吳杰 駱驥才 陳文虎 許志良 張劍英 張毅敏 金元 劉鵬 徐笑紅
卵巢癌患者外周血調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞的變化及其臨床意義
吳杰 駱驥才 陳文虎 許志良 張劍英 張毅敏 金元 劉鵬 徐笑紅
目的 探討卵巢癌患者外周血調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Treg)水平變化的意義及其臨床意義。方法 采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)測(cè)定130例卵巢癌患者和50例體檢健康女性的外周血中CD4+、CD8+、NK以及Treg等不同淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的比例,比較兩組間的差異,分析卵巢癌不同臨床病理因素患者Treg水平的差異,并比較手術(shù)和化療患者手術(shù)前后或化療前后Treg水平的變化。結(jié)果 卵巢癌組外周血CD4+、NK細(xì)胞比例以及CD4+/CD8+比值均明顯低于正常對(duì)照組,而Treg細(xì)胞比例明顯高于正常對(duì)照組;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移卵巢癌患者其Treg水平高于淋巴結(jié)未轉(zhuǎn)移,且在不同的FIGO分期中III、IV期患者的Treg細(xì)胞比例要高于I、II期,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);手術(shù)后Treg細(xì)胞比例較手術(shù)前明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);化療后Treg細(xì)胞比例與化療前的差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 卵巢癌患者外周血Treg水平與卵巢癌的分期和進(jìn)展有關(guān),在卵巢癌預(yù)后判斷以及療效監(jiān)測(cè)中有重要意義。
調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞 卵巢癌 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)
卵巢癌是目前常見的婦科腫瘤之一,雖然發(fā)病率低于宮頸癌和子宮內(nèi)膜癌,但由于早期診斷困難,70%~80%的患者發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)已為中晚期,治療效果不理想,其病死率已躍居?jì)D科惡性腫瘤的首位[1]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),卵巢癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展除與癌細(xì)胞的惡性增殖和侵襲有關(guān)外,還與患者自身的免疫調(diào)節(jié)功能失衡密切相關(guān)[2],而淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的變化在這一過(guò)程中起重要作用。在淋巴細(xì)胞亞群與免疫功能的研究中調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Treg)已成為近年來(lái)研究的熱點(diǎn),Treg是一類高表達(dá)CD4、CD25而弱表達(dá)CD127抗原(CD4+CD25+CD127low)的T細(xì)胞亞群,通過(guò)抑制機(jī)體CD4+和CD8+細(xì)胞的活化和增殖、抑制NK細(xì)胞的增殖在維持機(jī)體免疫自穩(wěn)和調(diào)控免疫應(yīng)答等方面起重要作用,但在腫瘤患者中Treg的表達(dá)水平異常升高從而抑制了自身的抗腫瘤作用[3]。筆者通過(guò)檢測(cè)卵巢癌患者血漿中Treg等淋巴細(xì)胞亞群水平的變化,分析Treg對(duì)卵巢癌患者免疫功能的影響及其與臨床病理因素間的關(guān)系,探討Treg在卵巢癌研究中的意義。
1.1 對(duì)象 2013年6月至2014年12月于浙江省腫瘤醫(yī)院婦科住院的卵巢癌患者130例,年齡27~76(53± 11)歲;所有患者均經(jīng)病理檢查確診,排除嚴(yán)重感染和自身免疫病史。其中漿液性癌82例,黏液性癌29例,子宮內(nèi)膜樣癌10例,混合性上皮癌9例;選取同期在浙江省腫瘤醫(yī)院體檢健康50例女性作為正常對(duì)照組,年齡28~70(49±10)歲;兩組間年齡差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。同時(shí)從130例患者中選取30例手術(shù)患者和30例未手術(shù)的化療患者,其中30例手術(shù)患者為Ⅰ~Ⅱ期卵巢癌患者,年齡31~68(49±9)歲,30例化療患者為Ⅲ~Ⅳ期晚期患者,年齡35~74(54±10)歲;化療均采用TP方案:紫杉醇(175mg/m2)+卡鉑(AUC=5)。
1.2 方法 采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)測(cè)定卵巢癌患者和健康者外周血中CD4+、CD8+、NK以及Treg等不同淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的比例。采集清晨空腹靜脈血,EDTA-K2抗凝,采用Beckman Coulter公司生產(chǎn)的CytomicsTMFC 500儀器,所用抗體均為Beckman Coulter公司儀器的配套產(chǎn)品,檢測(cè)CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞和NK細(xì)胞的比例以及Treg占CD4+T細(xì)胞的比例,其中T細(xì)胞亞群以CD4-FITC/ CD8-PE/CD3-PC5組合標(biāo)記,NK細(xì)胞以CD3-FITC/CD(16+56)-PE組合標(biāo)記,Treg細(xì)胞以 CD25-FITC/ CD127-PE/CD4-PC5組合標(biāo)記,以同熒光素標(biāo)記同源的IgG1或IgG2作為同型對(duì)照。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟:取流式試管加入100μl抗凝全血,分別加入標(biāo)記單克隆抗體各20μl,渦旋混勻后室溫避光孵育20min,加入500μl紅細(xì)胞裂解液OptiLyse C,渦旋混勻,室溫避光10min,加入PBS 500μl洗2次,離心棄上清液,再加入PBS 500μl,混勻后上機(jī)檢測(cè)。比較術(shù)前和術(shù)后1個(gè)月以及化療前和化療1周期后Treg水平的變化。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 應(yīng)用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。計(jì)量資料用表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用方差分析。
2.1 卵巢癌組和正常對(duì)照組淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的比較 卵巢癌組CD4+、NK比例以及CD4/CD8比值明顯低于正常對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);卵巢癌組Treg細(xì)胞比例明顯高于正常對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),詳見表1。
表1 卵巢癌組和正常對(duì)照組淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的比較(%)
2.2 不同臨床病理因素卵巢癌患者Treg水平的比較 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的卵巢癌患者Treg水平高于淋巴結(jié)未轉(zhuǎn)移的患者,在FIGOⅢ、Ⅳ期組患者的Treg水平明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);而Treg水平在年齡、分化程度、病理分型中的差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05),詳見表2。
2.3 手術(shù)及化療前后卵巢癌患者血漿Treg水平的變化 手術(shù)1個(gè)月后患者Treg比例為(4.16±1.01)%,較術(shù)前 [(4.86±1.43)%]有明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);化療后Treg比例為(5.11±1.52)%,較化療前[(5.43±1.81)%]略有下降,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
Treg是目前研究漸熱的一種免疫抑制細(xì)胞,由Sakaguchi等[4]在1995年首次報(bào)道。Treg具有低反應(yīng)性和免疫抑制性兩大功能,通過(guò)抑制CD4+和CD8+細(xì)胞的活化和增殖、抑制NK細(xì)胞的增殖,下調(diào)樹突狀細(xì)胞(DC)的表面共刺激分子的表達(dá)、降低抗原遞呈的效率等發(fā)揮作用[5-7],研究表明Treg在多種實(shí)體腫瘤組織和外周血中均有顯著增加[8-11],并且其水平與腫瘤的分級(jí)、進(jìn)展以及患者的預(yù)后相關(guān)[12-15],本研究旨在通過(guò)分析Treg對(duì)卵巢癌患者免疫功能的影響以及在不同臨床病理因素分組下的變化,探討Treg在卵巢癌研究中的意義。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)卵巢癌患者體內(nèi)免疫功能處于低下和失衡狀態(tài),其CD4+、NK細(xì)胞的水平以及CD4+/CD8+的比值明顯低于正常對(duì)照組,而Treg水平高于正常對(duì)照組,提示卵巢癌患者體內(nèi)免疫功能低下與異常增加的Treg細(xì)胞相關(guān),這一結(jié)果與Dowlatshahi等[16]的研究結(jié)果一致,另有研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)下調(diào)腫瘤患者Treg水平后患者的抗腫瘤功能得到顯著改善[17-18],進(jìn)一步證實(shí)Treg通過(guò)抑制CD4+、NK等淋巴細(xì)胞的活化、增殖從而限制了機(jī)體的抗腫瘤免疫功能。
表2 卵巢癌患者Treg在不同臨床病理因素中的比較
在卵巢癌不同臨床病理因素分組比較中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)Treg水平在不同年齡階段表達(dá)較為穩(wěn)定,在≥50歲和<50歲中無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,與Santner-Nanan等[19]的研究結(jié)果相同。同時(shí)Treg在卵巢癌不同的病理分型和分化程度中均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但在FIGOⅢ、Ⅳ期組的Treg水平明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期,同時(shí)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組患者的Treg水平也明顯高于淋巴結(jié)未轉(zhuǎn)移組,提示Treg水平與腫瘤的分期和轉(zhuǎn)移擴(kuò)散密切相關(guān),因此對(duì)卵巢癌患者的預(yù)后有重要價(jià)值。此外筆者對(duì)其中部分患者手術(shù)前后和化療前后的Treg水平進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果顯示術(shù)后Treg水平較術(shù)前有顯著下降,而化療后Treg水平較化療前有一定程度下降但無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。對(duì)這一結(jié)果認(rèn)為術(shù)后Treg水平的下降可能是由于術(shù)后腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)Treg的誘導(dǎo)作用消失所致,已有研究證實(shí)腫瘤細(xì)胞能產(chǎn)生某些細(xì)胞因子和CCL22趨化因子從而導(dǎo)致Treg的增生分化和局部聚集,并構(gòu)成一個(gè)免疫耐受的微環(huán)境[20-21],而術(shù)后這一作用消失Treg水平也隨之下降。化療作為卵巢癌治療的另一種重要手段,其作用機(jī)制較為復(fù)雜。有研究認(rèn)為化療藥物可通過(guò)抑制腫瘤微環(huán)境中的血管生成,促進(jìn)Treg細(xì)胞調(diào)亡減少,從而有效控制腫瘤的發(fā)展[22],國(guó)內(nèi)有學(xué)者報(bào)道化療后Treg水平在乳腺癌、直腸癌、肺癌等腫瘤中均有明顯下降[23-25],在本研究中化療后Treg水平較化療前水平有下降但無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,可能是因?yàn)槿脒x的研究樣本相對(duì)偏少,另一方面則與患者不同的免疫狀態(tài)以及化療敏感性的個(gè)體差異有關(guān),筆者將在增加樣本量和化療周期以及統(tǒng)一給藥時(shí)間、方法等基礎(chǔ)上作進(jìn)一步的研究。
綜上所述,卵巢癌患者中Treg抑制了機(jī)體正常的抗腫瘤免疫功能,其水平與卵巢癌患者的免疫狀態(tài)及腫瘤分期密切相關(guān),因此能夠作為卵巢癌預(yù)后以及療效監(jiān)測(cè)的重要指標(biāo),但Treg水平與腫瘤細(xì)胞間的具體作用機(jī)制尚未明確,需作更深入的研究。
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Regulatory T cell levels in peripheral blood of patients with ovarian cancer and its clinicopathological significance
WU Jie,LUO Jicai,CHEN Wenhu,et al.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital,Hangzhou 310022,China
【 Abstract】 Objective To investigate the levels of CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with ovarian cancer and its relation to clinicopathological features of the disease. Methods Plasma levels of CD4,CD8,NK and regulatory T cells were measured in 130 ovarian cancer patients and 50 healthy controls by flow cytometry.The relation between the plasma levels of regulatory T cells and clinicopathologic features of the disease was analyzed,and changes of regulatory T cells levels in 30 ovarian cancer patients before and after surgery and chemotherapy were compared. Results The percentages of CD4+,NK and CD4+/CD8+ratio in ovarian cancer group were significantly lower than those in control group.The percentage of regulatory T cells in ovarian cancer group was significantly higher than that in controls;the percentage of regulatory T cells in patients with lymphatic metastasis was significantly higher than that in those without lymphatic metastasis;and the percentage of regulatory T cells in advanced cancer patients was significantly higher than that in early cancer patients(P<0.05).The levels of regulatory T cells dropped significantly after surgery(P<0.05),but had no significant changes after chemotherapy(P>0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that regulatory Tcells may be a valuable marker for prognosis and treatment monitoring in patients with ovarian cancer.
Regulatory Tcells Ovarian cancerFlow cytometry
2015-09-09)
(本文編輯:嚴(yán)瑋雯)
浙江省衛(wèi)生廳資助項(xiàng)目(2015KYA042)
310022 杭州,浙江省腫瘤醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科(吳杰、陳文虎、張劍英、張毅敏、金元、劉鵬、徐笑紅);浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科(駱驥才);中國(guó)科學(xué)院(杭州)生命科學(xué)院(許志良)
徐笑紅,E-mail:zjhzxxh@163.com