李艷林 黎亮 唐秀芳
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·論著·
白細(xì)胞介素10基因-819C/T多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性的Meta分析
李艷林 黎亮 唐秀芳
目的 評(píng)價(jià)白細(xì)胞介素(IL)10基因-819C/T多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性的關(guān)系。方法 分別以關(guān)鍵詞“IL-10”、“Cytokine”、“Interleukine-10”、“TB”、“Tuberculosis”和“Polymorphism”依次組合,檢索1990年1月至2016年6月在Medline、PubMed、EMBase等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)公開發(fā)表的英文文獻(xiàn);以“結(jié)核”、“單核苷酸多態(tài)性”、“白細(xì)胞介素10”、“細(xì)胞因子”和“易感性”依次組合,檢索1990年1月至2016年6月在萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)(CNKI)和維普數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等公開發(fā)表的中文文獻(xiàn)。確定文獻(xiàn)的納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),篩選文獻(xiàn)并進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。共納入20篇文獻(xiàn)。應(yīng)用Stata 12.0軟件對(duì)各研究原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行Meta分析,分析文獻(xiàn)資料的異質(zhì)性,計(jì)算合并OR(95%CI)值,評(píng)估發(fā)表偏倚。結(jié)果 納入研究的20篇文獻(xiàn)累計(jì)結(jié)核病患者(病例組)5579例,健康體檢者(對(duì)照組)6848名。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,在各個(gè)遺傳模型中,IL-10基因-819C/T多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病總體患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系不大。對(duì)納入的所有研究以地區(qū)進(jìn)行分層,發(fā)現(xiàn)亞洲人群中攜帶等位基因T者結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于攜帶等位基因C者[OR(95%CI)值:1.17(1.07~1.29),P=0.001];攜帶純合子基因型TT者結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于攜帶純合子基因型CC者[OR(95%CI)值:1.34(1.10~1.65),P=0.004];攜帶TT+TC基因型者結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于攜帶純合子基因型CC者[OR(95%CI)值:1.22(1.03~1.46),P=0.024];攜帶純合子基因型TT者結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于攜帶TC+CC基因型者[OR(95%CI)值:1.24(1.02~1.51),P=0.030]。經(jīng)Begg和Egger檢驗(yàn),納入的所有研究未見明顯發(fā)表偏倚。結(jié)論 IL-10基因-819C/T位點(diǎn)等位基因T可能與亞洲人群結(jié)核病易感性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高有關(guān)。
結(jié)核; 白細(xì)胞介素10; 多態(tài)性,單核苷酸; 疾病易感性; Meta分析
結(jié)核病是由結(jié)核分枝桿菌(Mycobacteriumtuberculosis,MTB)感染引起的慢性傳染病。流行病學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),全球約有1/3的人群感染過(guò)MTB,但僅有10%的感染者發(fā)展為活動(dòng)性結(jié)核病。結(jié)核病的發(fā)病是MTB、宿主遺傳因素和環(huán)境因素共同影響的結(jié)果[1]。目前,對(duì)宿主遺傳因素的研究主要集中在易感基因的某些單核苷酸多態(tài)性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位點(diǎn)與結(jié)核病的相關(guān)性研究。白細(xì)胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)主要由單核巨噬細(xì)胞和輔助性T細(xì)胞分泌,B細(xì)胞、樹突狀細(xì)胞、肥大細(xì)胞和嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞也可分泌[2]。結(jié)核病受多種免疫機(jī)制調(diào)節(jié),IL-10作為炎癥反應(yīng)多功能調(diào)節(jié)因子,在宿主對(duì)抗MTB感染的免疫反應(yīng)中起重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[3]。
人類IL-10基因位于lq31-32上,由5個(gè)外顯子和4個(gè)內(nèi)含子組成。IL-10基因的啟動(dòng)子區(qū)存在3個(gè) SNP位點(diǎn),分別是 -1082G/A(rs1800896)、-819C/T(rs1800871)、-592A/C(rs1800896),均可影響IL-10基因的表達(dá)。研究顯示,IL-10基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)SNP位點(diǎn)-819C/T與IL-10的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性有關(guān)[4]。目前關(guān)于IL-10基因-819C/T基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性關(guān)系的病例-對(duì)照研究結(jié)論不一,使得結(jié)果的可信度也受到限制。筆者對(duì)1990年1月至2016年6月國(guó)內(nèi)外結(jié)核病易感性相關(guān)的病例-對(duì)照研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行Meta分析,以探討IL-10基因-819C/T基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核易感性的關(guān)系。
1.文獻(xiàn)檢索策略:分別以關(guān)鍵詞“IL-10”、“Cytokine”、“Interleukine-10”、“TB”、“Tuberculosis”和“Polymorphism”依次組合,檢索1990年1月至2016年6月在Medline、PubMed、EMBase等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)公開發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn),檢索語(yǔ)種為“英語(yǔ)”。分別以“結(jié)核”、“單核苷酸多態(tài)性”、“白細(xì)胞介素10”、“細(xì)胞因子”和“易感性”依次組合,檢索1990年1月至2016年6月在萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)(CNKI)和維普數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等公開發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn),檢索語(yǔ)種為“中文”。共納入20篇文獻(xiàn)[5-24]。
2.納入排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):獲取文獻(xiàn)通過(guò)以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行篩選:(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①研究?jī)?nèi)容為結(jié)核病患者與正常對(duì)照者的IL-10基因-819C/T多態(tài)性;②病例-對(duì)照研究,報(bào)告數(shù)據(jù)完整,文獻(xiàn)包含IL-10基因-819位點(diǎn)基因型的分布頻數(shù);③有各基因型與結(jié)核病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的OR(95%CI)值;④語(yǔ)種為中文或英文文獻(xiàn);⑤對(duì)照組基因分布符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡定律。(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①非隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究;②系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)、綜述、病例報(bào)告等無(wú)法利用的文獻(xiàn);③具體數(shù)據(jù)描述不清,僅有摘要或會(huì)議匯編無(wú)法得到原始數(shù)據(jù)的資料;④重復(fù)報(bào)道的文獻(xiàn)取其一;⑤對(duì)照組基因分布不符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡定律;⑥僅有基因型頻率,未提及基因型頻數(shù)的研究。
3.資料提?。河蓛擅芯空叻謩e獨(dú)立進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)檢索,并評(píng)價(jià)所獲文獻(xiàn),不同的檢索結(jié)果經(jīng)討論解決,最終達(dá)成一致。提取的信息包括:作者、發(fā)表年份、樣本量、研究對(duì)象所屬地區(qū)、IL-10基因-819C/T位點(diǎn)基因型頻率及等位基因頻率等。
4.文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)估:采用Begg與Egger檢驗(yàn)評(píng)估納入研究的所有文獻(xiàn)的發(fā)表偏倚。P<0.05提示可能存在發(fā)表偏倚。納入的所有研究根據(jù)Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)原則進(jìn)行評(píng)估,評(píng)分≥7分提示文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量較好。
5.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:運(yùn)用Meta分析軟件Stata 12.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,采用綜合定量分析并繪制Meta分析的森林圖。對(duì)各研究結(jié)果的異質(zhì)性進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),以P>0.05表示各研究間無(wú)明顯異質(zhì)性,來(lái)自同一總體,采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)合并;若P<0.05則來(lái)自非同一總體,存在異質(zhì)性,采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)合并。計(jì)算納入研究的基因頻率的OR(95%CI)值,評(píng)估IL-10基因-819C/T多態(tài)性與結(jié)核易感性的關(guān)系,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
1.基本情況:納入的20篇文獻(xiàn)均為病例-對(duì)照研究,累計(jì)病例組5579例,健康對(duì)照組6848名。納入文獻(xiàn)中的研究對(duì)象為亞洲人群的有9篇,歐洲人群的有4篇,美洲人群的有2篇,非洲人群的有5篇。所有研究均有等位基因數(shù)據(jù),且符合Hardy-Weinberg 平衡(HWE),見表1。
2.異質(zhì)性分析:將收集的文獻(xiàn)資料根據(jù)不同地區(qū)進(jìn)行異質(zhì)性分析。從各遺傳模型森林圖(圖1~5)中可看出,純合子模型(P=0.270)、雜合子模型(P=0.158)和顯性模型(P=0.175)不存在明顯的異質(zhì)性,采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析;等位基因模型(P=0.040)和隱性模型(P=0.033)存在一定的異質(zhì)性,故采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。
3. Meta分析結(jié)果:在各個(gè)遺傳模型中,IL-10基因-819C/T多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病總體患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系不大。以納入的研究對(duì)象地區(qū)為分層因素進(jìn)行分析的結(jié)果顯示,亞洲人群中攜帶等位基因T者結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于攜帶等位基因C者[OR(95%CI)值:1.17(1.07~1.29);P=0.001];攜帶純合子基因型TT者結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于攜帶純合子基因型CC者[OR(95%CI)值:1.34(1.10~1.65);P=0.004);攜帶TT+TC基因型者結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于攜帶純合子基因型CC者[OR(95%CI)值:1.22(1.03~1.46);P=0.024];攜帶純合子基因型TT者結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于攜帶TC+CC基因型者[OR(95%CI)值:1.24(1.02~1.51);P=0.030],見圖1~5、表2。
注 NOS:Newcastle-Ottawa Scale量表;HWE:Hardy-Weinberg平衡
I2為異質(zhì)性部分在總變異中所占的比重圖1 IL-10基因-819C/T多態(tài)性等位基因模型森林圖
I2為異質(zhì)性部分在總變異中所占的比重;美洲組參考文獻(xiàn)[23]病例組和對(duì)照組CC的基因型頻次均為0,分組分析時(shí)被排除,故此組分組匯總無(wú)I2和P值數(shù)據(jù)圖2 IL-10-819C/T基因多態(tài)性純合子模型森林圖
I2為異質(zhì)性部分在總變異中所占的比重;美洲組參考文獻(xiàn)[23]病例組和對(duì)照組CC的基因型頻次均為0,分組分析時(shí)被排除,故此組分組匯總無(wú)I2和P值數(shù)據(jù)圖3 IL-10-819C/T基因多態(tài)性雜合子模型森林圖
I2為異質(zhì)性部分在總變異中所占的比重;美洲組參考文獻(xiàn)[23]病例組和對(duì)照組CC的基因型頻次均為0,分組分析時(shí)被排除,故此組分組匯總無(wú)I2和P值數(shù)據(jù)圖4 IL-10-819C/T基因多態(tài)性顯性模型森林圖
I2為異質(zhì)性部分在總變異中所占的比重圖5 IL-10-819C/T基因多態(tài)性隱性模型森林圖
4.發(fā)表偏倚分析:各研究間均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義上的發(fā)表偏倚,結(jié)果具有一定的可信度,見表3。
本研究納入的20篇文獻(xiàn)均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,并且采用NOS系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行評(píng)分均≥7分,為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)。從本研究結(jié)果可看出,IL-10基因-819C/T位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病總體患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系不大。但通過(guò)對(duì)不同地區(qū)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行分層分析顯示,亞洲人群的等位基因模型中攜帶等位基因T者結(jié)核病患病率高于攜帶等位基因C者,提示IL-10基因-819C/T的T等位基因可能增加亞洲人群結(jié)核病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
MTB感染后,IL-10可抑制感染者體內(nèi)細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的相關(guān)免疫應(yīng)答,從而抑制MTB感染引起的免疫反應(yīng),起到保護(hù)作用?;顒?dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者在治療前血清中IL-10水平明顯高于健康對(duì)照組;化療后IL-10水平較治療前下降,與健康對(duì)照組水平無(wú)明顯差異[25]。可能原因是人體在MTB的刺激下,炎性反應(yīng)增強(qiáng),刺激機(jī)體產(chǎn)生大量IL-10等促炎因子,經(jīng)抗結(jié)核藥物治療后,大部分MTB被控制,機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)下降,促炎因子產(chǎn)生也相應(yīng)減少。
表2 IL-10基因-819C/T多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性關(guān)系的Meta分析結(jié)果
表3 納入分析文獻(xiàn)發(fā)表偏倚評(píng)估
有研究表明,IL-10啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域-1082、-819、-592 位點(diǎn)SNP可調(diào)控IL-10的表達(dá),從而影響IL-10水平的變化[26]。IL-10基因-819位點(diǎn)中等位基因T與C相比,為低表達(dá)基因。Hoffmann等[27]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高表達(dá)等位基因型-819CC者淋巴細(xì)胞IL-10的分泌量是低表達(dá)等位基因型-819TT者的2~3倍。含低表達(dá)等位基因T者,機(jī)體分泌IL-10水平越低,對(duì)MTB的炎性反應(yīng)越弱,因此,-819T可能是結(jié)核病易感基因,這與筆者的Meta分析結(jié)果相符。
本研究納入分析文獻(xiàn)經(jīng)Begg與Egger檢驗(yàn),未發(fā)現(xiàn)各項(xiàng)研究間存在明顯發(fā)表偏倚,因此認(rèn)為所納入文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量較高,其結(jié)果也具有一定的可信度。但本研究尚存在局限性,即各地區(qū)之間研究對(duì)象數(shù)量差異較大,進(jìn)行分析時(shí)有可能得出假陽(yáng)性結(jié)果;對(duì)所納入的病例-對(duì)照研究沒有進(jìn)行更深入的亞組分析。因此,上述結(jié)論仍需更多高質(zhì)量、大規(guī)模的研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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(本文編輯:李敬文)
Association of interleukin10-819C/T gene polymorphism with tuberculosis risk: a Meta-analysis
LI Yan-lin, LI Liang, TANG Xiu-fang.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Yubei District, Chongqing 401120, China
LI Yan-lin, Email: liyl1206@163.com
Objective To explore the relationship between interleukin10 (IL-10) gene promoter -819C/T polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) risk. Methods Relevant publications were identified with a literature search using terms “IL-6” or “Interleukin-6” or “cytokine” and “tuberculosis” or “TB” and “polymorphism” in PubMed, Medline, EMBase, Wanfang Data, CNKI and Weipu Web from January 1990 to June 2016. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were screened, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. A total of 20 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on the original data using Stata 12.0. The heterogeneity of the studies was analyzed, and theOR(95%CI) value was calculated to evaluate the publication bias. Results A total of 20 studies were included, which involved 5579 cases and 6848 healthy controls. This meta-analysis suggests that, the IL-10-819C/T polymorphism is not associated with the risk of TB. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk of TB was associated with Asians in IL-10-819C/T polymorphism (T vs. C:OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.07-1.29,P=0.001; TT vs. CC:OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.10-1.65,P=0.004; TT+TC vs. CC:OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.03-1.46,P=0.024; TT vs. TC+CC:OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.02-1.51,P=0.030). All of the included studies showed no publication bias by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Conclusion IL-10-819C/T polymorphism in allele T might be a risk factor for TB in Asians.
Tuberculosis; Interleukin-10; Polymorphism, single nucleotide; Disease susceptibility; Meta-analysis
10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2017.07.013
重慶市渝北區(qū)科技項(xiàng)目(YBKW2013-2060403)
401120 重慶市渝北區(qū)人民醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科
李艷林,Email:liyl1206@163.com
研究的基本特征
發(fā)表年份研究地區(qū)病例組(例)對(duì)照組(名)病例組基因型頻次對(duì)照組基因型頻次CCCTTTCCCTTTNOS評(píng)分對(duì)照組HWE(P值)[5]1998非洲401408120192891142068870.78[6]2004非洲4576981782205928730310870.06[7]2005亞洲450851391732389138437680.63[8]2006歐洲81504823102419790.32[9]2006亞洲41123192026252980.67[10]2008歐洲12880635873636880.82[11]2008亞洲15518324864545825670.17[12]2008亞洲611223342410625070.13[13]2009歐洲75299353551551251970.35[14]2009非洲1544197251476326766594236580.33[15]2010非洲432482207186392012295270.27[16]2011非洲1319555651143421090.96[17]2012亞洲543544582562296125323070.49[18]2011歐洲3030191011113680.55[19]2011亞洲23578229012312313580.25[20]2012美洲22127189100321091243880.77[21]2012亞洲218107391176228552480.76[22]2014亞洲191191316496261036270.10[23]2014美洲38580632075170.62[24]2016亞洲147206507621721082670.14
2016-10-12)