文 /曉 菲
信仰的力量
——《湯姆叔叔的小屋》賞析
文 /曉 菲
Tom had been lying two days since the fatal night,not suffering,for every nerve of suffering was blunted and destroyed.He lay,for the most part,in a quiet stupor;for the laws of a powerful and well-knit frame would not at once release the imprisoned spirit.By stealth,there had been there,in the darkness of the night,poor desolated(荒涼的;孤獨(dú)的)creatures,who stole from their scanty hours’rest,that they might repay to him some of those ministrations of love in which he had always been so abundant.Truly,those poor disciples had little to give,-only the cup of cold water;but it was given with full hearts.
自從那不幸的一夜后,湯姆已經(jīng)躺了兩天。他不覺得痛,因?yàn)樯砩纤械母杏X神經(jīng)都已遭到破壞,麻木了。大部分時(shí)間他不省人事、一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地躺著,因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)強(qiáng)健結(jié)實(shí)的軀體有自己的、不會(huì)立刻釋放禁錮其中的靈魂。夜深人靜之時(shí),孤苦可憐的黑奴們?cè)谒麄兒苌俚男菹r(shí)間里偷偷去看望過他,以便能稍稍報(bào)答一下他出于愛心對(duì)他們的大量幫助。是的,這些可憐的弟子們沒有什么東西給他,只有一杯冷水,但充滿了真誠的心意。
Tears had fallen on that honest,insensible face,-tears of late repentance in the poor,ignorant heathen,whom his dying love and patience had awakened to repentance,and bitter prayers,breathed over him to a late-found Saviour,of whom they scarce knew more than the name,but whom the yearning ignorant heart ofman never implores in vain.
也曾有眼淚落在那誠實(shí)的、失去了知覺的臉上,這是可憐、無知的異教徒新近懺悔的眼淚。湯姆在瀕臨死亡時(shí)的愛心和堅(jiān)忍喚醒了他們,使他們懺悔;他們還為他向新近才找到的救主傷心地祈禱,他們雖然除了他的名字外對(duì)救主一無所知,但對(duì)發(fā)自無知而渴切的心底的祈禱他是不會(huì)不聽的。
Cassy,who had glided out of her place of concealment, and, by overhearing, learned the sacrifice that had been made for her and Emmeline,had been there,the night before,defying the danger of detection;and,moved by the last few words which the affectionate soul had yet strength to breathe,the long winter of despair,the ice of years,had given way,and the dark,despairing woman had wept and prayed.
卡西曾偷偷從藏身之處溜出來過。她無意中聽到湯姆為她和艾米琳所作的犧牲,不顧被發(fā)現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn),于前一夜去看了湯姆。這憂郁而絕望的女人被這充滿深情的人用剩下的一點(diǎn)力氣說出的最后幾句話深深感動(dòng)了。那漫長的、寒冬般的絕望,那冰封的歲月全都消融了。她流著眼淚祈禱著。
When George entered the shed,he felt his head giddy and his heart sick.
當(dāng)喬治走進(jìn)那棚子時(shí),頓覺天旋地轉(zhuǎn),極其痛苦。
“Is it possible,-is it possible?” said he,kneeling down by him.“Uncle Tom,my poor,poor old friend!”
“這可能嗎?這可能嗎?”他說著跪在了他身旁,“湯姆叔叔,我那可憐的、苦命的老朋友!”
Something in the voice penetrated to the ear of the dying.
這聲音里有某種東西穿透了這個(gè)垂危者的耳鼓。
He moved his head gently,smiled,and said,“Jesus can make a dying-bed feel soft as down pillows are.”
湯姆輕輕動(dòng)了一下頭,微笑著說:“耶穌能使瀕臨死亡的人的病床柔軟得和羽絨枕頭一樣?!?/p>
Tears which did honor to his manly heart fell from the young man’s eyes,as he bent over his poor friend.
年輕人彎腰看他可憐的朋友時(shí),眼中流下了值得尊敬的男子漢的眼淚。
“O,dear Uncle Tom!do wake,-do speak once more!Look up!Here’s Mas’r George,-your own little Mas’r George.Don’t you know me?”
“啊,親愛的湯姆叔叔,請(qǐng)你醒醒吧!再說一句話吧!看呀,喬治少爺來了,你心愛的小喬治少爺呀!你認(rèn)不出我了嗎?”
“Mas’r George!” said Tom,opening his eyes,and speaking in a feeble voice;“Mas’r George!”He looked bewildered.
“喬治少爺!”湯姆說著睜開了眼睛,聲音十分微弱地說道,“喬治少爺!”他好像有點(diǎn)莫名其妙。
Slowly the idea seemed to fill his soul;and the vacant eye became fixed and brightened,the whole face lighted up,the hard hands clasped,and tears ran down the cheeks.
慢慢地,這個(gè)念頭似乎充滿他的心靈。那雙毫無表情的眼睛發(fā)出亮光,視線集中起來,整個(gè)臉露出笑容,粗硬的手緊握起來,眼淚從臉上流了下來。
“Bless the Lord!it is,-it is,-it’s all I wanted!They haven’t forgot me.It warms my soul;it does my heart good!Now I shall die content!Bless the Lord,on my soul!”
“贊美上帝!這,——這,——這正是我希望得到的!他們沒有忘記我。它使我心靈感到溫暖;讓我心里覺得高興!現(xiàn)在我死而無憾了!贊美上帝吧,我的靈魂!”
“You shan’t die!you mustn’t die,nor think of it!I’ve come to buy you,and take you home,”said George,with impetuous vehemence.
“你不會(huì)死!你不能死!別想到死!我是來贖你,帶你回家的?!眴讨谓辜倍?dòng)地說。
“O,Mas’r George,you’re too late.The Lord’s bought me,and is going to take me home,-and I long to go.Heaven is better than Kintuck.”
“啊,喬治少爺,你來得太晚了。上帝已經(jīng)贖下我,要帶我回家了。我熱切盼望能去,天國比肯塔基要好。”
“O,don’t die!It’ll kill me! -it’ll break my heart to think what you’ve suffered,-and lying in this old shed,here!Poor,poor fellow!”
“啊,千萬別死!這會(huì)要我的命!想到你受的罪我多傷心啊,而且還躺在這么個(gè)破棚子里!可憐的、苦命的人!”
“Don’t call me poor fellow!” said Tom,solemnly, “I have been poor fellow;but that’s all past and gone,now.I’m right in the door,going into glory!O,Mas’r George!Heaven has come!I’ve got the victory!-the Lord Jesus has given it to me!Glory be to his name!”
“別叫我是個(gè)苦命的人!”湯姆嚴(yán)肅地說,“我曾經(jīng)是個(gè)苦命人,但這一切都已經(jīng)過去了?,F(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)到了天國的門口,就要進(jìn)去了!啊,喬治少爺!天國來臨了!我已經(jīng)得到了勝利——是主耶穌給予我的勝利!光榮屬于主的名字!”
George was awestruck at the force, the vehemence,the power,with which these broken sentences were uttered.He sat gazing in silence.
喬治被湯姆斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地說這幾句話時(shí)的力量、熱情和氣勢(shì)感動(dòng)得肅然起敬,他坐在那里默默地注視著湯姆。
At this moment,the sudden flush of strength which the joy of meeting his young master had infused into the dying man gave way.
這時(shí),見到小主人的快樂突然在這將要死去的人身上產(chǎn)生的一股力量漸漸消失了。他閉上眼睛,很快就不行了。臉上出現(xiàn)了那神秘而莊嚴(yán)的變化,說明另一個(gè)世界快要到來了。
A sudden sinking fell upon him;he closed his eyes;and that mysterious and sublime change passed over his face,that told the approach of other worlds.
He began to draw his breath with long,deep inspirations;and his broad chest rose and fell,heavily.The expression of his face was that of a conqueror.
他艱難地喘息著,寬闊的胸膛緩緩起伏。一絲笑意浮現(xiàn)在他的臉上,仿佛洋溢著勝利者的驕傲和愉悅。
1.fatal:adj.致命的;攸關(guān)的;毀滅性的;嚴(yán)重的;重大的
2.stupor:n.昏迷;恍惚;目光呆滯;驚愕 3.stealth:n.秘密行動(dòng);鬼祟
4.scanty:adj.(大小或數(shù)量)不足的;勉強(qiáng)夠的
5.m inistration:n. 幫助;服侍 6.repentance:n. 悔改;懺悔
7.yearning:n.思念;渴望;adj.思念的;渴望的
8.bew ilder:vt.使迷惑;使為難;使手足無措;使變糊涂
9.impetuous:adj.沖動(dòng)的;魯莽的;迅疾的;猛烈的
10.vehemence:n.強(qiáng)烈;猛烈;熱烈;憤怒
11.sublime:adj.莊嚴(yán)的;雄偉的;令人贊嘆的;n.莊嚴(yán);崇高;vt.(使)升華;(使)變高尚
信仰是什么?有人說是宗教,有人說是科學(xué)。于我而言,信仰更像是一種人生態(tài)度,或者是從價(jià)值觀里折射出來的一種終極追求。有信仰并不稀奇,但是,倘若在人生的起起落落里,不管是在夢(mèng)想的希望冉冉升起之時(shí),還是消失殆盡那刻,你都能堅(jiān)守住內(nèi)心深處最初的信仰,才是最難能可貴的。小說的主人公湯姆叔叔,用自己一生坎坷的遭遇向我們?cè)忈屃诵叛龅牧α俊?/p>
湯姆叔叔是19世紀(jì)中期美國肯塔基州一名白人農(nóng)場(chǎng)主家的黑奴。他工作勤勤懇懇,忠心維護(hù)主人的利益。但因?yàn)橹魅送顿Y失利,在那個(gè)販賣奴隸盛行的年代,很自然地,湯姆被主人賣給了奴隸販子用來抵債,從此妻離子散,開啟了他這一生更為悲慘的際遇。
不是沒有過希望。在被押運(yùn)去南方的船上,湯姆的歌聲吸引了身患絕癥的小女孩伊娃的注意力。明知未來等待他的將是更大的災(zāi)難,他依舊愉快地歌唱。歌聲縈繞在密西西比河畔,將落日的余霞都媲美下去。善良的伊娃懇求父親買下湯姆。這名勤勞的家奴也用更多的付出來回報(bào)主人的恩賜。本來很快就能換取那一紙贖回自由身的契書,與失散多年的妻兒團(tuán)聚,只可惜主人死于一場(chǎng)突如其來的意外,湯姆又一次被倒賣。而這一次,運(yùn)氣沒那么好,他被販賣到以欺詐黑奴出名的惡毒農(nóng)場(chǎng)主家。
夢(mèng)想的希望就此凝固。在南方寬廣的星空下,眼淚、怨恨、痛苦,全無回應(yīng)。湯姆叔叔面對(duì)命運(yùn)一次次無情的挑釁,他更虔誠地向上帝禱告,更勤勉地工作,更無私地用一己之力來幫助別人。這就是他的信仰,也是苦難降臨時(shí)他維護(hù)信仰的方式。如此堅(jiān)定,直到生命的最后一刻,篤信不疑。
當(dāng)讀者閱讀本期節(jié)選的這一章時(shí),看到湯姆臨死前依舊未能等到自由,未能等到妻兒團(tuán)聚,或許會(huì)疑惑:湯姆叔叔的信仰到底給予了他怎樣的回報(bào)?最后他還不是慘死在主人的鞭子下嗎?可是,湯姆傳承下來的精神,感動(dòng)了曾經(jīng)的主人謝爾比的后代喬治少爺。喬治釋放了自家農(nóng)場(chǎng)所有的黑奴,并發(fā)誓要將湯姆叔叔善良、無私、敬業(yè)的品德發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。曾被湯姆叔叔救過的伊莉莎一家、艾米琳、凱茜等黑奴們,在世界的其他角落與家人健康、幸福地生活著。誰說這些不是回報(bào)呢?至少對(duì)湯姆來說,他一定非常感恩這樣的結(jié)局。
《湯 姆 叔 叔 的 小 屋》(Uncle Tom’s Cabin)是一部具有重要?dú)v史影響力的文學(xué)巨著。美國作家哈里特·比徹·斯托(斯托夫人)于1852年發(fā)表了這部反奴隸制小說。它揭示了當(dāng)時(shí)美國社會(huì)的主要矛盾,樹立起反對(duì)奴隸制的旗幟,影響了美國的歷史進(jìn)程,并在美國南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮了積極作用。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)平息后,奴隸制度被順利廢除。人們可以自由地選擇信仰,為夢(mèng)想而戰(zhàn)。眼前美國這一片和平的土地,想必正是湯姆叔叔的愿望吧。
陳曉菲:畢業(yè)于北京師范大學(xué)英美文學(xué)專業(yè),獲美國俄勒岡州政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金赴美留學(xué)深造。精通英語,酷愛文學(xué)。愿用手中筆,記下心中愛。
李丁文