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敢問(wèn)高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)路在何方

2017-02-17 03:57陜西南美蘭
教學(xué)考試(高考英語(yǔ)) 2017年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:高三語(yǔ)法單詞

陜西 南美蘭

敢問(wèn)高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)路在何方

陜西 南美蘭

高考牽動(dòng)著千家萬(wàn)戶,高考事關(guān)著學(xué)生前途。英語(yǔ)在高考中是主科,占150分的分值,所以,有言道,得英語(yǔ)者得高考??梢娪⒄Z(yǔ)成績(jī)?cè)诟呖贾械呐e足輕重。那么,作為一線的高三英語(yǔ)老師,該怎樣幫助學(xué)生做好一輪復(fù)習(xí)呢?筆者根據(jù)幾年的復(fù)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),粗略談一下做法。

一、關(guān)于單詞復(fù)習(xí)

1.詞不離句,句不離文

復(fù)習(xí)單詞時(shí),筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)許多學(xué)生盲目孤立地死記單詞,十遍,二十遍地去寫,去背,枯燥乏味,效果不佳。那么,該怎么有趣有效地復(fù)習(xí)記憶單詞呢?我的做法是:?jiǎn)卧~短語(yǔ)化,短語(yǔ)句子化,句子情景化,情景生活化。如,在復(fù)習(xí)核心單詞survive時(shí),它的動(dòng)詞用法和意思有:當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí),意為“在……之后幸存下來(lái)”,“比……活得長(zhǎng)”。當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí),意為“幸存,殘留”。如若死記漢語(yǔ)意思,無(wú)趣無(wú)聊,但若創(chuàng)設(shè)情景“The old man survived the earthquake,but nobody knew how he survived.Finally,he survived his wife by 10 years.”則會(huì)有趣許多。再比如,behave的用法復(fù)習(xí),編小故事,創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,The girl was well-behaved at the banquet and everyone praised her decent behaviour.So my mother asked me to follow her and behave myself.巧學(xué)助記,是不是有故事性,有畫面感,好記又難忘呢?

2.歸納總結(jié),舉一反三

英語(yǔ)單詞的拼寫是有規(guī)律的。所以,在復(fù)習(xí)中,應(yīng)幫助學(xué)生總結(jié)這些規(guī)律、規(guī)則,縱橫連接拓展,就可以達(dá)到舉一反三,事半功倍的效果。如,英語(yǔ)單詞中有許多前綴和后綴,它們與一些詞根搭配,構(gòu)成了與詞根意思相關(guān)的另一個(gè)詞。如,動(dòng)詞succeed,名詞success,形容詞successful,unsuccessful,副詞 successfully,unsuccessfully,反義詞fail,failure。又如,復(fù)習(xí)到simplify時(shí),可聯(lián)想到以-fy為后綴的詞,如classify,beautify等,將這樣的單詞歸納復(fù)習(xí),學(xué)生會(huì)覺(jué)得既有趣好記,又收獲多多。

3.近義辨析,理清混用

對(duì)于高考必備的近義詞,易混詞,查詞典,查資料,選擇典型例句,創(chuàng)設(shè)熟悉情景,幫助學(xué)生提取、提煉用法搭配,效果不錯(cuò)。如,對(duì)arise,rise,raise的對(duì)比練習(xí):① When they raised the price,a new problem arose.Many workers demanded a rise in salary.② Those who want to say anything more, raise your hand and then rise to speak.

再比如contain 和include的選用:① The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions.② Sea water contains salt.③ Performances include Chinese fairy tales and plays.④ The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting,including a kind of advancement.

4.鏈接高考,對(duì)接真題

對(duì)于高三的老師和學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),歷年的高考真題是寶貴的材料,因?yàn)樗鼈兙o扣大綱,貼近時(shí)代,難易適中,梯度合理。所以,借用鏈接時(shí),不但增加了課堂容量,而且引起了學(xué)生的重視。如,復(fù)習(xí)appreciate的用法時(shí),可鏈接①(2014?陜西高考 ) I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.②(2015?福建高考) Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly.

再比如,employ的用法,①(2014?山東高考) It’s standard practice for a company like this one to employ(employ)a security officer.②(2011?遼寧高考改編) Most employers(employ) require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application.③(2014?陜西高考改編) Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment(employ).

二、關(guān)于課文復(fù)習(xí)

英語(yǔ)課文集語(yǔ)音、詞匯和語(yǔ)法于一體,是英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的綜合體現(xiàn)。復(fù)習(xí)課文要抓住共性,搞體裁分類,進(jìn)行綜合復(fù)習(xí),并要求學(xué)生將課文復(fù)述出來(lái),或者縮寫為短文?;蛘邔⒄n文縮寫挖空,編寫為語(yǔ)法填空的形式,所挖的空盡量符合高考語(yǔ)法填空的形式,既有冠詞、介詞、連詞,又要有給出單詞讓其變換形式的,時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,名詞單復(fù)數(shù),形容詞、副詞的形式變化等。如Book 1 Unit 4的課文可改寫為如下的語(yǔ)法填空:

A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28,1976, in which thousands of people died and many1.were injured(injure).Many houses fell down and sand filled in the walls2.insteadof water.People were greatly3.shocked(shock).All the electricity in the city was cut4.offand people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The whole city was completely5.destroyed(destroy) and the world seemed6.atits end.

The people in Tangshan didn’t lose hope, because 150 000 soldiers were sent7.to help(help) the rescue workers.The soldiers tried their best to dig out those8.whowere trapped.They also built shelters for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.Slowly, the city began to come back to life.

It was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside.The water in the village wells9.rose(rise) and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of10.them.

還可將課文改寫為短文改錯(cuò),讓學(xué)生通過(guò)改錯(cuò)更好地掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。例如,Book 1 Unit 4的第二篇課文,改寫如下:

Dear students,

Congratulations! We are pleased to telling you that you have win the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by the group of five judges,all of who agreed that it was the best one this year.Your parents and your school should be proud you! Our office would like to have you speaking in the new park, which will honor those that were died in the terrible disaster.What you know,this is the day when the quake happened thirty years before.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that specially day.

【參考答案】

1.第二句中的telling—tell

2.第二句中的win—won

3.第三句中的the—a

4.第三句中的who—whom

5.第四句中的you前加of

6.第五句中的speaking—speak

7.第五句中的were去掉

8.第六句中的What—As

9.第六句中的before—ago

10.第七句中的specially—special

三、關(guān)于語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)

英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目分散在初、高中的各冊(cè)課本中,幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),應(yīng)加以整理,分類分塊,使之系統(tǒng)化、條理化,甚至可以借鑒或編寫一些順口溜,幫助學(xué)生記憶清楚,記憶準(zhǔn)確,記憶長(zhǎng)久。例如,可就部分非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)的情況進(jìn)行如下歸納:

1.常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: 一準(zhǔn)備(prepare),二 決 定(decide,determine), 三 要 求(ask,demand,request), 四希望(desire,expect,hope,wish), 提供計(jì)劃(offer,plan,intend), 設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)(manage,learn), 未能選擇(fail,choose), 只好乞求(beg), 拒絕答應(yīng)(refuse,promise), 假裝同意(pretend,agree)

2.常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:

喜歡考慮不可免(enjoy,consider,avoid)

不禁放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(cannot help,give up,risk)

感激承認(rèn)很值得(appreciate,admit,be worth)

反對(duì)想象莫拖延(mind,imagine,delay,put off)

允許完成是期待(allow,finish,look forward to)

建議保持勤操練(suggest,keep,practice)

致力原諒要堅(jiān)持(be devoted to,excuse,insist on)

繼續(xù)成功不錯(cuò)過(guò)(keep on,succeed in,miss)

3.既可跟不定式又可跟動(dòng)名詞,意義基本相同的動(dòng)詞有:begin,start,love,like,hate,prefer等。

4.既可跟不定式又可跟動(dòng)名詞,但意義相去甚遠(yuǎn)的動(dòng)詞有:forget,remember,regret,stop,go on,try,mean,stop,can not help to do和can not help doing等。

5.在 sth.need,require,want,deserve doing,和 sth.be worth doing句型中,doing的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

四、關(guān)于考題復(fù)習(xí)

1.完形填空:該題型考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí),語(yǔ)篇理解,活學(xué)活用的能力。難度大,得分難,所以,要加大平時(shí)的做題量。做該題時(shí),要求學(xué)生快速閱讀,全面接收文章信息,分析文章結(jié)構(gòu),理解思想與各層次之間的邏輯關(guān)系,角色融入,即假定你是文章的主人公,利用已知信息和閱讀語(yǔ)感,合理推導(dǎo),準(zhǔn)確判斷,抓住句中一些關(guān)鍵詞,注重上、下文之間的聯(lián)系,精準(zhǔn)把握文章故事的發(fā)展與結(jié)局,運(yùn)用一些固定搭配和生活常識(shí)選擇答案。在做題的過(guò)程中,要多記,多悟,多總結(jié),提煉一些做題技巧,如復(fù)現(xiàn)法做完形,所謂復(fù)現(xiàn),不但有原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),而且也有近義詞、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。學(xué)生可借助復(fù)現(xiàn)信息,確定合理的答案。還可角色融入,換位思考,構(gòu)建故事畫面,化難為易,巧解完形。

2.閱讀理解:近年來(lái),高考閱讀理解題內(nèi)容十分廣泛,體裁變化多樣。既要求理解具體的事實(shí),又要求理解抽象的概念,既要求理解字面意義,又要求理解深層次含義,既要求理解具體細(xì)節(jié),又要求理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系。因此,老師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),應(yīng)從以下幾方面強(qiáng)化:

① 根據(jù)文章的體裁,快速、準(zhǔn)確地找出文章的主題大意。要特別關(guān)注文章的首尾兩段,聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,合理猜測(cè)閱讀答案。

② 根據(jù)問(wèn)題所問(wèn),定位答案所在,提高細(xì)節(jié)理解能力,比如讀圖能力,計(jì)算能力,歸納能力,還要提高細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)綜合分析能力。

③ 提高詞義轉(zhuǎn)換的理解能力。研究一下高考試題,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)的細(xì)節(jié)題的正確答案都是對(duì)文章相關(guān)信息句的同義置換,轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),多用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞重新解釋原句。

3.語(yǔ)法填空:關(guān)于提示類填空,要從動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、比較等級(jí)及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)方面入手操練。關(guān)于非提示類填空,要從冠詞、介詞、代詞、并列句和三大從句(定語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣和特殊句式這些方面入手操練。

4.短文改錯(cuò):遵循118原則,即添詞一處,刪詞一處,改詞八處,做題時(shí),從詞法類錯(cuò)誤、句法類錯(cuò)誤、邏輯類錯(cuò)誤入手尋找,還要注意改錯(cuò)符號(hào)的正確性。

5.書面表達(dá):該題是大多數(shù)學(xué)生的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)訓(xùn)練中,學(xué)生往往不認(rèn)真對(duì)待,就是有所重視,也只是追求寫完,不追求寫好。正式考試時(shí),臨時(shí)突擊,欠缺構(gòu)思,沒(méi)有亮點(diǎn)。正因?yàn)檫@些現(xiàn)狀,所以,在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中,應(yīng)從造句的形式入手,逐步過(guò)渡到短文寫作。寫時(shí),要提醒學(xué)生注意單詞拼寫正確,動(dòng)詞不遺漏,時(shí)態(tài)不紊亂,人稱、數(shù)、格、搭配一致,還有過(guò)渡詞的運(yùn)用,復(fù)合句、高級(jí)句式的運(yùn)用,如,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的巧妙運(yùn)用,擴(kuò)大句子的信息量,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用,增強(qiáng)句子描述的生動(dòng)性,固定句型、特殊句式的穿插,顯示出英語(yǔ)功底的深厚扎實(shí)。還有,詞數(shù)要夠,書寫不能潦草,卷面要整潔,這些都能贏得閱卷老師的好感,提高印象分。

另外,訓(xùn)練時(shí),要突出文章內(nèi)容的交際性,各種實(shí)用的體裁都要訓(xùn)練到,如說(shuō)明文、信件、通知、假條、圖表、看圖作文、人物履歷、生平介紹等。

以上就是我在高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)的一些淺見和做法,與同仁們交流切磋,希望共同提高,希望對(duì)高三的莘莘學(xué)子有所裨益。

陜西省咸陽(yáng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué))

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