從句是組成句子的高級結(jié)構(gòu),能夠提升學生的寫作水平。然而部分考生難以分清從句的類型而亂用、錯用引導詞,因此,非常有必要尋找科學有效的方法對從句,特別是部分特定的主從復合句給以分類、歸納、熟記并加以訓練和利用,這樣就考生們就一定能夠在高考的書面表達中獲取高分。
1. 首先判斷是否下列特定詞后的從句
1.1 下列名詞后的從句常用that 引導(同位語從句,that不可省):
1) News / Word (消息) came that...
2) information, belief, fact, order, hope, thought, truth, evidence, idea, possibility, request, promise, decision, conclusion, proposal 等;
1.2 下列詞語后的從句常用where引導:
1) sb. + remain + where...
2) put / leave / lay / place + n. + where + S + V...
(狀語從句。另要熟記該句式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)中依然用where)
3) 下列名詞后常用where引導定語從句(從句中不缺主語也不缺賓語):
situation, condition, case, race, scene, activity, position, site, point, process, family, job, system;
1.3 表前后轉(zhuǎn)折對比時常見句式:
1) He works hard, while / yet his young brother doesnt. (然而)
2) He works hard; however, his brother hasnt made any progress. (然而)
3) He works hard; his brother hasnt made any progress, though. (然而)
4) Its a great meal, though / although it cost us much money. (盡管)
5) While / Although it is freezing, the boys are playing outdoors. (盡管)
2. 其次判斷是否下列特定句式中的從句
2.1 常用when句式:
1) sb. was -ing sth. when... (正在……這時……)
2) sb. was about to do sth. when... (正要……這時……)
3) sb. had -ed sth. when... (剛剛完成……這時……)
4) Days are gone when... (……的日子一去不復返了)
5) occasion + when... (……的狀況、環(huán)境)
2.2 常用before或since引導的從句:
“It + be + 一段時間 + since / before + S + / does do/ did...”
若be是 is / has been用since表“自……來多久了”;若是be的其他形式則用before表 “才、就 ……”:
2.3 常用as引導的句式:
1) 句首是名詞原形、動詞原形、或形容詞、副詞時用as表“雖然,盡管”:
① Child as he is, he knows a lot.
② Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.
③ Try as he might, he couldnt find a job.
2) 下列句式中常用as, 表:“像,按照”,“正如,正像”
① as sb. did / do / does;
② as (sb. be) told to
③ as is + -ed
④ as ... saying goes
⑤ as is often the case
3. 辨析以下句式中的引導詞
① It is / was + not until ... + that ...
② It is / was + not ... but ... + that ...
③ It is / was + because ... + that ...
④ It is / was + 介詞 + 時間性詞語+ that ...
⑤ It is / was + 時間點 + when ... (時間從句)
4. 結(jié)語
從句類型豐富多彩,除以上特定句式外,更多的是一般情況的從句,處理該類問題是均需要分清從句類型并依據(jù)不同從句的特定要求判斷引導詞。掌握基本的從句引導詞判定規(guī)則并加以時常運用,一定能夠很好地提升寫作水平。
范懷濤. 英語簡明用法解讀[M]. 長春: 吉林人民出版社, 2016.
(作者單位:山東省棗莊市第三中學)