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血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C對卵巢癌的診斷價值研究

2016-12-06 06:33譚蓓蓓楊建波
關(guān)鍵詞:卵巢癌敏感性良性

譚蓓蓓,楊建波

(西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院核醫(yī)學(xué)科,四川 瀘州 646000)

血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C對卵巢癌的診斷價值研究

譚蓓蓓,楊建波

(西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院核醫(yī)學(xué)科,四川 瀘州 646000)

目的探討血清間皮素、人附睪上皮分泌蛋白4(HE4)、癌胚抗原125(CA125)及血管內(nèi)皮生長因子C(VEGF-C)對卵巢癌的診斷價值。方法比較卵巢癌組(97例)、良性組(100例)及對照組(120例)的血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平。聯(lián)合Logistic回歸分析和ROC曲線比較單一和聯(lián)合指標(biāo)對卵巢癌的診斷效能,并進(jìn)一步建立卵巢癌的偏最小二乘判別分析(PLS-DA)模型。結(jié)果卵巢癌組的血清間皮素、HE4、CA125和VEGF-C水平高于良性組和對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。血清間皮素、HE4、CA125和VEGF-C的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.78(95%CI:0.72,0.84)、0.90(95%CI:0.85,0.94)、0.88(95%CI:0.83,0.92)和0.84(95%CI:0.80,0.90)。檢測血清標(biāo)志物(間皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C)的AUC與間皮素+HE4+CA125、HE4+CA125+VEGF-C及HE4+CA125相當(dāng)(0.99、0.98、0.98和0.97)?;谘錒E4+CA125的PLS-DA模型診斷卵巢癌的敏感性、特異性和準(zhǔn)確率分別為88.7%,97.7%和95.0%?;谘彘g皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C診斷卵巢癌的敏感性、特異性和準(zhǔn)確率分比為91.8%,97.3%和95.6%。結(jié)論聯(lián)合檢測血清標(biāo)志物HE4和CA125是經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效的組合模式,有助于卵巢癌的鑒別診斷。

卵巢癌;間皮素;人附睪上皮分泌蛋白4;癌胚抗原125;血管內(nèi)皮生長因子C

卵巢癌早期起病隱匿且診斷缺乏特異、靈敏的血清標(biāo)志物。癌胚抗原125(carcinoembryonic antigen 125,CA125)常用于卵巢癌的常規(guī)篩查,但早期診斷仍有一定的局限性[1]。人附睪蛋白4(human epididymal protein 4,HE4)[2-3]、間皮素[4]、血管內(nèi)皮生長因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor C,VEGF-C)等[5]與卵巢癌的發(fā)生、轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān),但其診斷效能尚未被充分認(rèn)識[1,6-7]。因此,本研究以卵巢癌患者為研究對象,考察血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C單一和聯(lián)合指標(biāo)對卵巢癌的診斷價值,以篩選的受試者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)較大的組合標(biāo)志物建立偏最小二乘判別分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)模型,以期篩選診斷卵巢癌的最優(yōu)組合標(biāo)志物。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料

選取2014年2月-2015年11月于西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科住院,術(shù)后病理檢查確診的卵巢癌患者97例(卵巢癌組),患者年齡42~63歲,平均49歲。病理分型:漿液性癌68例,子宮內(nèi)膜樣癌13例,混合性癌14例,黏液性癌2例。臨床分期,Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期38例,Ⅲ期46例,Ⅳ期5例。選取同期卵巢良性疾病患者100例為良性對照(良性組),患者平均年齡為46歲(41~57歲),包括卵巢囊腫49例,卵巢漿液性腺瘤25例,卵巢黏液性腺瘤17例,子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥9例。選擇本院體檢女性為對照(對照組,120例),平均年齡為56歲(34~62歲),排除并發(fā)高血壓、糖尿病和心血管等疾病。

1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

研究對象均空腹靜脈采血3~5 ml,3 000 r/min離心10min后分離血清。采用日本東曹公司AIA2000化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析儀測定血清CA125水平,其參考范圍為0.0~35.0 u/ml。采用瑞士羅氏公司Cobas 601電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析儀及配套試劑盒測定血清HE4水平,血清HE4的參考范圍為0.0~150.0pmol/L。血清CA125和HE4測定前質(zhì)控符合要求。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)測定血清間皮素和VEGF-C水平,間皮素試劑盒購于美國ADL公司,VEGF-C試劑盒購于美國RD公司。嚴(yán)格參照試劑盒說明書操作,操作前建立血清間皮素和VEGF-C的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,測定中變異系數(shù)均控制在10%以內(nèi)。血清間皮素和VEGF-C的參考范圍分別為0.0~4.6ng/ml和67.4~270.0pg/ml。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)和ROC曲線的繪制均采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件完成。采用SIMCA 13.0軟件建立卵巢癌的PLS-DA模型。數(shù)據(jù)呈偏態(tài)分布,以中位數(shù)(Median,M)和四分位數(shù)間距(Quartile range,P25,P75)表示。3組比較用非參數(shù)的Kruska-wallisH檢驗(yàn),兩兩比較用Mann-WhitneyU檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.13組血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平比較

卵巢癌組血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平均高于良性組和對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。良性組血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平也高于對照組(P<0.05)。見表1。

2.2血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C單項(xiàng)和聯(lián)合的Logistic回歸-ROC曲線分析

單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中,HE4的診斷效能較高,AUC為0.90(95%CI:0.85,0.94),在臨界值為360.3 pmol/L時,敏感性和特異性分別為75.3%和99.0%。兩項(xiàng)聯(lián)合指標(biāo)中,HE4+CA125最佳的AUC為0.97(95%CI:0.94,0.99),在臨界值(概率)為0.541時,敏感性和特異性分別為89.7%和95.0%。3項(xiàng)聯(lián)合指標(biāo)中,間皮素+HE4+VEGF-C與HE4+CA125+VEGF-C的AUC相當(dāng),為0.98(95%CI:0.96,1.00)。4項(xiàng)聯(lián)合指標(biāo)中,間皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C的AUC最高,達(dá)0.99(95%CI:0.98,1.00),在臨界值(概率)為0.564時,敏感性和特異性分別為93.8%和96.0%。見圖1和表2。

表13 組血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平比較M(P25,P75)

圖1 血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C單一和聯(lián)合診斷卵巢癌的ROC曲線

表2 血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C單一和聯(lián)合診斷卵巢癌的敏感性和特異性分析

2.3基于血清HE4和CA125診斷卵巢癌的PLSDA模型

卵巢癌患者、卵巢良性疾病患者均能完全與健康人鑒別。卵巢癌患者和卵巢良性疾病患者不能完全鑒別,但兩者有分離趨勢。PLS-DA模型鑒別診斷卵巢癌的敏感性、特異性和分類正確率分別為88.7%、97.7%和95.0%。見圖2。

2.4基于血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C聯(lián)合診斷卵巢癌的PLS-DA模型

卵巢癌患者、卵巢良性疾病患者均能完全與健康人鑒別。卵巢癌患者和卵巢良性疾病患者也能較好地分離。該模型鑒別診斷肺癌的敏感性、特異性和分類正確率分別為91.8%、97.2%和95.6%。見圖3。

圖2 基于血清HE4和CA125診斷卵巢癌的PLS-DA模型

圖3 基于血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C診斷卵巢癌的PLS-DA模型

3 討論

CA125是與卵巢癌惡性程度密切相關(guān)的糖蛋白,對卵巢癌的診斷、療效監(jiān)測和預(yù)后評估均有一定意義[8]。HE4是WFDC2基因編碼的乳清酸性蛋白,在卵巢癌、子宮內(nèi)膜癌組織中過表達(dá),是潛在的婦科腫瘤標(biāo)志物。本研究顯示,卵巢癌患者血清CA125和HE4均高于卵巢良性疾病患者,與范亞萍[9]和嚴(yán)婷等[10]的報(bào)道一致。間皮素是一種與卵巢癌細(xì)胞脫落、黏附、種植等密切相關(guān)的細(xì)胞表面抗原[11],是監(jiān)測卵巢癌轉(zhuǎn)移較好的指標(biāo)[12]。VEGF-C是特異性淋巴管內(nèi)皮生長刺激因子,參與卵巢癌晚期淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移[13]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),卵巢癌患者血清間皮素和VEGF-C水平均升高,提示部分中晚期卵巢癌患者的癌細(xì)胞已脫落或發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移。

ROC曲線是敏感性和特異性的綜合,以評價特定指標(biāo)的診斷效能和尋找最佳的診斷標(biāo)志物。本研究中,血清HE4的診斷效能優(yōu)于CA125、VEGF-C及間皮素,提示測定血清HE4更有助于卵巢癌的鑒別診斷。聯(lián)合檢測多項(xiàng)腫瘤標(biāo)志物能獲得更高的敏感性或特異性,在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)單一指標(biāo)的不足。目前,國內(nèi)鮮有間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C等聯(lián)合檢測對卵巢癌診斷效能的相關(guān)報(bào)道。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),聯(lián)合指標(biāo)的AUC均高于單一指標(biāo),兩項(xiàng)聯(lián)合指標(biāo)中,HE4+CA125優(yōu)于間皮素+HE4、間皮素+CA125和間皮素+VEGF-C。檢測血清HE4+CA125的AUC達(dá)0.97(95%CI:0.94,0.99),與ZHAO等[6]的報(bào)道相似。4項(xiàng)組合標(biāo)志物間皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C的AUC與3項(xiàng)間皮素+HE4+VEGF-C、HE4+CA125+ VEGF-C和兩項(xiàng)HE4+CA125相當(dāng),但檢測成本和患者的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)也增加。因此,血清組合標(biāo)志物HE4+ CA125是較為理想且有效的卵巢癌診斷標(biāo)志物。

PLS-DA是代謝組學(xué)中常用的模式識別技術(shù),常用于疾病的分類診斷和預(yù)測分析[14],能顯著提高疾病的診斷效能[15]。本研究顯示,基于血清組合標(biāo)志物HE4+CA125和間皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C的PLS-DA模型診斷卵巢癌的敏感性、特異性和分類正確率相當(dāng),均能較好地鑒別診斷卵巢癌。

本研究綜合分析血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C單一和聯(lián)合指標(biāo)對卵巢的診斷價值。借助ROC曲線發(fā)現(xiàn),聯(lián)合檢測血清間皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C的診斷效能與HE4和CA125相當(dāng),但前者的檢測成本較高。借助PLS-DA模型進(jìn)一步證明,兩種聯(lián)合診斷模式的敏感性、特異性和診斷準(zhǔn)確率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。因此,血清HE4和CA125是診斷卵巢癌經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效的組合標(biāo)志物,有助于卵巢癌的鑒別診斷。

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[2]MOORE R G,BROWN A K,MILLER M C,et al.The use of multiple novel tumor biomarkers for the detection of ovarian carcinoma in patients with a pelvic mass[J].Gynecologic Oncology, 2008,108(2):402-408.

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[4]BADGWELL D,LU Z,COLE L,et al.Urinary mesothelin providesgreatersensitivityforearlystageovariancancerthan serummesothelin,urinary hCG free beta subunit and urinary hCG beta core fragment[J].Gynecol Oncol,2007,106(3):490-497.

[5]KAWAKAMI M,YANAI Y,HATA F,et al.Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes lymph node metastasis in a rectal can-cer orthotopic model[J].Surgery Today,2005,35(2):131-138.

[6]ZHAO T,HU W.CA125 and HE4:measurement tools for ovarian cancer[J].Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation,2016,81(5): 430-435.

[7]HISAMATSU T,MABUCHI S,SASANO T,et al.The significance of lymphatic space invasion and its association with vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in ovarian cancer[J]. Clinical Experimental Metastasis,2015,32(8):789-798.

[8]孫靜,謝建華.人附睪分泌蛋白與卵巢癌的關(guān)系[J].國際腫瘤學(xué)雜志,2010,37(3):222-225.

[9]范亞平,孫黎,牛愛軍,等.血清人附睪蛋白4、CA125在卵巢癌診斷中的價值[J].山東醫(yī)藥,2014,54(29):64-65.

[10]嚴(yán)婷,王萍玲,趙來剛,等.血清HE4與CA125對卵巢上皮性癌診斷價值及其與臨床病理特征的關(guān)系研究[J].實(shí)用婦產(chǎn)科雜志, 2015,31(5):595-598.

[11]HASSAN R,HO M.Mesothelin targeted cancer immunotherapy[J]. Eur J Cancer,2008,44(1):46-53.

[12]苑中莆,黃偉娟,樊素珍.間皮素與血清CA125聯(lián)合檢測上皮性卵巢癌的臨床價值[J].中國實(shí)用婦科與產(chǎn)科雜志,2011,27(2):131-133.

[13]UEDA M,HUNG Y C,TERAI Y,et al.Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression and invasive phenotype in ovarian carcinomas[J].Clinical Cancer Research,2005,11(9):3225-3232.

[14]ZHANG T,WU X,KE C,et al.Identification of potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer by urinary metabolomic profiling[J]. Journal of Proteome Research,2013,12(1):505-512.

[15]田剛,周明術(shù),杭永倫,等.腫瘤標(biāo)志對肺癌診斷價值PLS-DA和ANN-MPL模型評估[J].中華腫瘤防治雜志,2014,21(5):380-383.

(童穎丹 編輯)

Clinical diagnostic value of serum mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C in ovarian cancer

Bei-bei Tan,Jian-bo Yang
(Department of Nuclear Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China)

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum mesothelin,human epididymis protein 4 (HE4),cancer antigen 125(CA125)and vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C)for patients with ovarian cancer.Methods Serum levels of mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C in 97 cases of ovarian cancer, 100 cases of benign ovarian diseases and 120 healthy controls were analyzed.The logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the individual and combined diagnostic values of serum mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C for patients with ovarian cancer.And the diagnostic model of partial least square discrininant analysis(PLS-DA)was established.Results Serum levels of mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C in the patients with ovarian cancer were significantly higher than those in the patients with ovarian benign diseases and healthy controls(P<0.05).The area under the ROC(AUC) of serum mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C was 0.78(95%CI:0.72,0.84),0.90(95%CI:0.85,0.94), 0.88(95%CI:0.83,0.92)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80,0.90),respectively.The AUCs of the combined serum tumor markers(HE4+CA125),(mesothelin+HE4+CA125),(HE4+CA125+VEGF-C)and(mesothelin+HE4+ CA125+VEGF-C)was similar(0.97,0.98,0.98 and 0.99 respectively).The sensitivity,specificity and the accuracy of the combined serum tumor markers(HE4+CA125)for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the PLS-DA model were 88.7%,97.7%and 95.0%,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and the accuracy of combined serum tumor markers(mesothelin+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C)for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 91.8%,97.3%and 95.6%,respectively.Conclusions The combination of serum biomarkers(HE4+CA125)is economical and effective,which is helpful for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

ovarian cancer;mesothelin;human epididymis protein 4;cancer antigen 125;vascular endothelial growth factor C

R737.31

B

10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2016.21.014

1005-8982(2016)21-0068-05

2016-06-08

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