趙麗萍,王良明,史曉蔚,張圓程,李樹(shù)良,王艷紅,張士發(fā)
表現(xiàn)為播散性丘疹型的皮膚型竇組織細(xì)胞增生癥一例
趙麗萍,王良明,史曉蔚,張圓程,李樹(shù)良,王艷紅,張士發(fā)
患者男,54歲,全身紅色丘疹、結(jié)節(jié)及斑塊4個(gè)月。皮損初發(fā)于雙下肢,漸波散至全身。查體示全身密集分布的紅色丘疹、結(jié)節(jié),孤立或呈環(huán)形、條帶狀分布,直徑0.3~2.5 cm,質(zhì)地較硬,略有壓痛,有浸潤(rùn)感;皮損大致對(duì)稱分布,以四肢伸側(cè)、面頰部為著。組織病理示真皮內(nèi)彌漫性組織細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),多個(gè)具有分枝的肥大的組織細(xì)胞及多核巨細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),灶性漿細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),少許嗜酸粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),有細(xì)胞伸入現(xiàn)象。免疫組化檢查示肥大的組織細(xì)胞及多核巨細(xì)胞CD68、CD163、S-100蛋白均陽(yáng)性,CD1a陰性。診斷:皮膚型竇組織細(xì)胞增多癥。給予復(fù)方甘草酸苷口服及卡介菌多糖核酸肌內(nèi)注射1個(gè)月,皮損部分消退。
竇組織細(xì)胞增生癥,皮膚型
[J Pract Dermatol, 2017, 10(3):180-182]
患者,男,54歲。因全身紅色丘疹、結(jié)節(jié)及斑塊4個(gè)月,于2016年7月11日就診。4個(gè)月前,無(wú)誘因患者雙下肢出現(xiàn)較多散在分布的紅色丘疹,于當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院診斷為多形紅斑,藥物(不詳)治療無(wú)效,丘疹繼續(xù)增多,迅速融合成斑塊,擴(kuò)散至全身,以雙下肢為著。在北京多家醫(yī)院按結(jié)節(jié)病、淋巴瘤、淋巴瘤樣丘疹病診治,治療數(shù)月均無(wú)效。既往史、過(guò)敏史及家族史無(wú)特殊。系統(tǒng)查體未見(jiàn)明顯異常,淺表淋巴結(jié)未捫及增大。皮膚科情況:全身對(duì)稱性分布密集的邊界清楚的紅色丘疹、結(jié)節(jié),直徑0.3~2.5 cm,孤立或融合呈環(huán)形、條帶狀,表面不規(guī)則隆起,部分丘疹頂端呈黃色或灰白色,無(wú)鱗屑及結(jié)痂;質(zhì)地較硬,較大的結(jié)節(jié)或斑塊堅(jiān)實(shí),略有壓痛,基底部有浸潤(rùn)感;皮損以四肢伸側(cè)、面頰部為著(圖1)。實(shí)驗(yàn)室及輔助檢查:抗單純皰疹病毒1-IgG(+),抗EB病毒核心抗體(+),血生化檢測(cè)、血免疫功能、自身免疫抗體、腫瘤系列等檢測(cè)均正常;T淋巴細(xì)胞及B淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)均正常。胸部X線檢查及腹部超聲多譜勒檢查無(wú)明顯異常。取軀干、四肢不同類型的4處皮損(紅色丘疹、黃紅色丘疹、灰褐色疣狀丘疹結(jié)節(jié)、較大灰紅色斑塊)行組織病理檢查,病理表現(xiàn)基本一致:皮損頂端表皮擠壓變薄,皮突縮小或變平;真皮增厚,皮下組織間隔增寬,皮脂腺小葉明顯縮??;真皮及皮下組織內(nèi)大量的肥大的分枝狀組織細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),灶性密集的淋巴細(xì)胞、漿細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),少許嗜酸粒細(xì)胞及中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),部分組織細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)內(nèi)可見(jiàn)少許淋巴細(xì)胞,即細(xì)胞吞入現(xiàn)象陽(yáng)性;完整的毛囊皮脂腺結(jié)構(gòu)缺失(圖2a-2d)??顾崛旧⑿了{(lán)染色均陰性。免疫組化:肥大的組織細(xì)胞及多核巨細(xì)胞CD163(+)、CD68(+)、S-100蛋白(+),CD1a(-)(圖3a-3d)。診斷:皮膚型竇性組織細(xì)胞增生癥。治療:復(fù)方甘草酸苷3片每日3次口服,卡介菌多糖核酸注射液0.7 mg每周2次肌內(nèi)注射。治療1個(gè)月后,皮損范圍縮小,丘疹、斑塊變平,少部分消退。后失訪。
圖1 皮膚型竇性組織細(xì)胞增生癥患者臨床表現(xiàn)
圖2 皮膚型竇性組織細(xì)胞增生癥患者皮損組織病理(HE染色)
圖3 皮膚型竇性組織細(xì)胞增生癥患者皮損免疫組化組織病理(ABC法)
經(jīng)典的竇性組織細(xì)胞增生癥全稱為伴有巨大淋巴結(jié)病的竇性組織細(xì)胞增生癥(sinus histiocytosis with massive lympha-denopathy,SHML),首先由Rosai和Dorfman(1969)描述。皮膚是最常見(jiàn)的結(jié)外受累區(qū)域。僅有皮膚損害,而無(wú)淋巴結(jié)及內(nèi)臟損害的病變,稱為皮膚型竇性組織細(xì)胞增生癥(cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease,CRDD),較少見(jiàn)[1-3],僅占報(bào)道患者的3%[4]。目前尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)皮損泛發(fā)全身的CRDD個(gè)例報(bào)道。
CRDD病因不清,可能與病毒感染等有關(guān),機(jī)體免疫功能障礙被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致發(fā)病的因素之一。臨床上CRDD多發(fā)于中年女性,累及四肢、軀干及面部[5,6],皮損緩慢增大。最常見(jiàn)皮損為丘疹結(jié)節(jié)型,其次為硬結(jié)斑塊型及腫瘤型。本病多數(shù)呈良性臨床表現(xiàn),可持續(xù)多年,或自發(fā)消退。病變主要累及真皮,可侵入皮下組織;有較多的組織細(xì)胞增生,較多的淋巴細(xì)胞、漿細(xì)胞灶狀浸潤(rùn),可伴有中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);特征性的表現(xiàn)是組織細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)內(nèi)有完整的炎性細(xì)胞即細(xì)胞伸入運(yùn)動(dòng);分枝狀肥大的組織細(xì)胞呈S-100蛋白、CD68、CD163陽(yáng)性,CD1a陰性。
本例臨床特征為老年男性,皮損分布廣泛,遍及全身;皮損多形,主要表現(xiàn)為紅色、黃紅色、紅白色、紅褐色、褐色和褐灰色的丘疹、結(jié)節(jié)及斑塊;組織病理表現(xiàn)典型,有典型的細(xì)胞伸入現(xiàn)象;無(wú)其他器官受累,病毒檢測(cè)顯示曾有EB病毒及單純皰疹病毒(HSV)感染。分析本例患者的發(fā)病原因,可能與病毒感染有一定關(guān)聯(lián)性。CRDD臨床表現(xiàn)應(yīng)與下列皮膚病鑒別:黃色肉芽腫、黃瘤病、朗格漢斯細(xì)胞組織細(xì)胞增生癥、結(jié)節(jié)病、多中心網(wǎng)狀組織細(xì)胞增生癥和麻風(fēng)病等。但由于其組織病理有特征性改變,因此通過(guò)組織病理檢查可以鑒別。
CRDD 預(yù)后較好,一般很少發(fā)生系統(tǒng)累及,多數(shù)患者經(jīng)數(shù)月至數(shù)年后皮損可緩慢自行消退。本病無(wú)特效的治療辦法,可選用維A酸類藥、糖皮質(zhì)激素、沙利度胺、甲氨蝶呤、雷公藤等藥物,限局性病變亦可手術(shù)切除治療[7-11]。目前對(duì)本病主張避免過(guò)度醫(yī)療。本例患者僅給予復(fù)方甘草酸苷、卡介菌多糖核酸等治療1個(gè)月,皮損即有所好轉(zhuǎn),可能因該治療方法可在一定程度上調(diào)節(jié)免疫水平和抗炎作用等有關(guān)。
[1] Rosai J, Dorfman RF. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: a newly recognized benign clinicopathological entity [J]. Arch Pathol, 1969, 87 (1):63-70.
[2] Foucar E, Rosai J, Dorfman R. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity [J]. Semin Diagn Pathol, 1990, (1):19-73.
[3] Brenn T, Calonje E, Granter SR, et al. Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is a distinct clinical entity [J]. Am J Dermatopathol, 2002, 24(5):385-391.
[4] Chu P, LeBoit PE. Histologic features of cutaneous sinus histiocytosis (Rosai-Dorfman disease): study of cases both with and without systemic involvement [J]. J Cutan Pathol, 1992, 3(19):201-206.
[5] Frater JL, Maddox JS, Obadiah JM, et al. Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease: comprehensive review of cases reported in the medical literature since 1990 and presentation of an illustrative case [J]. J Cutan Med Surg, 2006, 10(6):281-290.
[6] Kong YY, Kong JC, Shi DR, et al. Cutaneous Rosai- Dorfman disease: a clinical and histopathologic study of 25 cases in China [J]. Am J Surg Pathol, 2007, 31(3):341-350.
[7] Lu C-I, Kuo T, Wong W-R et al. Clinical and histopathologic spectrum of cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease in Taiwan [J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2004, 6(51):931-939.
[8] Chang L-Y, Kuo T, Chan-L. Extranodal Rosai- Dorfman disease with cutaneous, opthalmic and laryngeal involvement: report of a case treated with isotretinoin [J]. Int J Dermatol, 2002, 12(41):888-891.
[9] Bens G, Kerdraon R, De Kyvon JJ, et al. Indolent firmreddish papules cutaneous Rosaidorfman disease [J]. Hautarzt, 2011, 62(5):384-387.
[10] Fening K, Bechtel M, Peters S, et al. Cutaneous rosai- dorfman disease persisting after surgical excision: report of a case treated with acitretin [J]. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol, 2010, 3(9):34-46.
[11] 馬錦媛, 康宏霞, 何勤, 等. 皮膚竇組織細(xì)胞增生癥一例 [J]. 實(shí)用皮膚病學(xué)雜志, 2013, 6(6):371-374.
A case of disseminated papular cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease
ZHAO Li-ping,WANG Liang-ming,SHI Xiao-wei,et al
Department of Dermatology, the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang 110016, China
A 54-year-old male patient presented with multiple red papules, nodules and plaques over the whole body for 4 months. The lesions occurred firstly in the lower limbs and gradually scattered to the whole body. Dermatological examination showed dense deep red papules and nodules arranging in solitary, circular, or strip shape line, about 0.3~2.5cm in diameter, with a hard texture, slight tenderness, and the base of lesions were slightly infiltrative. The lesions were more severe on the extensor of the extremities and cheek, and roughly symmetric. Pathological examination showed diffuse histiocytic infiltration in the dermis, with multiple branched hypertrophic histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells, and focal infiltrate of plasma cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and a little of eosinophils, with the phenomenon of emperipolesis. Immunohistochemical examination showed that hypertrophic cells and multinucleated giant cells were stained positive for CD68, CD163, S100, and negative for CD1a. The diagnosis was cutaneous sinus histiocytosis. The patient was treated with oral compound glycyrrhizin tablets and intramuscular injection of BCG polysaccharide and nucleic acid injection for 1 month, and the lesions subsided partly.
Sinus histiocytosis,Rosai-Dorfman disease,cutaneous
R758.4
A
1674-1293(2017)03-0180-03
2016-11-16
2017-02-08)
(本文編輯 祝賀)
10.11786/sypfbxzz.1674-1293.20170316
110016 沈陽(yáng),沈陽(yáng)軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院皮膚科(趙麗萍,王良明,史曉蔚,張圓程,李樹(shù)良,王艷紅,張士發(fā))
趙麗萍,女,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事皮膚性病科臨床及皮膚病理診斷,E-mail: zhaolp1@163.com