趙文霞, 閆 樂, 邵明義, 張麗慧
(河南中醫(yī)藥大學第一附屬醫(yī)院 脾胃肝膽病科, 鄭州 450000)
化痰祛濕活血方對非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠ADPN/AMPK/ACC通路的影響
趙文霞, 閆 樂, 邵明義, 張麗慧
(河南中醫(yī)藥大學第一附屬醫(yī)院 脾胃肝膽病科, 鄭州 450000)
目的 研究化痰祛濕活血方對非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)大鼠脂聯(lián)素(ADPN)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/乙酰輔酶A羧化酶(ACC)通路的影響。方法 72只SD大鼠隨機分為空白組、模型組、對照組及高、中、低劑量組,除空白組外,其余5組以高脂飼料聯(lián)合四環(huán)素腹腔注射建立NASH模型,造模第2周分別給予化痰祛濕活血方高、中、低劑量和多烯磷脂酰膽堿(易善復)膠囊對照治療。實驗結束時,觀察肝勻漿游離脂肪酸(FFA)含量,ELISA及RT-qPCR法測肝組織ADPN、脂聯(lián)素受體2(AdipoR2)、AMPK、ACC、肉毒堿棕櫚酰轉移酶1(CPT-1)的基因與蛋白表達。多組間數(shù)據(jù)比較采用方差分析,方差齊者進一步兩組間比較采用LSD-t檢驗,方差不齊者采用Dunnett′s T3法。結果 與對照組比較,高劑量組能明顯降低肝勻漿FFA[(229.07±46.62) μmol/gprot vs (382.75±30.93) μmol/gprot]、肝組織ACC的基因(1.66±0.04 vs 2.40±0.37)、蛋白[(512.20±60.70) pg/g vs (756.72±61.21) pg/g]表達(P值均<0.01),升高ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、CPT-1的基因[1.53±0.31 vs 0.75±0.11,1.38±0.33 vs 0.61±0.09,1.43±0.39 vs 0.78±0.04, 1.39±0.31 vs 0.52±0.04]、蛋白[(22.23±2.75) μg/g vs (14.01±2.17) μg/g, (128.41±10.46) ng/g vs (94.62±6.88) ng/g,(1353.79±59.52) μg/g vs (1107.19±56.78) μg/g,(175.54±9.91) U/g vs (128.74±12.74)U/g]表達(P值均<0.01)。結論 化痰祛濕活血方能夠有效激活ADPN/AMPK/ACC信號通路,影響脂肪酸的β氧化及合成,減少肝細胞脂肪沉積。
非酒精性脂肪性肝炎; 化痰祛濕活血方; 脂聯(lián)素; 腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶; 乙酰CoA羧化酶
隨著人們膳食結構及生活方式的改變,非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的患病率明顯上升,已成為21世紀全球重要的公共健康問題之一[1-2]。由于非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)是NAFLD向肝纖維化、肝硬化發(fā)展的重要環(huán)節(jié),防治NASH的發(fā)生,對于阻斷其向肝纖維化、肝硬化,甚至肝癌的發(fā)生具有重要意義。脂聯(lián)素(adiponectin,ADPN)作為脂肪細胞分泌的具有良性調節(jié)作用的脂肪細胞因子,其作用機制在于調控ADPN/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(amp-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/乙酰輔酶A羧化酶(acetyl coenzyme A,ACC)信號通路,參與糖脂代謝、炎癥等病理生理過程,具有胰島素增敏、抗高血糖、抗動脈粥樣硬化等作用,是脂肪代謝過程中重要的細胞因子[3]。
筆者團隊前期臨床研究[4]顯示,具有化痰祛濕活血作用的消脂護肝膠囊能夠降低NASH患者血清ALT、AST、TG水平,以及胰島素抵抗和瘦素水平。動物實驗[5-6]表明,化痰祛濕活血方能夠升高ADPN、脂聯(lián)素受體2(adiponectin receptor-2,AdipoR2)蛋白表達,降低血清ALT、AST、TG、TC 水平,減輕肝組織脂肪沉積及炎癥程度。該方通過細胞實驗可達到調控ADPN/AMPK/ACC信號通路,增強AMPK mRNA和CPT-1 mRNA的表達,降低ACC mRNA的表達的作用[7]。為探討化痰祛濕活血方干預NASH模型大鼠體內(nèi)ADPN/AMPK/ACC信號通路作用機制開展了本研究。
1.1 實驗材料
1.1.1 實驗動物 SD大鼠72只,雄性,體質量(200±10)g,鼠齡6周,SPF級,河南省實驗動物中心提供。動物合格證號:0008435。
1.1.2 實驗藥物 化痰祛濕活血方顆粒劑由四川新綠色藥業(yè)科技發(fā)展股份有限公司制備,為免煎顆粒(澤瀉30 g、海藻15 g、決明子10 g、郁金15 g等)。多烯磷脂酰膽堿膠囊(易善復)由賽諾菲安萬特(北京)制藥有限公司生產(chǎn),批號:D2105。
1.1.3 主要試劑 鹽酸四環(huán)素:Amresco;膽固醇:Sorlarbio;脂肪酸(free fatty acid ,FFA)試劑盒(南京建成科技有限公司生產(chǎn));大鼠ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、ACC、肉毒堿棕櫚酰轉移酶1(carnitine palmitoyl transterase-1,CPT-1)ELISA試劑盒(上海拜沃生物科技有限公司提供);TRIzol總RNA抽提試劑(購自Invitrogen);RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit試劑盒(購自Thermo公司);UltraSYBR Mixture(With ROX)試劑盒(購自北京康為世紀生物科技有限公司)。
1.2 實驗方法
1.2.1 動物模型的建立 72只SD大鼠隨機分為6組,每組12只,分別為空白組、模型組、對照組及高、中、低劑量組。按照參考文獻[5,8-9],空白組給予普通標準飼料,其余5組均給予高脂飼料(84%基礎飼料+10%豬油+5%蛋黃粉+1%膽固醇)。于造模第1天腹腔注射四環(huán)素10 mg/100 g體質量,1周后每6天1次腹腔注射鹽酸四環(huán)素7 mg/100 g體質量,共計6次。每周稱1次體質量,并按體質量相應調整給藥量。造模時間共計6周,實驗期間中劑量組大鼠死亡2只。1.2.2 給藥方法 自造模第2周起,除空白組外,各組均按1 ml·100 g-1· d-1分別灌服生理鹽水及相應藥物;對照組將多烯磷脂酰膽堿膠囊超波振蕩溶于蒸餾水中,制成濃度為28.5 mg/ml的混懸液。該方顆粒劑按高、中、低劑量配成濃度為5.04 g/ml、2.52 g/ml、1.26 g/ml的懸液(相當于臨床等效劑量的2倍、1倍、0.5倍);模型組灌服同體積的生理鹽水。各組大鼠灌胃1次/d,療程5周。至第7周以10%水合氯醛溶液腹腔注射麻醉后處死全部實驗動物。
1.2.3 模型成功標準 造模結束后,參照《非酒精性脂肪性肝病診療指南(2010年修訂版)》[1]中診斷標準,對大鼠血清ALT、AST、TG、TC以及肝組織病理變化判斷造模成功與否。
2.1 模型建立情況 在造模結束后,模型鼠較空白鼠血清ALT、AST、TG、TC明顯升高,與模型組相比,各用藥組大鼠血清ALT、AST、TG、TC有均有不同程度的降低,血清學指標提示造模成功。病理改變:空白組大鼠肝組織細胞形態(tài)正常,模型組肝腺泡2區(qū)及3區(qū)內(nèi)見大小不均的脂肪空泡,肝細胞腫脹,且擠壓肝竇,匯管區(qū)炎癥較重。其他各用藥組較模型組,在脂肪變性及炎癥程度上均有不同程度減輕(圖1)。鏡下觀察提示模型制備成功。
圖1 6組大鼠肝臟病理改變(HE染色,×40) a:空白組;
2.2 各組大鼠肝勻漿FFA含量 模型組較空白組肝組織FFA升高明顯(P<0.01);各用藥組肝組織FFA含量降低,其中高劑量組降低明顯,較對照組差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)(表1)。
表1 各組大鼠肝勻漿FFA含量比較
注:1)與模型組比較,P<0.01;2)與對照組比較,P<0.01
2.3 各組大鼠肝ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、ACC、CPT-1mRNA表達情況比較 計算大鼠肝ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、ACC、CPT-1 mRNA相對表達采用2-ΔΔCt法。模型組ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、CPT-1 mRNA相對表達顯著低于空白組及各用藥組(P值均<0.01),而ACC mRNA表達高于空白組及各用藥組(P值均<0.01)。各用藥組間,高劑量組對基因表達的改善明顯優(yōu)于對照組(P值均<0.01)(表2)。
2.4 各組大鼠肝勻漿ELISA檢測ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、ACC、CPT-1含量 模型組與空白組相比較,ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、CPT-1的含量均顯著降低,ACC含量明顯升高(P值均<0.01)。高劑量組較對照組均能有效提高肝組織中ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、CPT-1的含量,降低ACC含量(P值均<0.01)(表3)。
中醫(yī)沒有NASH的病名,據(jù)其臨床表現(xiàn)歸屬于“肝癖”、“肝著”等范疇。過食肥甘、多臥少動、情志失調等因素,致肝失疏泄、脾失健運,濕、痰、瘀交織互結,阻滯肝絡,發(fā)為本病。在化痰祛濕活血基本治法原則下,選用澤瀉、丹參為君藥,化痰消瘀,利水祛濕;郁金、海藻、山楂為臣藥,助君藥化痰消瘀,行氣活血;決明子與水飛薊為佐藥祛瘀血日久所化之熱;柴胡為使藥,疏肝理氣,引藥歸經(jīng);全方共奏祛濕化痰活血之功。
NASH發(fā)病機制復雜,流行病學調查證實,低脂聯(lián)素血癥是NAFLD和肝功能障礙的獨立危險因素,NASH患者血清ADPN含量比健康人群降低50%以上[10-12]。肝臟中AdipoR2表達降低可能是NASH的病理生理學因素之一,ADPN與AdipoR2結合后介導AMPK信號通路,可調控肝臟糖、脂質代謝,緩解NASH的發(fā)生[13-14]。其分子機制主要為以下2點[15]:(1)AMPK是一種細胞內(nèi)能量代謝調節(jié)因子。它的活性是通過感應細胞胞漿的一磷酸腺苷與三磷酸腺苷比值,調節(jié)肝糖的輸出。(2)活化的AMPK可通過磷酸化形式使ACC活性降低,CPT-1含量增加,丙二酰輔酶A減少,增強脂肪酸氧化分解,降低FFA水平,減輕肝內(nèi)脂肪蓄積。
本實驗結果顯示,化痰祛濕活血方能夠有效提高ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、CPT-1mRNA,降低ACC mRNA表達,同時調控肝組織中其蛋白表達量,減少組織中FFA含量。通過化痰祛濕活血方的干預,ADPN與表達于肝臟的AdipoR2結合后,激活AMPK,使下游限速酶ACC磷酸化活性降低,膽固醇的合成原料下降,減少肝細胞脂肪沉積;另一方面AMPK負性調節(jié)ACC活性,增加CPT-1表達,從而抑制脂肪酸的β氧化及合成,減少肝臟脂肪的含量。這一通路的變化可能是化痰祛濕活血方防治NASH的藥理環(huán)節(jié)。該方是否對NASH發(fā)病機制中其他環(huán)節(jié)也具有調控作用,尚待進一步研究。
表2 各組大鼠ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、ACC、CPT-1 mRNA表達比較
注:1)與模型組比較,P<0.01;2)與對照組比較,P<0.01
表3 各組大鼠肝勻漿ADPN、AdipoR2、AMPK、ACC、CPT-1含量比較
注:1)與模型組比較,P<0.01;2)與對照組比較,P<0.01
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引證本文:ZHAO WX, YAN L, SHAO MY, et al. Effect of Huatan Qushi Huoxue prescription on the ADPN/AMPK/ACC signaling pathway in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2017, 33(5): 932-936. (in Chinese) 趙文霞, 閆樂, 邵明義, 等. 化痰祛濕活血方對非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠ADPN/AMPK/ACC通路的影響[J]. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2017, 33(5): 932-936.
(本文編輯:朱 晶)
Effect of Huatan Qushi Huoxue prescription on the ADPN/AMPK/ACC signaling pathway in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
ZHAOWenxia,YANLe,SHAOMingyi,etal.
(DepartmentofSplenic,Gastric,andHepatobiliaryDiseases,TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofHenanUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Zhengzhou450000,China)
Objective To investigate the effect of Huatan Qushi Huoxue prescription on the adiponectin (ADPN)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) signaling pathway in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, control group, and high-, middle-, and low-dose Huatan Qushi Huoxue prescription groups. All rats except those in the blank group were given high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of tetracycline to establish a rat model of NASH. At week 2 after model establishment, the Huatan Qushi Huoxue prescription groups were treated with high-, middle-, and low-dose Huatan Qushi Huoxue prescription, and polyene phosphatidylcholine (Yishanfu) capsules were given as control. At the end of the experiment, the content of free fatty acid (FFA) in liver homogenate was measured, and ELISA and RT-qPCR were used to measure the protein and mRNA expression of ADPN, adiponectin receptor-2 (AdipoR2), AMPK, ACC, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) in liver tissue. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of data between multiple groups; the least significant differencet-test was used for comparison of data with homogeneity of variance between two groups, and the Dunnett's T3 method was used for comparison of data with heterogeneity of variance. Results Compared with the control group, the high-dose group had significant reductions in FFA level in liver homogenate (229.07±46.62 μmol/gprot vs 382.75±30.93 μmol/gprot,P<0.01) and mRNA and protein expression of ACC in liver tissue (mRNA: 1.66±0.04 vs 2.40±0.37,P<0.01; protein: 512.20±60.70 pg/g vs 756.72±61.21 pg/g,P<0.01), as well as significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of ADPN (mRNA: 1.53±0.31 vs 0.75±0.11,P<0.01; protein: 22.23±2.75 μg/g vs 14.01±2.17 μg/g,P<0.01), AdipoR2 (mRNA: 1.38±0.33 vs 0.61±0.09,P<0.01; protein: 128.41±10.46 ng/g vs 94.62±6.88 ng/g,P<0.01), AMPK (mRNA: 1.43±0.39 vs 0.78±0.04,P<0.01; protein: 1353.79±59.52 μg/g vs 1107.19±56.78 μg/g,P<0.01), and CPT-1 (mRNA: 1.39±0.31 vs 0.52±0.04,P<0.01; protein: 175.54±9.91 U/g vs 128.74±12.74 U/g,P<0.01). Conclusion Huatan Qushi Huoxue prescription can effectively activate the ADPN/AMPK/ACC signaling pathway, which may affect the β oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids and reduce fat deposition in hepatocytes.
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Huata Qushi Huoxue recipe; adiponectin; amp-activated protein kinase; acetyl-CoA carboxylase
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2017.05.029
2017-02-13;
2017-03-03。
河南省中醫(yī)臨床學科領軍人才培育項目;國家自然基金(81473651)
趙文霞(1956-),女,教授,博士生導師,主要從事中醫(yī)藥防治肝膽系疾病研究。
R575.5
A
1001-5256(2017)05-0932-05