趙偉娟
摘 要:學(xué)生害怕語法,不喜歡上語法課,語法成了學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)路上的攔路虎。如何讓英語語法課堂吸引學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生愛上語法課,這正是本文所要探討的內(nèi)容。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語學(xué)習(xí) 語法 情境教學(xué)
一、背景
作為一名職高英語老師,筆者經(jīng)常在講臺(tái)上興致勃勃地講解相關(guān)語法知識(shí)時(shí),臺(tái)下的學(xué)生總是一副迷惘、害怕與排斥的樣子。不少學(xué)生說英語語法太多、太難了,最不喜歡的就是語法。學(xué)生為什么怕語法?為了進(jìn)一步了解情況,筆者對筆者所在部高一145位學(xué)生的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)狀況做了一份問卷調(diào)查。
1.問卷內(nèi)容
(1)你英語學(xué)習(xí)的最大困難是什么?
A.口語 B.聽力 C.單詞 D.閱讀
E.語法 F.寫作
(2)你喜歡上英語語法課嗎?
A.喜歡 B.無所謂 C.不喜歡
(3)你覺得語法學(xué)習(xí)重要嗎?
A.很重要 B.不知道 C.不重要
(4)你認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)語法對你來說難嗎?
A.很難 B.很簡單 C.不難
(5)你初中的英語老師上語法課有趣嗎?
A.很有趣 B.無所謂 C.枯燥無趣
(6)你喜歡初中英語老師的語法教學(xué)方法嗎?
A.喜歡 B.無所謂 C.不喜歡
(7)你認(rèn)為初中英語老師采用的語法教學(xué)方法效果如何?
A.很有效 B.效果一般
C.不太有效,效果較差
2.調(diào)查結(jié)果
(1)英語學(xué)習(xí)的最大困難,其中有49%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為是語法,有21%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為是單詞,有10%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為是閱讀,有9%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為是寫作,有6%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為是口語,有5%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為是聽力。
(2)只有7%的同學(xué)喜歡上語法課,有83%的同學(xué)不喜歡,余下的則抱無所謂的態(tài)度。
(3)有88%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為語法學(xué)習(xí)很重要,有4%的同學(xué)則認(rèn)為不重要,有8%的同學(xué)不知道。
(4)有85%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為語法很難,有5%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為不難,只有2%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為很簡單。
(5)只有8%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為語法課堂是有趣的,有67%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為枯燥無趣,有25%的同學(xué)抱無所謂的態(tài)度。
(6)只有10%的同學(xué)喜歡,有70%的同學(xué)不喜歡,剩下的則是無所謂。
(7)只有12%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為很有效,有38%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為效果一般,有50%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為效果較差。
3.從上述調(diào)查結(jié)果看出問題
(1)職高學(xué)生也認(rèn)可語法的重要性。
(2)大部分學(xué)生認(rèn)為語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。
(3)絕大部分學(xué)生對初中的語法課堂以及教師的教學(xué)方法、效果都不太滿意。
二、傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)呼喚情境創(chuàng)設(shè)
從以上調(diào)查可以看出,傳統(tǒng)的語法教學(xué),注重灌輸語法知識(shí),不注重情境創(chuàng)設(shè),忽略學(xué)生的情感與興趣,教師講得口干舌燥,學(xué)生卻聽得索然無味。長此以往學(xué)生就會(huì)不喜歡學(xué)語法了。傳統(tǒng)的語法教學(xué)模式急需改變。那么,語法教學(xué)如何吸引學(xué)生的興趣,使學(xué)生樂于學(xué)習(xí)呢?筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),在英語課堂中采用情境教學(xué)是一種能激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣、提高課堂教學(xué)效果的行之有效的方法。
情境教學(xué)就是置學(xué)生于真實(shí)的語境中學(xué)習(xí)真實(shí)的語言。在教學(xué)中,教師結(jié)合教學(xué)內(nèi)容與目標(biāo),使用實(shí)物、對話、游戲、歌曲等精心創(chuàng)設(shè)各種教學(xué)情境,將學(xué)生置于樂觀的情感中開展教學(xué)。
三、以if虛擬語氣課堂教學(xué)中的情境創(chuàng)設(shè)為例
虛擬語氣是讓學(xué)生感到頭疼和較難掌握的英語語法內(nèi)容之一。下面,筆者以if虛擬語氣課堂教學(xué)中的三個(gè)情境來闡述語法教學(xué)中如何進(jìn)行情境創(chuàng)設(shè)。
1.利用對話情境——新課導(dǎo)入
在導(dǎo)入部分筆者主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)設(shè)了一個(gè)師生對話情境,對話主要包括兩個(gè)問題與兩個(gè)假設(shè)。兩個(gè)問題讓學(xué)生簡單易答,兩個(gè)假設(shè)自然逼真。
T: Am I a math teacher or an English teacher?
Ss: An English teacher.
T: Well, if I were a math teacher, would I teach you English ?
Ss: No.
T: Right. If I were a math teacher, I would teach you math. That is to say, if I were not an English teacher, I would not teach you English. Is that right?
Ss: Yes.
T: Are you teachers or students?
Ss: Were students.
T: So, if you were teachers, you would not sit here and take my lessons every day. Then, if you were teachers, what would you do every day? Would you take lessons or give lessons?
Ss: We would give lessons.
T: Yes, if you were teachers, you would give lessons.
2.利用游戲情境——課堂鞏固
第一輪:檢測與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的if 從句和主句的形式。
很多學(xué)生對老師這一工作十分向往。因此,在這一輪里,筆者創(chuàng)設(shè)了一個(gè)What would you do if you were a teacher?的情境,讓學(xué)生換位思考過了一把“老師癮”,同時(shí)也與導(dǎo)入部分相呼應(yīng)。
T: Boys and girls. Lets play a game. OK?
Ss: OK.
T: Well speak English here. It doesnt matter if you speak slowly. But you have to speak clearly and loudly. One by one,ok?
Ss: Ok.
T: What would you do if you were a teacher?
S1: If I were a teacher, I would give some interesting lessons.
S2: If you gave some interesting lessons, the students would like you.
S3: If the students liked you, you would make friends with them.
S4: If you made friends with them, they would respect you.
S5: If they respected you, you would be happy.
T: If you were happy, I would be happy, too.
第二輪 檢測與過去事實(shí)相反的if 從句和主句的形式。
筆者通過自己昨晚買彩票未中獎(jiǎng)的親身經(jīng)歷,設(shè)置了What would have happened if I had won the lottery?的情境,讓學(xué)生根據(jù)這個(gè)情境發(fā)揮想象,進(jìn)行接龍。
T: Yesterday its an unlucky day. I didnt win the lottery(彩票) last night. ( 教師作傷心狀)
Ss: Im sorry to hear that.
T: What would have happened if I had won the lottery?
S1: If you had won the lottery, you would have gotten a lot of money.
S2: If you had gotten a lot of money, you would have been happy.
S3: If you had been happy, you would have bought a new car.
S4: If you had bought a new car, the thief would have come.
S5: If the thief had come, your new car would have been stolen.
S6: If your new car had been stolen, you would have been sad.
T: I wish it were all not true!
3.利用歌曲情境——課堂結(jié)尾
在課堂結(jié)尾,筆者通過盲人歌手楊光的《你是我的眼》創(chuàng)設(shè)歌曲情境。讓學(xué)生聽歌并找出歌詞中所包含的虛擬條件句,課后將歌詞進(jìn)行翻譯。
T: Boys and girls. Do you know the blind singer Yang Guang?
Ss: Yes.
T:I like his song 《Youre My Eyes》 very much. Do you want to listen to the song?
Ss: Yes.
T:Ok. You listen carefully and try to find out the sentences with if subjunctive mood.
T:Can you guess whom the song is written for?
Ss: His mother.
T: Youre right. He loves and thanks his mother. Next who can tell me the sentences with if subjunctive mood.
S1: 如果我能看得見,就能輕易地分辨白天黑夜,就能準(zhǔn)確的在人群中牽住你的手。
S2: 如果我能看得見,就能駕車帶你到處遨游,就能驚喜的從背后給你一個(gè)擁抱。
S3: 如果我能看得見,生命也許完全不同。
T: Well done! How time flies!We have a good time today. Todays homework is to translate these three sentences into English with if subjunctive mood.
這節(jié)英語語法課,教師通過學(xué)生熟悉的、身邊的、甚至剛剛發(fā)生的事創(chuàng)設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)的情境,讓課堂有游戲、有歌聲,時(shí)時(shí)激發(fā)學(xué)生沉睡的興趣,在師生的問答、討論中自然而然完成了if 虛擬語氣語法功能的教學(xué),做到“課開始,趣已生;課進(jìn)行,趣正濃;課結(jié)束,趣猶存”,做到讓學(xué)生有話可說、有話愿說、有話說準(zhǔn)。
四、小結(jié)
正如美國教育家布盧姆所說:“成功的外語課堂教學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)在課內(nèi)創(chuàng)設(shè)更多的情景,讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)運(yùn)用已學(xué)到的語言材料?!闭Z法雖多,但只要老師精心準(zhǔn)備,創(chuàng)設(shè)適當(dāng)?shù)那榫常欢芪龑W(xué)生的注意力,讓學(xué)生慢慢喜歡上語法課。
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(作者單位:慈溪職業(yè)高級中學(xué))