劉小平 陳敏
838200新疆鄯善縣人民醫(yī)院婦科
經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲檢查在婦科急腹癥診斷中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值
劉小平 陳敏
838200新疆鄯善縣人民醫(yī)院婦科
目的:探討在婦科急腹癥診斷中經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲檢查的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。方法:收治經(jīng)腹部及陰道超聲檢查的婦產(chǎn)科急腹癥患者100例,進(jìn)行超聲檢查,觀察結(jié)果。結(jié)果:100例患者經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷符合率97.0%。其中子宮穿孔經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷9例,與病理診斷均相符,診斷符合率100.0%;不全流產(chǎn)病理診斷和經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷均10例,診斷符合率100.0%;黃體破裂病理診斷19例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷18例,診斷符合率94.7%;急性盆腔炎病理診斷22例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷21例,診斷符合率95.5%;異位妊娠病理診斷40例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷39例,診斷符合率97.5%。結(jié)論:經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲檢查診斷婦科急腹癥具有簡便、無創(chuàng)、快捷、準(zhǔn)確率高等特點(diǎn)。
陰道超聲檢查;腹部超聲檢查;婦科;急腹癥
婦科急腹癥具有發(fā)病急、病變進(jìn)展快的特點(diǎn),是一種急性癥狀,因女性盆腔器官的某些疾病而引起[1],其中最常見的臨床癥狀是腹痛[2],病情嚴(yán)重時(shí)對生命產(chǎn)生威脅[3]。為進(jìn)一步對經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲檢查在婦科急腹癥診斷中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值進(jìn)行探討,2015年2月-2017年2月收治經(jīng)腹部及陰道超聲檢查的婦產(chǎn)科急腹癥患者100例,對其資料進(jìn)行回顧性分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
2015年2月-2017年2月收治經(jīng)腹部及陰道超聲檢查的婦產(chǎn)科急腹癥患者100例,年齡21~55歲,平均(39.3±2.4)歲。急性下腹痛、發(fā)熱、不規(guī)律陰道流血、肛門墜脹等是患者的主要表現(xiàn)。所有患者均經(jīng)臨床證實(shí),并且和手術(shù)病理結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對照。
方法:待患者膀胱充盈后進(jìn)行腹部超聲檢查,使用意大利百勝公司的mylab 30 cv型號彩色超聲診斷儀,經(jīng)腹部超聲探頭頻率2~5 MHz,再排空膀胱取截石位行陰道超聲檢查。經(jīng)陰道超聲探頭頻率4~8 MHz,對子宮、附件及盆腔進(jìn)掃查,對宮腔子宮大小、形態(tài)的檢查要特別注意,同時(shí)注意觀察是否有積液或孕囊,附件區(qū)有無包塊,如有包塊存在,需要了解包塊的位置、大小、形態(tài)、邊界是否清晰,檢查內(nèi)部回聲及血流特征。
經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲檢查與手術(shù)病理結(jié)果比較:100例患者經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷符合97例,診斷符合率97.0%。其中子宮穿孔經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷9例,與病理診斷均相符,診斷符合率100.0%;不全流產(chǎn)病理診斷和經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷均10例,診斷符合率100.0%;黃體破裂病理診斷19例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷為18例,診斷符合率94.7%;急性盆腔炎病理診斷22例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷21例,診斷符合率95.5%;異位妊娠病理診斷40例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷39例,診斷符合率97.5%,見表1。
婦產(chǎn)科急腹癥的經(jīng)腹部及經(jīng)陰道超聲圖像特征:①異位妊娠:典型的輸卵管異位妊娠超聲表現(xiàn)有輕度增大的子宮,宮腔內(nèi)沒有妊娠囊,但假妊娠囊可出現(xiàn)在部分病例的宮腔內(nèi),胚囊或混合型回聲包塊可在妊娠附件區(qū)被探及,形態(tài)不規(guī)則,邊界模糊,壁厚。部分宮外孕包塊內(nèi)有豐富的動(dòng)、靜脈血流信號。結(jié)合陰道超聲檢查,具有較強(qiáng)的分辨率,不受肥胖、腸管及其氣體多種因素影響,圖像清晰,檢查前無需充盈膀胱,診斷效果更好。本組漏診1例。②卵巢黃體囊腫破裂出血:聲像圖表現(xiàn)為囊腫形態(tài)不完整,同時(shí)囊腫的輪廓也不完整,呈塌陷狀,破損的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)于局部,腹腔有囊液溢出,液性暗區(qū)可出現(xiàn)于子宮直腸凹處,后穹隆穿刺抽出液體,呈血性,陰道超聲檢查、血HCG檢測聯(lián)合后穹隆穿刺是診斷黃體破裂的敏感方法。本組誤診1例(誤診為破裂型宮外孕)。③急性盆腔炎:一系列增厚、迂曲的連續(xù)管狀回聲可在附件區(qū)探及,增厚大小不等,邊緣增厚、不規(guī)則或模糊,橢圓形無回聲區(qū)可出現(xiàn)在盆腔內(nèi)。本組漏診1例。④不全流產(chǎn):本病比較容易診斷,本組診斷準(zhǔn)確率100%。⑤子宮穿孔:本病比較容易診斷,本組診斷準(zhǔn)確率100%。
注意事項(xiàng):①要密切結(jié)合病史和臨床檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果等資料進(jìn)行診斷;②超聲醫(yī)生要多總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),對于不典型的患者,要反復(fù)檢查,檢查過程要仔細(xì),不留死角[4];③經(jīng)陰道掃查時(shí),陰道探頭應(yīng)與宮頸外口和穹隆部緊貼,向左右兩側(cè)及前后方分別擺動(dòng),盡量使圖像清晰,以使診斷準(zhǔn)確性提高。
本組資料結(jié)果顯示,100例患者經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷符合97例,診斷符合率97.0%。其中子宮穿孔經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷9例,與病理診斷均相符,診斷符合率100.0%;不全流產(chǎn)病理診斷和經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷均10例,診斷符合率100.0%;黃體破裂病理診斷19例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷18例,診斷符合率94.7%;急性盆腔炎病理診斷22例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷為21例,診斷符合率95.5%;異位妊娠病理診斷40例,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲診斷39例,診斷符合率為97.5%。由此可見,經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲檢查診斷婦科急腹癥具有簡便、無創(chuàng)、快捷、準(zhǔn)確率高等特點(diǎn),值得臨床推廣。
表1 經(jīng)陰道聯(lián)合腹部超聲檢查與手術(shù)病理結(jié)果比較(n)
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The value of transvaginal ultrasonography combined with abdominal ultrasoundin the diagnosis of gynecologic acute abdomen
Liu Xiaoping,Chen Min
Department of Gynaecology,the People's Hospital of Shanshan County,Xinjiang 838200
Objective:To investigate the value of transvaginal ultrasonography combined with abdominal ultrasoundin the diagnosis of gynecologic acute abdomen.Methods:100 cases of gynecologic acute abdomen examined by transvaginal ultrasonography combined with abdominal ultrasoundin were selected.All patients were examined by ultrasonography and the results were observed.Results:100 cases were diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound and abdominal ultrasound,and the coincidence rate was 97%.Among them,9 cases were diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound combined with abdominal ultrasound,and all consistent with pathological diagnosis and the diagnostic accuracy rate was up to 100%;10 cases of incomplete abortion diagnosed by pathologic diagnosis were all diagnosed by transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound at the same time,and the diagnostic accordance rate was 100%;19 cases were diagnosed as corpus luteum rupture with pathologic diagnosis,18 cases were diagnosed by transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound,and the diagnostic accordance rate was 94.7%;22 cases of acute pelvic inflammatory disease were diagnosed by pathologic diagnosis,21 cases were diagnosed by transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound,and the diagnostic accordance rate was 95.5%;40 cases of ectopic pregnancy were diagnosed by pathologic diagnosis,39 cases were diagnosed by transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound,and the diagnostic accordance rate was 97.5%.Conclusion:Transvaginal ultrasound combined with abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gynecological acute abdomen is simple,noninvasive,fast and accurate.
Transvaginal ultrasonography;Abdominal ultrasonography;Gynecology;acute abdomen
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2017.16.79