默抑制子V2與半胱氨酸蛋白酶CYP1互作并抑制其蛋白酶活性[14];細菌R.solanacearum蛋白PopP2與半胱氨酸蛋白酶RD19互作并使其定位于細胞核,從而干擾其介導(dǎo)的抗病活性[15]。
由于CysP在植物生長發(fā)育過程中的多重作用,受到研究人員越來越多的重視,但在模式植物——本氏煙的研究尚少。為了鑒定本氏煙CysP的功能特性,本實驗從本氏煙中克隆了一個半胱氨酸蛋白酶家族蛋白基因(NbCysP),制備該蛋白的特異性多克隆抗體。
本氏煙種子由本實驗室保存并種植于人工氣候溫室;大腸埃希菌DH5α、BL21(DE3)plysS等感受態(tài)細胞和克隆載體pEASYTM-T5 Zero購自北京全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司;pGEX-6P1載體購自Novagen公司;DNA限制性內(nèi)切酶購自NEB公司;ExTaq酶系列、dNTP Mix購自TaKaRa公司;T4 DNA 連接酶購自Thermo fisher scientific公司;PCR Mix購自南京諾唯贊生物科技有限公司;QIA quick Gel Extraction 試劑盒購自QIAGEN 公司;逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒購自Toyobo公司;羊抗兔IgG(過氧化物酶共價結(jié)合)購自Sigma公司;Novex ECL HRP Chemiluminescent Substrate Reagent Kit購自Invitrogen公司。
收集新鮮的本氏煙葉片,利用TRIzol試劑,參照說明書提取本氏煙總RNA。按照羊健等[16]方法提取葉片總蛋白。提取的本氏煙葉片總RNA和總蛋白置于-80℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
根據(jù)NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫中本氏煙NbCysP序列(登錄號:XM_009771452)設(shè)計上游引物P-F(5′-CGGGATCCATGGCAACTCATAGCTCCACT-3′,下劃線部分為BamHⅠ酶切位點)和下游引物P-R(5′-ACGCGTCGACGACTCGAACCTTCCCACTTAAG-3′,下劃線部分為SalⅠ酶切位點)。以提取的本氏煙總RNA為模板,P-R為逆轉(zhuǎn)錄引物,參考Toyobo公司試劑盒說明書逆轉(zhuǎn)錄獲得cDNA;取1~50 ng cDNA為模板,2μL上、下游引物(濃度為10μmol·L-1),再按照試劑盒說明調(diào)制PCR反應(yīng)體系,94℃預(yù)變性5min;94℃變性30s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸75s,35個循環(huán)。擴增產(chǎn)物經(jīng)1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳并用QIA quick Gel Extraction試劑盒純化后,連接至pEASYTM-T5 Zero載體,轉(zhuǎn)化大腸埃希菌DH5α菌株,經(jīng)菌落PCR和雙酶切鑒定獲得含目的基因的陽性克??;目的基因再經(jīng)BamHⅠ與SalⅠ雙酶切和純化后與相同雙酶切的原核表達載體pGEX-6P1連接,轉(zhuǎn)化大腸埃希菌DH5α,菌落PCR和測序鑒定后獲得含有目的基因的表達載體pGEX-NbCysP。
將重組表達載體pGEX-NbCysP轉(zhuǎn)化大腸埃希菌BL21(DE3)plysS菌株,挑取單菌落接種于含有50mg·mL-1氨芐的(Amp)LB培養(yǎng)基,于37℃培養(yǎng)過夜,第2天按1%的接種量轉(zhuǎn)接到含Amp的新鮮LB培養(yǎng)基中,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)至D600值為0.5~0.8時加入IPTG,37℃繼續(xù)振蕩培養(yǎng)2~3h后,12000r·min-1離心1min收集,提取細菌總蛋白,按照羊健等[16]的方法分析重組蛋白的表達特點。
參照GST.Bind Resin親和層析試劑盒說明書,純化重組的NbCysP蛋白。按照羊健等[16]方法用PBS緩沖液溶解純化的蛋白,將純化重組的NbCysP蛋白乳化后作為抗原免疫兔子,免疫3次后3~4d取血,4℃放置過夜,離心收集血清。
提取的本氏煙總蛋白經(jīng)SDS-PAGE后,電轉(zhuǎn)移至硝酸纖維膜上,以制備的NbCysP多克隆抗體為一抗,用HRP Chemiluminescent Substrate Reagent Kit 進行Western印跡分析,用Amersham imager 600(GE公司)成像系統(tǒng)獲取圖像信號。
我們首先以本氏煙總RNA為模板,利用引物對P-F/P-R進行PCR擴增,瓊脂糖凝膠電泳顯示NbCysP的特異性擴增片段大小約為1 400bp(圖1),與預(yù)期大小一致。對其切膠純化后,連接到T5克隆載體并轉(zhuǎn)化大腸埃希菌DH5α,經(jīng)菌落PCR和BamHⅠ/SalⅠ雙酶切鑒定(圖1),獲得含有目的基因片段的重組克隆載體pT5-NbCysP。為了構(gòu)建NbCysP蛋白的原核表達載體,從pT5-NbCysP質(zhì)粒上切下目的片段,亞克隆至同樣經(jīng)雙酶切的表達載體pGEX-6P1上,轉(zhuǎn)化大腸埃希菌DH5α菌株,然后經(jīng)雙酶切(圖1)鑒定,獲得含有目的基因的重組原核表達載體質(zhì)粒pGEX-NbCysP,測序結(jié)果也表明,該重組質(zhì)粒中所含目的基因序列與數(shù)據(jù)庫中序列完全一致,且具有完整的開放閱讀框。
M,DL2000 DNA marker;1,NbCysP的PCR擴增產(chǎn)物;2,BamHⅠ和SalⅠ雙酶切pT5-NbCysP;3,BamHⅠ和SalⅠ雙酶切pGEX-NbCysP。M,DL2000 DNA marker;1,PCR amplification product of NbCysP;2,Double digestion of pT5-NbCysP by BamHⅠ and SalⅠ;3,Double digestion of pGEX-NbCysP by BamHⅠ and SalⅠ.圖1 重組載體質(zhì)粒pT5-NbCysP和pGEX-NbCysP的鑒定Fig.1 Identification of recombinant plasmids pT5-NbCysP and pGEX-NbCysP
為了確定NbCysP重組蛋白是否表達,將誘導(dǎo)表達細菌樣品的總蛋白用于SDS-PAGE分析。結(jié)果顯示,與對照相比,含重組質(zhì)粒pGEX-NbCysP的樣品中存在一條高濃度的蛋白質(zhì)條帶,分子質(zhì)量大小約77ku(圖2);根據(jù)DNA man 6.0 程序計算,NbCysP相對分子質(zhì)量預(yù)計約51ku,pGEX-6P1載體中GST標(biāo)簽大小約26ku,二者融合蛋白總相對分子質(zhì)量與SDS-PAGE結(jié)果基本一致。為了表達大量的目的蛋白以利于純化,又對誘導(dǎo)條件進行了優(yōu)化,發(fā)現(xiàn)IPTG終濃度為1.0mmol·L-1,37℃誘導(dǎo)3h的條件下表達效果較好,之后的研究均采用同樣的條件。為了獲得純化的蛋白,我們利用GST Bind Resin進行親和層析純化了重組的NbCysP蛋白。純化的蛋白經(jīng)SDS-PAGE檢測為單一條帶且大小與上述結(jié)果一致(圖2-B),表明獲得純化的重組NbCysP蛋白。
M,蛋白marker;1,誘導(dǎo)后的BL21 playS;2,誘導(dǎo)后的僅含pGEX-6P1空載體的宿主菌;3,誘導(dǎo)后含pGEX-NbCysP的宿主菌;4~5,純化的NbCysP蛋白。M,Protein marker;1,The induced BL21 playS;2,The induced host bacteria with pGEX empty vector;3,The induced host bacteria with pGEX-NbCysP;4-5,purified NbCysP protein.圖2 SDS-PAGE分析重組NbCysP蛋白Fig.2 Analysis of recombinant NbCysP protein by SDS-PAGE
為了分析NbCysP多克隆抗體的特異性,將純化的抗體按1∶5000的比例稀釋并用于原核表達蛋白的檢測,Western印跡結(jié)果表明,在含pGEX-NbCysP的大腸埃希菌裂解物樣品中檢測到一條強烈的信號條帶,且該條帶特異性地位于相對分子質(zhì)量約77ku(圖3),而在不含重組載體質(zhì)粒的大腸埃希菌裂解物樣品中則檢測不到反應(yīng)信號(圖3),這些結(jié)果表明,本研究所制備的多克隆抗體能夠與目標(biāo)蛋白發(fā)生免疫學(xué)反應(yīng)且條帶單一,所獲得的NbCysP多克隆抗體具有良好的特異性。
為了進一步應(yīng)用該抗血清,我們又提取了本氏煙植株的總蛋白,利用該多克隆抗體進行Western 印跡(圖4)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)該多克隆抗體可與本氏煙樣品發(fā)生強烈的血清學(xué)反應(yīng),且反應(yīng)條帶特異性地位于相對分子質(zhì)量約51ku處,表明該抗體可特異性地與本氏煙內(nèi)源CysP蛋白反應(yīng),支持該抗體具有良好特異性的結(jié)論。
M,蛋白marker;1,不含質(zhì)粒的大腸埃希菌菌株;2~4,誘導(dǎo)表達的含pGEX-6P1-NbCysP的菌株。M,Protein marker;1,The induced BL21 playS;2-4,The induced host bacteria with pGEX-NbCysP.圖3 Western印跡分析多克隆抗體的特異性Fig.3 Specificity of polyclonal antibody by Western blotting assays
M,蛋白marker;1~3,本氏煙植物樣品的生物學(xué)重復(fù)。M,Protein marker;1-3,Biological replicates of N.benthamiana samples.圖4 多克隆抗體在本氏煙內(nèi)源NbCysP檢測中的應(yīng)用Fig.4 Application of multiclonal antibodies for detection of endogenous NbCysP in N.benthamiana
半胱氨酸蛋白酶廣泛參與植物的各種生理活動,是植物體內(nèi)重要的調(diào)節(jié)因子。本研究中克隆的NbCysP與擬南芥的Cathepsin B、RD21A、本氏煙Cathepsin B,番茄C14等都屬于半胱氨酸蛋白酶家族且具有一定的氨基酸序列同源性[9,17]。研究表明擬南芥和本氏煙Cathepsin B均可參與細胞的程序性死亡(PCD)過程[18-19],是植物超敏反應(yīng)過程中一個關(guān)鍵因子;如Cathepsin B基因突變的擬南芥植株P(guān)CD過程受到抑制。擬南芥RD21A蛋白除了參與免疫反應(yīng)之外,還在衰老的葉片組織中大量積累,表明擬南芥RD21A蛋白還在植物衰老過程中起作用[9,20]。番茄C14蛋白酶與P.infestansAvrBlb2互作,阻止C14分泌進入質(zhì)體從而抑制其介導(dǎo)的抗病反應(yīng)[21],表明番茄C14半胱氨酸蛋白酶在植物抗病過程中起重要作用。但本研究克隆的NbCysP功能研究尚未見報道。本研究中,我們還制備了NbCysP的多克隆抗體,Western印跡分析顯示該抗體具有良好的特異性,這為深入分析NbCysP的功能奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
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Preparationandapplicationofmulticlonalantibodyagainstplantcysteineproteinase
PENG Qiqi1,YANG Jian2,LIAO Qiansheng1,*,ZHANG Hengmu2,*
(1.CollegeofLifeSciences,ZhejiangSci-TechUniversity,Hangzhou310018,China;2.InstituteofVirologyandBiotechnology,ZhejiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Hangzhou310021,China)
Abstract:Cysteine proteases(CysPs) are a family of important proteases that are involved in a wide range of plant physiological processes.To characterize such proteinase,a gene encoding CysP was amplified by RT-PCR fromNicotianabenthamianaplants and ligated into pEASYTM-T5 Zero vector.The insertion was sequenced and then sub-cloned into the prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-6P1,named as pGEX-NbCysP.The plasmid was transformed intoEscherichiacoliBL21plysS for inducible expression.The recombinant NbCysP fusion protein was purified with affinity chromatography and used for producing polyclonal antibody by immunizing rabbits.In immunoblotting assays,the polyclonal antibody could react strongly with the recombinant NbCysP protein as the presence of a single band,indicating that the antibody was specific against the proteinase.These results laid a foundation for further characterization of its function.
Key words:cysteine proteinase;prokaryotic expression;multiclonal antibodies
中圖分類號:Q78
A
文章編號:1004-1524(2018)06-0881-05
收稿日期:2018-03-28
基金項目:國家自然科學(xué)基金(3150160)
作者簡介:彭琪琪(1992—),男,河南駐馬店人,碩士研究生,主要從事植物病理學(xué)研究。E-mail:1399767318@qq.com
,廖乾生,E-mail:qshliao@aliyun.com;張恒木,E-mail:zhhengmu@tsinghua.org.cn
10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.06.01
(責(zé)任編輯張 韻)