山東 張樹勇

閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（二）

山東 張樹勇

Passage 1

At 29 years old, Ding Ding, who has cerebral palsy, has been accepted to Harvard University.Ding Ding attributes his success in his academic studies as well as overcoming many of his physical handicaps to his mother’s persistence and endless devotion.

In 1988, he nearly died during a birth complication, which left him with cerebral palsy（腦癱）.Doctors suggested to his mother Zou Hongyan that she give up the baby, saying it was worthless trying to rescue him as he would grow up either disabled or with low intelligence.Even the boy’s father agreed with the doctors and told Zou that the boy would be a burden for the family for his entire life.But Zou insisted on saving the boy and soon divorced.

To support the family and provide treatment for her son,Zou took up several jobs.In her spare time, she regularly took Ding to recovery sessions.She taught herself how to massage his stiffmuscles, and would also play educational games with him.

Zou also insisted from the start that her son would learn to overcome his disabilities as far as possible.She insisted on teaching him how to use chopsticks during mealtimes, even though he found this extremely difficult at first, so he would not have to always explain his disability to others when he had meals with them.

“I didn’t want him to feel ashamed about this physical problems,”she said.“Because he had inferior abilities in many areas, I was quite strict on him to work hard to catch up where he had difficulties.”

Ding graduated with a degree in environmental science from Peking University’s school of engineering in 2011.That same year, he enrolled in a second degree program at the university’s international law school.In 2016, after working for two years, Ding was accepted into Harvard Law School.

“I never dared to dream of applying to Harvard,” Ding said.“It was my mother who never stopped encouraging me to give it a try.Whenever I had any doubts, she would guide me forward.”

1.Who does Ding Ding owe his success to?

A.His father. B.His mother.

C.Doctors. D.Teachers.

2.Why was the mother advised to give Ding Ding up?

A.She divorced with her husband.

B.She was unable to afford high expenses.

C.Ding Ding was to be disabled or with low IQ.

D.Ding Ding wouldn’t live long even if rescued.

3.What can be inferred from the text?

A.The mother was very tolerant to her son.

B.Ding Ding was ashamed about this physical problems.

C.Ding Ding was admitted to Harvard for his disabilities.

D.The mother has overcome unbelievable difficulties.

4.What could be the best title for the text?

A.Single mom’s persistence pays off

B.Ding Ding gains admission into Harvard

C.Ding Ding recovers in a miracle way

D.How a disabled becomes independent

Passage 2

Take five colours: red, black, blue, green and purple.How do they make you feel? It’s a question of great significance to designers and marketers.British fashion designer Wayne Hemingway explored this topic in a BBC radio programme about the psychology of colour.

Red is, of course, considered fortunate in China.But he points out that it’s a powerful colour wherever you go, with some serious scienti fic bases.Studies have indicated that red“raises blood pressure”, and claim that it stands out from other colours thanks to its long wavelength.Hemingway says it appears to be“coming towards you”，and so is useful for emergency and alarm signs.

Black has a different sense.In the west it’s associated with death, but that hasn’t stopped it becoming a mysterious colour.Hemingway says it’s“very powerful and sophisticated when used as a primary colour in branding.”

Blue, by contrast, is cool and peaceful.The colour is a constant presence in our lives, says Hemingway, being the colour of the sky and the sea.That gives it an air of reliability,which makes it a firm choice with“banks and corporations”.Hemingway says this is also why emergency services often choose the colour.

Green is, unsurprisingly, the colour of nature and the environment.Marketers understand that giving a product green packaging creates the impression it is enviromentally friendly.But wise customers are also aware of this—and now think twice before blindly swallowing environmental claims.Hemingway also says that green is the colour of growth and movement: it’s used to indicate“go”on traffic lights.

Finally, we have purple, which is associated with valuable things.In the past, purple colour was expensive because it was very difficult to produce, and it became the colour worn by royalty in many western countries.These days, companies still use purple to make their product seem more fashionable,whether they’re selling chocolate or cigarettes.

1.Why do people notice red first?

A.Red is associated with luck worldwide.

B.Red stands for emergency and warnings.

C.Red is the most beloved color for most people.

D.Red has a longer wavelength than most colours.

2.Which colour is associated with trust?

A.Green. B.Black.

C.Blue. D.Purple.

3.For what purpose are products given green packaging?

A.To show the product is more fashionable.

B.To instruct people to grow as nature does.

C.To remind that the product is very mysterious.

D.To indicate the product is environmentally friendly.

4.What could be the best title of the text?

A.The power of colours

B.The origin of colours

C.The function of colours

D.The questions about colours

Passage 3

Our language, ourselves

Every sentence we speak reveals something about who we are as humans.Even people speaking the same language have distinct dialects.These are rooted in their history and culture.Whether you say“soda”or“pop”may reveal what country and what region you are from.What you call the night before Halloween may tie to your religious beliefs.What kind of slang you use may stem from the habits of the community you grew up in.

Language also sheds light on connections between us, and our natural environments.Plants and animals that are given names in any language are generally those that are relevant to people speaking the language.The relevance comes from the way that the people have interacted with the animals and plants.In some cases, this has happened over centuries.

While we might think of language as having a fixed set of words and rules that we learn in school, in fact language is always evolving.New words emerge while others fall out of use.Pronunciation changes over time as does the meaning of words.People also borrow words from languages other than their own to add to their own vocabulary.

Our ability to learn language develops when we are young.Sounds heard as infants set the stage for language learning later.Baby cooing is the result of babies’ analysis of the languages spoken to them.Babies are practicing the pronunciation and recognition of sounds that they need for communication.Children exposed to multiple languages early in life, and growing up multilingual, develop enhanced cognitive functions.These may include the ability to focus and ignore distractions.

Languages are as diverse as the communities that speak them.Each of the approximately 7 000 world languages is a proof to a community’s unique human experience.Yet, many languages around the world are endangered.It is possible that as many as half of the world’s languages could go silent by the end of this century.Why? The reasons are complex.But they boil down to social inequalities and disrespect for others.

1.What do we learn from Paragraph 1?

A.The language re flects the information of ourselves.

B.Language has little connections with religious beliefs.

C.The slang people use often borrows from nationalities.

D.People speaking the same language have the same dialects.

2.Which of the following shows language is evolving?

A.Pronunciation remains all the same.

B.The meaning of words change over time.

C.Language has a fixed set of words and rules.

D.People’s vocabulary is gradually increasing.

3.What does the underlined word“These”in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A.Sounds.

B.Babies.

C.Multiple languages.

D.Cognitive functions.

4.What’s the author’s attitude towards endangering languages?

A.Amused. B.Doubtful.

C.Worried. D.Cautious.

Passage 4

Animal Farm by George Orwell

Animal Farm is probably one of the most popular school reads in the world.George Orwell wrote it as a political symbol and has since then inspired the minds of not only adult revolutionaries but also the younger ones who start feeling the spark of being right and free for all of the humanity in their hearts.

Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi

This is a wise, funny, and heartbreaking memory of Maoane Satrapi’s years growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution, and how she dealt with life while experiencing the ruinous effects of the war with Iraq.The mistakes she felt she made opened her eyes and shaped her into becoming the in fluential individual she is today.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

Regarded as a masterpiece of literature—it is no wonder it won the Pulitzer Prize.The plot and characters are based on the author’s observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.The novel is famous for its warmth and humor, despite telling a story of innocent Tom Robinson being accused of raping a white woman because he was black.

The Harry Potter series by J.K.Rowling

A story showing the absolute courage of a young boy,who was never afraid to speak his mind in the face of injustice and would always defend the helpless.A boy shows us the importance of believing in ourselves and others.Harry Potter reminds us that the true power to defeat any enemy is not found in others, but found within each of us.

1.Which book best suits the people who want freedom?

A.The Harry Potter series.

B.To Kill a Mockingbird.

C.Animal Farm.

D.Persepolis.

2.Which author wrote about his or her own experience in the above works?

A.J.K.Rowling. B.Maqane Satrapi.

C.George Orwell D.Harper Lee.

3.What does the author say about To Kill a Mockingbird ?

A.Its author is a young girl.

B.It was written in a serious way.

C.One theme may be racial inequality.

D.Tom Robinson committed a crime.

4.What does the Harry Potter series mainly want to convey?

A.God helps those who help themselves.

B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.

C.Actions speak louder than words.

D.Failure is the mother of success.

【參考答案及解析】

Passage 1

【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要記敘一位偉大的單身母親，不放棄腦癱患兒，花29年時(shí)間培養(yǎng)兒子考上哈佛大學(xué)，母親的堅(jiān)持和愛心得到了回報(bào)。

1.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句“Ding Ding attributes his success in his academic studies as well as overcoming many of his physical handicaps to his mother’s persistence and endless devotion.”可知，丁丁將他的學(xué)業(yè)成功歸功于他的媽媽。

2.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句“...saying it was worthless trying to rescue him as he would grow up either disabled or with low intelligence.”可知，丁丁媽媽之所以被建議放棄這個(gè)腦癱兒，是因?yàn)樗L(zhǎng)大以后不是殘疾就是弱智，挽救他沒有價(jià)值。

3.D 推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，單身母親不放棄腦癱兒，花29年時(shí)間全心陪護(hù)，治療、教育孩子，取得成功，從中看出付出了艱辛的努力，克服了種種常人難以理解的困難。

4.A 主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是首尾兩段可知，文章主要介紹了一位偉大的單身母親，不放棄腦癱患兒，花29年時(shí)間將兒子送到哈佛大學(xué)，母親的堅(jiān)持和愛心得到了回報(bào)。

Passage 2

【語篇導(dǎo)讀】紅色對(duì)你來說意味著什么？那么紫色、黑色和綠色分別帶有什么象征意義呢？哪個(gè)顏色會(huì)給人一種可靠的感覺？在設(shè)計(jì)師與市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷人員樹立品牌形象時(shí)，顏色起著非常重要的作用。

1.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第三句“...claim that it stands out from other colours thanks to its long wavelength.”可知，人們之所以首先注意到紅色，是因?yàn)榧t色比其他顏色波長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)一些。

2.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第二、三句“The colour is..., being the colour of the sky and the sea.That gives it an air of reliability”可知，藍(lán)色是天空和大海的顏色，這讓人想到信任。

3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段第二句“Marketers understand that giving a product green packaging creates the impression it is environmentally friendly”可知，產(chǎn)品的綠色包裝給人一種印象：產(chǎn)品是環(huán)保的。

4.A 主旨大意題。文章開宗明義，指出生活中的五種顏色對(duì)人有哪些不同的感受。英國時(shí)尚設(shè)計(jì)師Wayne Hemingway做客BBC，探索顏色的心理影響。故選項(xiàng)A適合做標(biāo)題。

Passage 3

【語篇導(dǎo)讀】語言的背后是文化。每一種語言都反映一個(gè)人內(nèi)心的東西，也反映出人與人之間、人與自然之間的關(guān)系。語言雖有規(guī)則，但也在不斷進(jìn)化。每一種語言都是特殊經(jīng)驗(yàn)的明證，然而可惜的是不少語言面臨消亡。

1.A 段落大意題。由文章首句可知，我們所說的每句話都能透露我們的個(gè)人相關(guān)信息。接下來幾句列舉事實(shí)作為支撐段落主旨的細(xì)節(jié)。

2.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句“Pronunciation changes over time as does the meaning of words.”可知，詞匯意義的變化體現(xiàn)了語言的進(jìn)化。

3.D 代詞指代題。由第四段上下文可知，多語言環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大的孩子發(fā)展了多種認(rèn)知功能。這些功能包括注意和忽視分心等能力。

4.C 推理判斷題。由最后一段第二、三句可推知，七千多種語言是社區(qū)人類的獨(dú)特經(jīng)歷的明證。然而，很多種語言面臨消亡。所以作者的態(tài)度是擔(dān)心的。

Passage 4

【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四本書的內(nèi)容。

1.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一本書中“...but also the younger ones who start feeling the spark of being right and free for all of the humanity in their hearts.”可知，渴望自由的人最適合讀Animal Farm這本書。

2.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二本書中“This is a wise, funny,and heartbreaking memory of Maoane Satrapi’s years growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution, and how she...”可知，這本書是關(guān)于作者本人經(jīng)歷的。

3.C 推理判斷題。由第三本書中“...telling a story of innocent Tom Robinson being accused of raping a white woman because he was black.”可推知，這本書的主旨話題之一可能是種族不平等。

4.A 推理判斷題。由第四本書中“Harry Potter reminds us that the true power to defeat any enemy is not found in others, but found within each of us.”可推知，真正打敗任何敵人的力量不在別人身上，而在我們自己身上。所以“天助自助者”更恰當(dāng)。

山東省淄博市張店區(qū)教育局教研室）