江西 侯昌瑋

閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（一）

江西 侯昌瑋

Passage 1

During World WarⅡ the Red Cross set up a program for people to send letters to soldiers in Europe so they would never be lonely.During the course of this program a soldier received a letter from a woman he didn’t know and had never met.She asked him the typical things and he wrote a return letter with the typical answers.

As their letters became more frequent they realized that they had much in common and a friendship was formed.Through the ever increasing letters they came to know each other more and he looked forward to them as he moved ever forward into combat and danger.Over time their friendship began to blossom into love, but they never exchanged photos.

Eventually the war ended.He told her he was coming home and they made a plan to meet at Grand Central Station.He would look like countless other soldiers so he told her he would hold a bouquet of carnations and she said she would be carrying a particular book.If their love was real, they could meet.

At the station he was eagerly searching for the book in the hands of every woman he met.Shortly after, a short, plain and overweight woman appeared carrying a book.He knew it was her.He swallowed his disappointment, his hopes for meeting the love of his life dashed.But he put a big smile on his face and called her name.She smiled and came over to him.He bent to kiss her cheek, but she pushed him off.Instead she handed him the book and walked off.Confused, he suddenly turned around and a beautiful woman was standing and smiling before him.

“I had to be sure,” she said to him, “if you were the man of character I dreamed about.And you are.” And she came into his arms and they kissed for the first time under the big clock in the center of Grand Central Station.

1.What’s the most stressed topic in the passage?

A.War and peace. B.Dream and reality.

C.Miracle and legend. D.Friendship and love.

2.What does the underlined word “them” refer to?

A.Soldiers. B.Letters.

C.Photos. D.Women.

3.Why did the solider decide to hold a bouquet of carnations?

A.To check if their love was really true.

B.To ful fill his promise made years ago.

C.To distinguish him from other soldiers.

D.To present a welcome gift to the woman.

4.What was the woman’s attitude towards the man at last?

A.Doubtful. B.Disappointed.

C.Satis fied. D.Sympathetic.

5.What can we learn about the solider according to the passage?

A.He was disappointed at the first woman but he controlled it.

B.He once sent a photo to the woman so she could recognize him.

C.He walked away as soon as he met the first woman carrying a book.

D.He was gentle and kind though he knew it wasn’t the woman he would meet.

Passage 2

A new study suggests that your level of optimism may affect your health.People who are optimistic may live longer than those who are pessimistic.

Researchers at Harvard University’s School of Public Health in Boston did the study.They compared women with“ a general expectation that good things will happen”to women who were less optimistic.They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke and certain types of infection.

Eric Kim is one of the study leaders.He says there is increasing evidence that strengthening psychological resilience(心理復(fù)原力) may help prevent disease.Resilience is the ability to recover from difficulty or change.Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism.He says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty.Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy foods and getting enough sleep.

Leslie Ralph is a clinical psychologist and counselor at the University of Arizona in Tucson.She also blogs about stress management.Ralph has several ideas about how to increase optimism.

She says each night plan to do two or three simple,enjoyable activities the next day.These activities might include watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child.

She also suggests that if your day starts badly, simply close your eyes for a moment and take a deep breath.When you open your eyes, imagine your day has started over.It’s like having your own restart button.And the counselor adds offering praise or support to someone can also improve your own outlook.A smile and “thank you” from another person may help you feel more optimistic.

1.What can we know about optimists according to the text?

A.They are mostly women.

B.They only care about good things.

C.They are usually responsible for themselves.

D.They have no risk of getting deadly diseases.

2.Which one of the following re flects resilience?

A.Working out and wearing smiles everyday.

B.Facing failure and making a comeback.

C.Working hard and keeping con fident.

D.Being unable to get up after a fall.

3.How can we increase optimism according to Ralph?

A.By watching the sunset.

B.By thanking others often.

C.By eating healthy foods.

D.By thinking highly of others.

4.What’s the key point both Kim and Ralph stress?

A.Increasing resilience.

B.Strengthening optimism.

C.Keeping healthy lifestyle.

D.Having healthy behaviors.

5.What’s the best title for the text?

A.Woman May Live Longer than Man

B.Optimism May Help You Live Longer

C.Optimism Has a Great Effect on Health

D.How to Stay Optimistic and Live Longer

Passage 3

Your next car might drive itself.After years of trials on city streets, driverless vehicles are now nearing the live phase.Last month, a driverless bus began carrying passengers through Lyon, France.Most in the automobile industry think selfdriving vehicles will be on the road by 2020 or before.

Driverless cars will at first coexist with human-driven cars.But the first places where they will become dominant(統(tǒng)治的) are dense urban areas — precisely the spots most damaged by the automobile age.Many advanced cities are already reducing the role of cars.Driverless cars will hasten that process and will bring us enormous bene fits.

Driverless cars will reduce accidents by around 90 per cent.That’s big — the annual death toll on the world’s roads is about 1.2 million a year.Pollution and carbon emissions will drop, because urban driverless cars will be electric.The old,the disabled and teenagers will suddenly gain mobility.

On the other hand, driverless cars will bring catastrophe.The best thing about the automobile age was that it employed tens of millions of people to make, market, insure and drive vehicles.Over the next 20 years, the mostly low-skilled men who now drive trucks, taxis and buses will see their jobs reduced.Carmakers are especially scared.The few cars of the future might be made by tech companies such as Apple,Baidu and Google.Imagine the impact on Germany, where the automotive sector is the largest industry.

Dramatic change is coming, but governments have barely begun thinking about it.Only 6 per cent of the biggest US cities have factored them into their long-term planning.Driverless cars could arrive by 2020, but most mayors and transport ministers are preoccupied with next week.

A decade ago hardly anyone saw the smartphone coming.It has brought an epidemic of mass addiction.Let’s hope we do a better job of handling the driverless car.

1.Where will driverless cars appear at first?

A.In France. B.In Germany.

C.In the countryside. D.In crowded urban areas.

2.Why can driverless cars reduce pollution and carbon emissions?

A.Driverless cars reduce the numbers of cars.

B.Driverless cars will be driven by electricity.

C.Driverless cars save fuel by driving themselves.

D.Driverless cars will reduce too many accidents.

3.What’s the author’s attitude toward driverless cars?

A.Indifferent. B.Negative.

C.Objective. D.Worrying.

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Driverless cars will change the world.

B.Driverless cars—the only vehicles in 2020.

C.The development of driverless cars in the next decade.

D.The advantages and disadvantages of driverless vehicles.

5.What can we know about driverless cars?

A.They will not hit the road until 2020.

B.They will only be used in urban areas.

C.They will not cause any road accident.

D.They aren’t still seriously taken by leaders.

Passage 4

The Internet is one of the most exciting and powerful inventions of the second half of the 20th century.The reason why it is so powerful is that it provides access to information about almost every aspect of life.As much as the positive impact of Internet is obvious, it is difficult to ignore its negative in fluences.

The Internet can have a negative influence on people’s political and social views.Since the Internet is based primarily on Western culture, it spreads Western democratic values and presents democracy as the best type of government.Itrepudiatespolitical views and governments different from democratic ones.

The Internet advocates the Western lifestyle and portrays it as superior to any other lifestyle.It also describes life in the West as that of unrestrained（無拘束的) freedom and unlimited possibilities, without presenting all sides of this perspective.Because of the widespread availability of information, people become unappreciative of the things they have and desire more and more.

Since the Internet is used in almost every aspect of economical, social and political life, it poses many security threats that haven’t been seen before.Internet networks are easy to invade by hackers.The hackers have the ability to damage data and devices and spread viruses.

A lot of business is conducted over the Internet.The Internet presents so much information that an ordinary reader is not able to distinguish between the real and fake or necessary and unnecessary.As a result, people are likely to making unwise decisions.

Sur fing the Internet becomes a way of life for some kids and young adults, which alienates(疏遠(yuǎn)) them from their peers.Excessive Internet usage contributes to other problems, such as obesity.Because of their addiction to the Internet, kids and teenagers spend most of their free time sur fing the Web instead of running around and interacting with peers, and the lack of physical exercise may affect the normal development of a healthy body.

1.What’s the main function of Paragraph 1?

A.Present information.

B.Introduce the topic.

C.Draw a conclusion.

D.Explain a reason.

2.What does the underlined word“repudiates”probably refer to?

A.Advocate. B.Recognize.

C.Refuse. D.Support.

3.Why do some teens keep away from their peers and seldom take exercise?

A.Because they are fat and often made fun of.

B.Because they can’t get along well with peers.

C.Because they are lost in sur fing the Internet.

D.Because they think it will be a waste of time.

4.How does the Internet affect us positively?

A.It stresses Western political views.

B.It speaks highly of the Western lifestyle.

C.It presents security threats and confusing information.

D.It can offer information about almost every aspect of life.

5.What does the text mainly talk about?

A.Negative effects of the Internet on our life.

B.How the Internet affects every aspect of life.

C.How to deal with negative effects of the Internet.

D.Positive and negative effects of sur fing the Internet.

【參考答案與解析】

Passage 1

【文章大意】本文是記敘文。二戰(zhàn)期間，紅十字會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)人們給歐洲戰(zhàn)場上的士兵寫信以緩解他們的孤獨(dú)。其中一位女士給一位士兵的通信讓他們成為筆友，隨后的書信交往讓他們的友情加深并發(fā)展成為愛情。戰(zhàn)后他們約定見面，他們成功會(huì)面了嗎？請閱讀本文吧。

1.D 推理判斷題。文章敘述了一位戰(zhàn)士和一位女士開始素不相識(shí)，通過書信的交流慢慢加深友情并升華到愛情的故事。故文章突出的主題是友情和愛情。

2.B 指代判斷題。本句意思是“他們的信件交流不斷增多，當(dāng)他轉(zhuǎn)移到新的戰(zhàn)斗并有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候就越期盼他們(信件)”。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的He would look like countless other soldiers so he told her...可知，戰(zhàn)士們穿著打扮都一樣，所以為了讓對方容易找到自己，他見面時(shí)手拿一束康乃馨。故選C項(xiàng)。

4. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句，特別是And you are這句可知，經(jīng)過那位女士安排的考驗(yàn)之后，她對這位戰(zhàn)士很滿意，是她夢想中那樣的人。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)戰(zhàn)士見到拿書的那位樸素的矮胖女人后，他掩飾住他的失望，并微笑打招呼。故可推知A項(xiàng)正確，故而排除C項(xiàng)。第二段末句說他們從未交換過照片，故排除B項(xiàng)；第四段中的He knew it was her表明，他開始以為和他通信的就是這位女士，故排除D項(xiàng)。

Passage 2

【文章大意】本文為說明文。本文報(bào)道了一項(xiàng)最新發(fā)現(xiàn)：樂觀主義的程度影響著我們的健康。持有樂觀主義態(tài)度的人有可能比消極態(tài)度的人的壽命長一點(diǎn)。

1.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前兩段可知，樂觀主義者通常自信，相信美好的事情會(huì)發(fā)生，并且他們得致命疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低很多。故排除ABD三項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段中的Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising...可知，樂觀主義者一般會(huì)通過各種方式來照顧自己，這是尊敬自己，對自己負(fù)責(zé)任的表現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Resilience is the ability to recover from difficulty or change可知，復(fù)原力是指能夠從困境或變化中適應(yīng)和恢復(fù)過來的能力。而B項(xiàng)“面對失敗并能夠東山再起”最能體現(xiàn)resilience的含 義。

3.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的These activities might include watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child可知，A項(xiàng)“看日落”與文中“看日出”相悖；根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可知，是得到別人的感謝使你樂觀，故排除B項(xiàng)；而表揚(yáng)或支持某人會(huì)提高你的樂觀精神，故D項(xiàng)正確；而C項(xiàng)是Kim的觀點(diǎn)。

4.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism和第四段中的Ralph has several ideas about how to increase optimism可知，他們兩人都強(qiáng)調(diào)樂觀主義的重要性，建議人們努力提高樂觀主義精神并給出了具體方法。

5.B 標(biāo)題概括題。文章首段就提出中心話題：樂觀主義的程度影響我們的健康。持有樂觀主義態(tài)度的人有可能比持有消極態(tài)度的人的壽命長一點(diǎn)。故B項(xiàng)符合文章標(biāo)題。C項(xiàng)“樂觀主義對健康有很大影響”太寬泛，不能切中本文的真正主旨。

Passage 3

【文章大意】本文是說明文。你的下一輛汽車或許是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車。經(jīng)過多年的試驗(yàn)后，無人駕駛汽車將要進(jìn)入實(shí)際應(yīng)用階段。文章從無人駕駛汽車的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)方面介紹了它對我們生活中各方面的影響。

1.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的But the first places where they will become dominant（統(tǒng)治的）are dense urban areas...可知，無人駕駛汽車首先占據(jù)的地方是密集的城市區(qū)域。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的...because urban driverless cars will be electric可知，無人駕駛汽車能減少污染和碳排放是因?yàn)闊o人駕駛汽車都是電動(dòng)車。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.C 推理判斷題。文章主要就無人駕駛汽車的利弊細(xì)節(jié)展開，介紹了它的發(fā)展和未來的展望；再根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“十年前，幾乎沒有人預(yù)見到智能手機(jī)的來臨。如今，智能手機(jī)癮大規(guī)模流行。希望我們在應(yīng)對無人駕駛汽車方面做得更好一些吧”可知，作者是客觀介紹了無人駕駛汽車的情況，并且對其持有積極的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。

4.A 主旨大意題。文章介紹了無人駕駛汽車的發(fā)展背景，接著重點(diǎn)介紹了其各方面的利弊，最后展望了無人駕駛汽車的未來。故本文介紹了無人駕駛汽車的影響。故選A項(xiàng)。

5.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“巨大的變化即將來臨，但各國政府幾乎還沒有開始考慮這些事情。在美國最大的城市當(dāng)中，只有6%的城市將自動(dòng)駕駛汽車考慮到了長期規(guī)劃中。到2020年，無人駕駛汽車就可能上路，但大多數(shù)市長和交通部長滿腦子想的還是下周的事情”可知，目前各國政府還沒認(rèn)真考慮無人駕駛汽車這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。

Passage 4

【文章大意】本文是說明文。因特網(wǎng)無疑是二十世紀(jì)后半期最大的發(fā)明之一。它給我們生活帶來的積極影響是毋庸置疑的，但同時(shí)它帶來的負(fù)面影響也是不能忽略的。本文就從幾個(gè)方面介紹了因特網(wǎng)的負(fù)面影響。

1.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首段內(nèi)容尤其是末句...it is difficult to ignore its negative in fluences可知，文章首段先介紹因特網(wǎng)的誕生和積極意義，接著重點(diǎn)是引出了它的負(fù)面影響。再根據(jù)文章后面幾段可知，都是介紹因特網(wǎng)在各領(lǐng)域的負(fù)面影響。所以文章首段是起到過渡作用，引出文章的中心話題。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.C 詞義推測題。根據(jù)第二段中的...it spreads Western democratic values and presents democracy as the best type of government可知，它鼓吹西方民主價(jià)值觀，認(rèn)為民主政府是最好的政體。所以，本句中表示“對于不同于民主價(jià)值觀和政府的，它都排斥和拒絕”。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Because of their addiction to the Internet, kids and teenagers spend most of their free time sur fing the Web...可知，青少年疏遠(yuǎn)同齡人和不愿意鍛煉身體都是因?yàn)樗麄兂聊缬诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)之中。故選C項(xiàng)。

4.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的...that it provides access to information about almost every aspect of life可知，因特網(wǎng)可以提供有關(guān)生活的各方面的信息，這是它積極的影響。而根據(jù)第二至第五段內(nèi)容可知，ABC三項(xiàng)都是因特網(wǎng)的負(fù)面影響。

5.A 主旨大意題。本文主要從政治、文化和安全等幾個(gè)方面介紹了因特網(wǎng)的負(fù)面影響。故選A項(xiàng)。

江西省都昌縣二中）