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沉默ski基因?qū)Υ笫笮切文z質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化增殖及Cyclin D1表達(dá)的影響①

2017-09-29 08:24趙鑫郭永強(qiáng)寇江力丁寧周開升南偉張海鴻
關(guān)鍵詞:星形膠質(zhì)空白對(duì)照

趙鑫,郭永強(qiáng),寇江力,丁寧,周開升,南偉,張海鴻

沉默ski基因?qū)Υ笫笮切文z質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化增殖及Cyclin D1表達(dá)的影響①

趙鑫1,2,郭永強(qiáng)1,2,寇江力1,2,丁寧1,2,周開升1,2,南偉1,2,張海鴻1

目的 研究ski基因?qū)Υ笫笮切文z質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖的影響及其分子機(jī)制。方法 分離3日齡Sprague-Dawley大鼠腦皮質(zhì)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,體外培養(yǎng)。合成ski和陰性對(duì)照小干擾片段。設(shè)置ski-siRNA組、陰性對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組,采用脂質(zhì)體法將特異性針對(duì)ski基因的siRNA和陰性對(duì)照siRNA轉(zhuǎn)入ski-siRNA組、陰性對(duì)照組星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中。Western blotting分析ski、膠質(zhì)纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)和Cyclin D1蛋白表達(dá);CCK8法檢測(cè)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖活力;流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期。結(jié)果 ski-siRNA組星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞ski蛋白表達(dá)明顯降低(F=38.611,P<0.01),GFAP(F=7.547,P<0.05)和Cyclin D1蛋白(F=3.901,P<0.05)表達(dá)降低;培養(yǎng)12 h后,ski-siRNA組增殖活力明顯降低(F>30.507,P<0.01),G1期細(xì)胞比例明顯增加,S期明顯減少(F>48.425,P<0.01)。結(jié)論 沉默ski基因可能通過下調(diào)Cyclin D1表達(dá),抑制星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖。

ski;RNA干擾;增殖;星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞;大鼠

ski基因是Stavnezer等[1]于1986年首次在感染病毒Bratislava77的雞胚細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。ski作為細(xì)胞內(nèi)的一個(gè)原癌基因,在不同物種間和組織內(nèi)分布極為廣泛,參與并調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體多種生理和病理過程[2-4]。本課題組已明確ski在正常脊髓組織和星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中表達(dá)很低,而在脊髓損傷和活化星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中表達(dá)逐漸增高,推測(cè)ski可能作為新型信號(hào)分子影響星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的增殖特性,進(jìn)而調(diào)節(jié)致密膠質(zhì)瘢痕的生成[5-7]。本研究采用RNA干擾技術(shù),觀察ski對(duì)大鼠星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖及其相關(guān)蛋白的影響。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物和主要試劑

3日齡Sprague-Dawley大鼠,購(gòu)于甘肅省中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心。

DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基、胰蛋白酶:GIBCO公司。胎牛血清(FBS):PAN-BIOTECH GMBH公司。TritionX-100、SDS、小鼠抗大鼠及兔抗大鼠神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)纖維酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)多克隆抗體(G3893):SIGMA公司。RIPA裂解液和BCA蛋白定量檢測(cè)試劑盒:碧云天公司。加兔抗大鼠ski多克隆抗體(H-329,sc-9140)、小鼠抗大鼠Cyclin D1多克隆抗體(A-12,sc-8396):SANTA CRUZ。ski干擾RNA及陰性對(duì)照:THERMOFISHER公司合成。Lipofectamine?RNAiMAX Reagent:THERMOFISHER 公司。小鼠抗大鼠β-actin單克隆抗體:PROTEINTECH公司。山羊抗小鼠lgG、FITC標(biāo)記山羊抗兔lgG、PI、Rnase、山羊封閉血清、PVDF 膜(0.45 μm):SOLARBIO公司。辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記山羊抗兔或抗小鼠lgG:北京中杉金橋公司。CCK8試劑盒:日本同仁化學(xué)公司。ECL試劑盒:MILLOPORE公司。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 原代大鼠星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)、純化和鑒定

3日齡Sprague-Dawley乳鼠,提取大腦皮質(zhì)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,具體操作步驟參見文獻(xiàn)[3,7]。

1.2.2 細(xì)胞純度鑒定

將原代細(xì)胞接種到蓋玻片上,貼壁后PBS洗滌,多聚甲醛固定30 min,PBS洗滌,TritionX-100通透20 min,PBS洗滌;滴加山羊封閉血清,37℃封閉30 min;吸凈封閉液,勿洗,加入小鼠抗大鼠GFAP多克隆抗體(1∶300),玻片置于濕盒中,于4℃冰箱中孵育過夜。PBS洗滌,避光下加山羊抗小鼠lgG(1∶300),37℃溫箱中避光孵育90 min,PBS洗滌,避光下附加DAPI,室溫孵育20 min,PBS洗滌。各步PBS洗滌均為2遍。甘油封片。熒光顯微鏡下觀察。陰性對(duì)照用PBS代替一抗。

在200倍視野下隨機(jī)選取6個(gè)互不重疊的視野,計(jì)數(shù)GFAP陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)和總細(xì)胞數(shù),陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)占總細(xì)胞數(shù)達(dá)96%以上的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞集落用于后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

1.2.3 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染

轉(zhuǎn)染前1 d,取純化后呈對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,2×105/ml接種于6孔板。用含12%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12完全培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)過夜,待細(xì)胞匯合度為80%時(shí),行siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染,具體步驟按siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染試劑盒說明書提供的方法。待細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染72 h后,倒置光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)變化,提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,Western blotting檢測(cè)沉默效果。

siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染效率的檢測(cè):將FITC-control-siRNA(終 濃 度 100 nmol/L)6 μl 與 siRNA Lipofectamine?RNAiMAX Reagent 8 μl混勻后,轉(zhuǎn)染星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞;12 h后在熒光顯微鏡下計(jì)數(shù)出現(xiàn)綠色熒光的細(xì)胞數(shù)。轉(zhuǎn)染效率(%)=熒光細(xì)胞數(shù)/細(xì)胞總數(shù)×100%。

細(xì)胞分為3組:ski-siRNA組采用siRNA Lipofectamine?RNAiMAX Reagent將ski-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)入星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,陰性對(duì)照組采用siRNA Lipofectamine?RNAiMAX Reagent將陰性對(duì)照-siRNA(negative control-siRNA,NC-siRNA)轉(zhuǎn)入星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,空白對(duì)照組僅加入siRNALipofectamine?RNAiMAX Reagent。

ski-siRNA正義鏈序列為5'-GCC CUG AUU CGA GAC AGC UUC UAC U-3',反義鏈序列為5'-AGU AGA AGC UGU CUC GAA UCA GGG C-3';NC-siRNA正義鏈序列為5'-UUG UGG CCU GUU AGC UUC AGA GCG A-3',反義鏈序列為5'-UCG CUC UGA AGC UAACAG GCCACAA-3'。

1.2.4 Western blotting

收集轉(zhuǎn)染72 h后各組細(xì)胞,用預(yù)冷PBS清洗細(xì)胞2遍,RIPA裂解液提取總蛋白,BCA試劑盒測(cè)定總蛋白濃度。10%SDS-PAGE電泳(濃縮膠90 V,分離膠120 V),將電泳分離的蛋白電轉(zhuǎn)至甲醇浸透的PVDF膜上,5%脫脂奶粉室溫封閉2 h,TBST(10 mmol/L Tris-HCI、150 mmol/L NaCI、0.5%Tween 20,pH=7.5)洗滌10 min,共3遍。加兔抗大鼠ski多克隆抗體(1∶100)、兔抗大鼠GFAP多克隆抗體(1∶2000)、小鼠抗大鼠Cyclin D1多克隆抗體(1∶500)、小鼠抗大鼠β-actin單克隆抗體(1∶5000),4℃冰箱過夜;TBST洗膜,方法同前;加辣根過氧化物標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔或抗小鼠lgG(1∶5000),室溫2 h;TBST洗膜3次,方法同前;滴加ECL發(fā)光液,GE凝膠成像系統(tǒng)測(cè)量目的條帶的灰度值,計(jì)算目的蛋白與內(nèi)參β-actin蛋白條帶的相對(duì)灰度。

1.2.5 CCK8檢測(cè)

收集轉(zhuǎn)染72 h后各組星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,胰蛋白酶消化,調(diào)整為1×104/ml單細(xì)胞懸液,接種于96孔板內(nèi),每孔100 μl,各組均設(shè)5個(gè)復(fù)孔;96孔板周圍加PBS液100 μl保持濕度。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱(37℃、5%CO2)內(nèi)培養(yǎng)。分別在細(xì)胞貼壁后0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h,向相應(yīng)培養(yǎng)板中加入CCK8試劑,再將孔板重新放入培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng),2 h后終止顯色,酶聯(lián)免疫檢測(cè)儀上測(cè)量對(duì)應(yīng)孔中細(xì)胞在450 mm波長(zhǎng)處的吸光度值(OD)。

1.2.6 流式細(xì)胞儀分析

PBS洗滌各組星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,PBS吹打制成細(xì)胞懸液。1000 r/min離心5 min,棄上清,預(yù)冷PBS洗滌2次;PBS 1 ml重懸,邊震蕩邊滴入預(yù)冷的75%乙醇中,4℃冷藏過夜。重復(fù)洗滌和離心收集細(xì)胞2次,預(yù)冷PBS 1 ml重懸,加入EDTA 190 μl和 10 mg/ml RNase 10 μl,室溫5 min,加入PI染液,4℃避光反應(yīng)10 min,目篩過濾到上樣管,上機(jī)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期各階段細(xì)胞數(shù)。

圖1 星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞純度鑒定(GFAP免疫熒光染色,200×)

圖2 轉(zhuǎn)染前后細(xì)胞形態(tài)

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。每組數(shù)據(jù)來自3次獨(dú)立實(shí)驗(yàn),以(xˉ±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析。顯著性水平α=0.05。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 純度鑒定

熒光顯微鏡下可見星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)特征,胞核呈圓形或橢圓形。陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)占總細(xì)胞數(shù)96%,符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。特異性標(biāo)記抗原GFAP位紅色熒光,DAPI標(biāo)記細(xì)胞核為藍(lán)色熒光,均清晰可辨(圖1)。

2.2 轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞形態(tài)

轉(zhuǎn)染前,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞呈貼壁生長(zhǎng),可見細(xì)胞輪廓清晰,突起較多,胞突間交叉連接明顯;胞體多數(shù)呈星狀或不規(guī)則狀,細(xì)胞核清晰,呈圓形或橢圓形,核仁明顯可見,細(xì)胞胞膜完整;轉(zhuǎn)染ski-siRNA 72 h后,可見星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞體積較轉(zhuǎn)染前增大,胞突增粗,但細(xì)胞集落減少,未貼壁細(xì)胞增多,細(xì)胞碎片增多。轉(zhuǎn)染效率(86.71±4.18)%。見圖2。

2.3 Western blotting

ski-siRNA組ski相對(duì)灰度(0.130±0.065),低于空白對(duì)照組(0.767±0.103)、NC-siRNA組(0.667±0.111)(F=38.611,P=0.001),NC-siRNA組與空白對(duì)照組之間無顯著性差異(P=0.247)(圖3)。

ski-siRNA組GFAP相對(duì)灰度(0.193±0.044),低于空白對(duì)照組(0.449±0.108)、NC-siRNA組(0.393±0.089)(F=7.547,P=0.023)(圖3)。

ski-siRNA組Cyclin D1相對(duì)灰度(0.088±0.053),低于空白對(duì)照組(0.265±0.101)、NC-siRNA組(0.234±0.087)(F=3.901,P=0.023)。NC-siRNA組與空白對(duì)照組之間無顯著性差異(P=0.666)(圖3)。

圖3 Western blotting條帶圖

2.4 CCK-8

ski-siRNA組培養(yǎng)12 h后,OD值均明顯低于空白對(duì)照組和NC-siRNA組(P<0.01)。見表1。

2.5 流式細(xì)胞儀分析

ski-siRNA組G1期細(xì)胞百分比為(79.62±1.04)%,明顯高于空白對(duì)照組(71.02±1.53)%、NC-siRNA組(71.69±1.09)%(F=48.425,P=0.002);ski-siRNA組S期細(xì)胞百分比為(12.47±0.84)%,明顯低于空白對(duì)照組(17.20±2.26)%、NC-siRNA組(16.87±1.69)%(F=83.343,P=0.001)。見圖4。

3 討論

ski作為進(jìn)化保守蛋白,在不同物種中廣泛參與并調(diào)節(jié)多種細(xì)胞的增殖及分化等過程[4]。研究表明,ski與多種細(xì)胞的增殖、分化、轉(zhuǎn)化及腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展相關(guān)[9-11]。目前關(guān)于ski分子的調(diào)控研究主要集中在胚胎發(fā)育、組織創(chuàng)傷修復(fù)及對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生發(fā)展的調(diào)節(jié)等方面[4]。我們前期實(shí)驗(yàn)首次證實(shí),ski在星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞生物功能方面起一定作用[6-8]。

星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(central nervous system,CNS)中數(shù)量最多、分布最廣的膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,對(duì)神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)、內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)、血腦屏障的維持起著重要作用[7,12-13]。活化星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增生早期可分泌某些神經(jīng)元營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子,對(duì)維持和促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育、分化具有重要作用[14-15];晚期形成膠質(zhì)瘢痕,可作為物理屏障,妨礙軸突的再生、延長(zhǎng)[16-17]。膠質(zhì)瘢痕的形成是影響CNS損傷后功能恢復(fù)的重要因素,而膠質(zhì)瘢痕的形成與星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖特性密不可分。

表1 各組星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖活力比較(OD)

圖4 各組細(xì)胞周期G1期和S期百分比(流式細(xì)胞儀)

siRNA是一種高效、特異的基因沉默技術(shù),能與目的基因mRNA的同源序列互補(bǔ)結(jié)合,使整條mRNA失去翻譯成蛋白質(zhì)的功能[18]。本研究采用siRNA技術(shù),將特異針對(duì)ski序列的siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染大鼠星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,Western blotting顯示轉(zhuǎn)染后星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞ski基因成功沉默。沉默ski基因后,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖能力明顯被削弱,證明ski在促進(jìn)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖方面起重要作用。

此前研究顯示,ski與GFAP之間存在一定的關(guān)聯(lián)[6],而GFAP作為星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化特有標(biāo)志蛋白,參與星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)活性的調(diào)節(jié),我們推測(cè)ski可能調(diào)控星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)活性。本研究顯示,ski-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后,細(xì)胞GFAP表達(dá)水平與ski表達(dá)水平同時(shí)下調(diào)。結(jié)合CCK8結(jié)果,證實(shí)ski在星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化、增殖等方面起重要作用。

細(xì)胞分裂中,從G1到S期的過渡是調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞周期的主要作用節(jié)點(diǎn)[19-20]。G1期細(xì)胞處于DNA合成階段,尚未開始分裂,而S期細(xì)胞處于DNA復(fù)制合成和分裂階段[21]。本研究表明,ski-siRNA組較多細(xì)胞停留于G1期,而S期細(xì)胞比例降低。

有研究指出[22-25],細(xì)胞周期G1期進(jìn)程主要由D型Cyclin-Cdk4細(xì)胞周期調(diào)節(jié)子支配。本研究顯示,沉默ski基因后,Cyclin D1表達(dá)顯著下調(diào)。推測(cè)ski可能通過促進(jìn)Cyclin D1的表達(dá),調(diào)節(jié)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞DNA復(fù)制、合成與細(xì)胞分裂,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖。

綜上所述,采用ski-siRNA技術(shù)可以成功沉默ski基因;沉默ski基因后,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化增殖能力明顯抑制,此作用可能通過下調(diào)Cyclin D1的表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)。由于ski下游通路機(jī)制非常復(fù)雜,具體分子機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步研究。

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Effects of Knocking Down ski on Proliferation ofAstrocytes and Expression of Cyclin D1 in Rats

ZHAO Xin1,2,GUO Yong-qiang1,2,KOU Jiang-li1,2,DING Ning1,2,ZHOU Kai-sheng1,2,NAN Wei1,2,ZHANG Hai-hong1
1.Department of Orthopedics,Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030,China;2.Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030,China

ZHANG Hai-hong.E-mail:zhanghaihong1968@sina.com

Objective To investigate the role of ski in proliferation of astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms in rats.Methods Astrocytes were obtained from cerebral cortex of a three-day old rat and cultured in vitro.siRNA targeted to ski and negative control sequences were prepared.The astrocytes were divided into ski-siRNA group,siRNA negative control group and untreated control group,while the specific siRNA targeting ski negative control sequences were transfected into astrocytes with Lipofectamine?RNAiMAX Reagent.The protein levels of ski,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and Cyclin D1 were determined with Western blotting.The proliferation of astrocytes were measured with CCK8 assay.The cell-cycle of astrocytes were analyzed with flow cytometer.Results The protein level of ski(F=38.611,P<0.01),GFAP(F=7.547,P<0.05)and Cyclin D1(F=3.901,P<0.05)reduced in ski-siRNA group,the proliferation of astrocyte was significantly inhibited since twelve hours after culture(F>30.507,P<0.01),and less cells were in S phase and more in G1/G0 phase(F>48.425,P<0.01),compared with the control groups.Conclusion ski knocking down by siRNAsignificantly inhibits the proliferation of astrocytes,which may associate with the down-regulation of Cyclin D1 expression.

ski;small interfering RNA;proliferation;astrocyte;rats

R338.2

A

1006-9771(2017)09-1032-05

2017-05-25

2017-06-22)

10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2017.09.009

[本文著錄格式] 趙鑫,郭永強(qiáng),寇江力,等.沉默ski基因?qū)Υ笫笮切文z質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化增殖及Cyclin D1表達(dá)的影響[J].中國(guó)康復(fù)理論與實(shí)踐,2017,23(9):1032-1036.

CITED AS:Zhao X,Guo YQ,Kou JL,et al.Effects of knocking down ski on proliferation of astrocytes and expression of Cyclin D1 in rats[J].Zhongguo Kangfu Lilun Yu Shijian,2017,23(9):1032-1036.

1.國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(No.30772299);2.蘭州大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院科研基金項(xiàng)目(No.sdkyjj-04)。

1.蘭州大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院骨科,甘肅蘭州市730030;2.甘肅省骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,甘肅蘭州市730030。作者簡(jiǎn)介:趙鑫(1991-),男,漢族,山東濰坊市人,碩士研究生,主要研究方向:脊柱脊髓損傷。通訊作者:張海鴻,主任醫(yī)師,副教授,碩士研究生導(dǎo)師,主要研究方向:脊柱外科。E-mail:zhanghaihong1968@sina.com。

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