王麗莉 黃偉煒 吳 凡 陳 侃 洪 熠 李重穎 劉 健
福建省腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)科 福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院,福建福州 350014
白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇單藥作為二線及以上方案治療晚期乳腺癌的臨床觀察
王麗莉 黃偉煒 吳 凡 陳 侃 洪 熠 李重穎 劉 健▲
福建省腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)科 福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院,福建福州 350014
目的 探討白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇單藥作為二線及以上方案治療晚期乳腺癌的臨床資料,探討白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇在晚期乳腺癌多線治療中的療效和安全性。方法 將2013年1月~2016年1月在我院已接受過一線治療的46例晚期乳腺癌患者作為研究對象,所有患者均給予白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇治療,對患者臨床治療有效率﹑中位無進(jìn)展生存時間(PFS)及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況進(jìn)行綜合評價。結(jié)果 46例晚期乳腺癌患者中無完全緩解者,部分緩解(PR)為15例,疾病穩(wěn)定(SD)者19例,疾病進(jìn)展12例,有效率(RR)為32.6%,疾病控制率達(dá)到73.9%,PFS為5.0個月;且患者不良反應(yīng)主要以白細(xì)胞減少﹑血小板減少﹑脫發(fā)等為主,經(jīng)過治療患者均耐受。結(jié)論 白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇單藥作為二線及以上方案治療晚期乳腺癌,操作簡單,療效顯著,毒副作用低,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇;單藥;多線方案;晚期乳腺癌;毒副作用
作為臨床中一種極為常見的惡性腫瘤疾病,乳腺癌具有較高的發(fā)病率與病死率,通常當(dāng)患者確診時已發(fā)展到晚期,錯失了手術(shù)治療最佳時期[1],二線及以上治療失敗后化療方案的選擇成為臨床工作的難點(diǎn)[2]。作為一種新輔劑型紫杉醇,白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇能夠于腫瘤局部產(chǎn)生高濃度紫杉醇,對于延長患者生存質(zhì)量有著重要的作用[3]。為探究其臨床安全性與有效性,研究收集我院46例晚期乳腺癌患者的病例資料予以分析,現(xiàn)報道如下。
收集2013年1月~2016年1月我院晚期乳腺癌患者的臨床資料,共46例,年齡27~64歲,平均(51.5±6.6)歲,其中浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌38例(82.6%),浸潤性小葉癌 4例(8.7%),單純癌 3例(6.5%),乳頭狀癌1例(2.2%);絕經(jīng)前 12例(26.1%),絕經(jīng)后34例(73.9%)。美國東部腫瘤協(xié)作組(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)[4]評分:0分2例,1分36例,2分8例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)經(jīng)過臨床診斷及病理學(xué)檢查,所有患者均符合晚期乳腺癌的臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5];(2)接受一線及以上方案化療失敗者;(3)預(yù)計(jì)生存期≥3個月。
表1 46例晚期乳腺癌患者臨床療效評價[n(%)]
注射用白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇由美國Abraxis生物科學(xué)公司生產(chǎn)提供,規(guī)格為100mg/瓶,準(zhǔn)字號:H20130650。
所有患者均給予白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇治療,嚴(yán)格按照說明書將白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇凍干粉采用0.9%氯化鈉注射液溶解,給予患者靜脈滴注,以30min 為宜,劑量為 130mg/m2,第 1﹑8﹑15 天,每 28天為一個周期。用藥前無需給予抗過敏預(yù)處理,治療期間給予5-羥色胺受體3拮抗劑預(yù)防惡心﹑嘔吐等不良反應(yīng)。至少完成2個周期化療。
所有可測量病灶均有化療前的基線測量,每2周期進(jìn)行影像學(xué)檢查測量。根據(jù)國際RECRST判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6],將治療效果分別完全緩解(CR)﹑部分緩解(PR)﹑疾病穩(wěn)定(SD)﹑疾病進(jìn)展(PD)四個級別??陀^緩解率(ORR)是指CR+PR患者占全組患者的百分率。疾病控制率(DCR)是指CR+PR+SD患者占全組患者的百分率。無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)是指患者從首次用藥到疾病進(jìn)展或任何原因死亡的時間(以發(fā)生在先的事件計(jì)算)。按照美國國立癌癥研究所不良反應(yīng)評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(CTC)第4版進(jìn)行分級[7]。
46例晚期乳腺癌患者中無CR者,PR者為15例,SD者19例,PD者12例,ORR為32.6%,DCR達(dá)73.9%。其中既往使用過及未使用過紫杉烷類藥物(紫杉醇/多西他賽)的晚期乳腺癌患者ORR分別為 32.5%﹑33.3%,DCR 分別為 40%﹑50%,兩者相比均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。且患者近期療效與年齡﹑ECOG評分﹑轉(zhuǎn)移灶數(shù)目亦無相關(guān)性。見表1。
治療后對患者予以為期1年的隨訪,結(jié)果顯示有40例患者存活,6例死亡,中位PFS為5.0個月。
患者不良反應(yīng)主要以白細(xì)胞減少﹑血小板減少﹑脫發(fā)等為主,經(jīng)過治療患者均耐受。見表2。
表2 46例晚期乳腺癌患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況[n(%)]
紫杉醇作為乳腺癌治療中一種常見的抗癌藥物,研究顯示,乳腺癌在應(yīng)用紫杉醇治療期間容易產(chǎn)生一系列不良反應(yīng),降低藥物量效關(guān)系[8],阻礙藥物的吸收與利用。白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇是白蛋白(直徑為130nm)與紫杉醇的結(jié)合,使用時向瓶內(nèi)注射20mL生理鹽水,即可形成納米粒紫杉醇懸浮液,直接用于靜脈滴注[9]。與傳統(tǒng)的紫杉醇及多西紫杉醇相比,白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇獨(dú)特的作用機(jī)制可顯著增加腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)的有效藥物濃度,從而明顯增強(qiáng)其抗腫瘤活性[10],從而使其在療效上更有優(yōu)勢,無論是260mg/m2,第1天給藥,每21天1個周期還是100~ 125mg/m2,第 1﹑8﹑15天給藥,每 28天 1個周期,2種治療模式均有效,且療效相當(dāng)[11-13]。
2005年Gradishar等[14]對454例晚期乳腺癌患者進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對照Ⅲ期臨床研究,結(jié)果顯示白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇的ORR為37%,傳統(tǒng)型紫杉醇ORR為19%,且前者的疾病進(jìn)展時間明顯延長至23周,基于這一研究,白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇被批準(zhǔn)用于晚期乳腺癌的治療。該研究亞組分析提示白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇對比傳統(tǒng)紫杉醇治療二線以上的晚期乳腺癌在延長總生存方面更有優(yōu)勢,兩組中位總生存分別為56.4周和46.7周(P=0.024)。亦有學(xué)者在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇在惡性腫瘤二線及二線以上治療中均體現(xiàn)出顯著療效[15]。此次研究對我院46例晚期乳腺癌患者給予白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇治療,其疾病控制率達(dá)73.9%,PFS為5.0個月,且安全性良好。Blum等[16]進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)Ⅱ期臨床研究結(jié)果表明,白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇2種給藥方案(100mg/m2組與 125mg/m2組,均第 1﹑8﹑15天給藥,每28天1個周期)治療既往使用普通溶劑型紫杉醇治療后耐藥的晚期乳腺癌依然有效且耐受良好。兩組ORR分別為14%與16%,DCR分別為26%與37%,兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。本研究中白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇對既往使用過紫杉烷類藥物(紫杉醇/多西他賽)的晚期乳腺癌仍有較好的療效,ORR為 32.5%,DCR為40%,較上述研究結(jié)果明顯增加,可能與個體差異及本研究例數(shù)少有關(guān)。
白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇去除了助溶劑,從而顯著降低了過敏反應(yīng)以及嚴(yán)重神經(jīng)毒性的發(fā)生率效[17]。與傳統(tǒng)紫杉醇制劑相比,白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇的療效明顯提高而不良反應(yīng)有所下降[18-20]?;颊卟涣挤磻?yīng)主要以血液學(xué)毒性為主,經(jīng)過治療患者均耐受。
綜上所述,白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇單藥作為二線及以上方案治療晚期乳腺癌,療效好,毒副反應(yīng)低,可廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床。但由于本研究病例數(shù)少,觀察時間短,故該藥的療效和毒副作用仍有待臨床進(jìn)一步探索。
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Clinical observation of albumin bound paclitaxel monotherapy as second-line and advanced regimens for advanced breast cancer
WANG Lili HUANG Weiwei WU Fan CHEN Kan HONG Yi LI Zhongying LIU Jian
Department of Internal Medicine, Fujian Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Fujian Medical University,Fujian, Fuzhou 350014, China
Objective To investigate the clinical value of albumin bound paclitaxel monotherapy as second-line and advanced regimens in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of albumin bound paclitaxel in multi line therapy for advanced breast cancer. Methods 46 patients with advanced breast cancer who
first-line treatment in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were selected as the subjects, all patients were treated with albumin bound paclitaxel. The clinical treatment efficiency, median progression free survival time (PFS) and adverse reactions were evaluated comprehensively. Results No complete remission was found in 46 patients with advanced breast cancer, with 15 cases of partial remission (PR), 19 cases of stable disease (SD), and 12 cases of disease progression. The effective rate (RR) was 32.6%, the disease control rate was 73.9%, and the PFS was 5 months; The main adverse reactions were mainly white blood cell reduction,thrombocytopenia, alopecia and so on. All patients were tolerant after treatment. Conclusion Albumin bound paclitaxel monotherapy as second-line and advanced regimens in the treatment of advanced breast cancer has simple operation, obvious curative effect and low toxic side effect, so it is worthy of popularization and application.
Albumin tuberculosis paclitaxel; Monotherapy; Multi-line regimen; Advanced breast cancer; Side effects
R734.2
A < class="emphasis_bold"> [文章編號]]
] 2095-0616(2017)21-09-04
福建省衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)中青年骨干人才培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目(2015-ZQN-JC-6);福建省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2015J01381)。
▲通訊作者
2017-09-28)