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超高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜定量測(cè)定全血中的13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物

2016-07-27 09:26王朝虹褚建新蔣文慧
刑事技術(shù) 2016年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:超高效液相色譜全血

王朝虹,張 琳,趙 蒙,劉 勇,褚建新,蔣文慧

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超高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜定量測(cè)定全血中的13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物

王朝虹1,張 琳1,趙 蒙1,劉 勇1,褚建新2,蔣文慧3

(1.最高人民檢察院檢察技術(shù)信息研究中心,北京 100040;2.浙江省檢察院,杭州 310012;3.杭州市檢察院,杭州 310000)

摘要:本文建立了一種全血樣品中13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及其代謝產(chǎn)物地西泮、硝西泮、溴西泮、氟西泮、氯硝西泮、氟硝西泮、勞拉西泮、奧沙西泮、普拉西泮、替馬西泮、7-氨基硝基西泮、7-氨基氟硝西泮和氯氮卓的超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜(UPLC-MS/MS)檢測(cè)方法。全血樣品經(jīng)過(guò)Ostro96孔磷脂過(guò)濾板提取,采用電噴霧離子源正離子(ESI+)模式和多反應(yīng)檢測(cè)(MRM)模式進(jìn)行質(zhì)譜分析,13種化合物在0.2~20 ng/mL濃度范圍內(nèi)均獲得良好的線性,該方法的提取回收率分布在65.2%~113.9%之間,最小檢測(cè)限可達(dá)0.008~0.15 ng/mL。本方法靈敏、簡(jiǎn)便、快速、高通量,適用于全血樣本中痕量苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜類(lèi)藥物的定性定量分析。

關(guān)鍵詞:苯二氮卓類(lèi)藥物;超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)四級(jí)桿質(zhì)譜;全血;ostro磷脂過(guò)濾板

苯二氮卓類(lèi)藥物(benzodiazepines)是目前世界上應(yīng)用最為廣泛的鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥,具有較好的療效。然而很多苯二氮卓類(lèi)藥物的治療量與中毒量、致死量相接近,過(guò)量使用易引起中毒乃至死亡[1-3]。此外,涉及這類(lèi)藥物的麻醉?yè)尳?、麻醉?qiáng)奸案件也較為多見(jiàn)。由于苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物原體在體內(nèi)的濃度會(huì)隨著時(shí)間及代謝而逐漸降低,很多案件檢材在檢測(cè)時(shí),藥物在血、尿中已含量甚微,難以檢出。因此,建立靈敏準(zhǔn)確且簡(jiǎn)單快速的檢測(cè)方法用于測(cè)定生物樣品中痕量苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物非常必要。目前,有很多文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道應(yīng)用超高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法(ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)[4-13]檢測(cè)體液中苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物,多應(yīng)用液液萃取或固相萃取法提取,其提取過(guò)程較為復(fù)雜,使用有毒化學(xué)試劑量較大。本文嘗試應(yīng)用Ostro磷脂過(guò)濾板對(duì)全血樣品進(jìn)行提取,聯(lián)合UPLC-MS/MS對(duì)13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物進(jìn)行檢測(cè)分析。

1 材料與方法

1.1 儀 器

超高效液相色譜串聯(lián)四級(jí)桿質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀WATERS Xevo TQ-S(WATERS,美國(guó)),震蕩器CUTE MIXER CM-1000型(EYELA,日本)。

1.2 試 劑

甲酸(HPLC級(jí))、乙腈(LC-MS級(jí)),均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Fisher Scientific公司。

1.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品:地西泮、硝西泮、溴西泮、氟西泮、氯硝西泮、氟硝西泮、勞拉西泮、奧沙西泮、普拉西泮、替馬西泮、7-氨基硝基西泮、7-氨基氟硝西泮和氯氮卓,濃度為1 mg/mL(甲醇液);內(nèi)標(biāo):地西泮- d5濃度100 μ g/mL(甲醇液)。均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Cerilliant公司。

1.4 液相色譜-質(zhì)譜分析條件

1.4.1 色譜條件

色譜柱:ACQULTY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm);流動(dòng)相:A為乙腈,B為5 mmoL/L碳酸氫銨溶液水溶液;柱溫:35℃;流速:0.5 μL/ min;進(jìn)樣量:2 μ L;梯度洗脫條件見(jiàn)表1。

1.4.2 質(zhì)譜條件

本實(shí)驗(yàn)在電噴霧離子源(electrospray ionization,ESI)正離子多反應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)(positive ion multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式下進(jìn)行;毛細(xì)管電壓:3 kV;去溶劑氣溫度:550℃;去溶劑氣流速:800 L/h;碰撞氣流速:0.15 mL/min;13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)藥物及代謝物的質(zhì)譜采集參數(shù)見(jiàn)表2。

1.5 全血樣品前處理

精密吸取100 μL全血置于Ostro 96孔磷脂過(guò)濾板(Agilent,美國(guó))中,加入400 μ L 1%甲酸乙腈溶液,正壓過(guò)濾,接收濾液,加1 μL(100 ng/mL)內(nèi)標(biāo)溶液,混勻,供UPLC-MS/MS分析。

表 1 梯度洗脫條件Table 1 Conditions of gradient elution

表 2 13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的質(zhì)譜采集參數(shù)Table 2 Monitored ions, cone voltage and collision energy of 13benzodiazepines and metabolites

2 結(jié)果與討論

2.1 線性及檢出限

在空白全血中添加不同濃度的13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的對(duì)照品溶液,濃度分別為0.2、0.5、1、2、5、10、20 ng/mL,按照全血樣品前處理方法提取,按1.4項(xiàng)的條件下進(jìn)行測(cè)定,全血中13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物在0.2~20 ng/mL濃度范圍內(nèi)線性關(guān)系良好。取線性最低點(diǎn)溶液逐倍稀釋?zhuān)許/N=3計(jì),計(jì)算13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的檢出限為0.008~0.15 ng/mL。按照上述條件測(cè)得13種二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物的MRM譜圖見(jiàn)圖1,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表3。

2.2 提取回收率、基質(zhì)效應(yīng)和精密度

配制低、中、高3個(gè)濃度的質(zhì)控樣品(QC),每個(gè)濃度6份,按1.5項(xiàng)的方法處理樣品,在1.4項(xiàng)的條件下進(jìn)行測(cè)定,記錄峰面積As,計(jì)算日內(nèi)精密度;同時(shí),取空白全血,按1.5項(xiàng)的方法處理后,配制成低、中、高3個(gè)濃度的溶液,每個(gè)濃度6份,在1.4項(xiàng)的條件下進(jìn)行測(cè)定,記錄峰面積Am;另取上述3個(gè)濃度的對(duì)照品溶液,不經(jīng)萃取直接進(jìn)樣,記錄峰面積為Astd。以As/Am計(jì)算提取回收率,Am/Astd計(jì)算基質(zhì)效應(yīng),結(jié)果見(jiàn)表4。

本文建立了應(yīng)用Ostro96孔磷脂過(guò)濾板提取、UPLC-MS/MS法同時(shí)檢測(cè)全血中13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及其代謝物,具有快速簡(jiǎn)單、靈敏度高、基質(zhì)效應(yīng)穩(wěn)定、回收率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),適用于苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的高通量痕量檢測(cè)。

表 3 13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的線性范圍、相關(guān)系數(shù)和檢出限Table 3 The linear range, correlation coeffi cient and detectionlimit of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites

圖 1 全血中13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的MRM譜圖Fig.1 MRM chromatograms of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites in whole blood samples

表 4 全血樣品中13種苯二氮卓類(lèi)安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的加樣回收率、基質(zhì)效應(yīng)和精密度Table 4 Extraction recovery, matrix effect, precision and accuracy of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Steentoft A, Worm K. Cases of fatal triazolam poisoning. J Forensic Sci Soc, 1993,33(1):45-48.

[2] Druid H, Holmgren P. A compilation of fatal and control concentrations of drugs in post-mortem femoral blood. J Forensic Sci, 1997,42(1):79-87.

[3] Steentoft A, Linnet K. Blood concentrations of clonazepam and 7-aminoclonazepam in forensic cases in Denmark for the period 2002-2007. Forensic Sci Int, 2009,184(1-3):74-79.

[4] Simonsen KW, Hermansson S, Steentoft A, et al. A validated method for simultaneous screening and quantifi cation of twenty-three benzodiazepines and m etabolites plus zopiclone and zaleplone in whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol, 2010,34:322-341.

[5] Ishida T, Kudo K, Hayshida M, et al. Rapid and quantitative screening method for 43 benzodiazepines and their metabolites,zolpidem and zopiclone in human plasma by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with a small particle column. J Chromatogr B, 2009,877(25):2652-2657.

[6] Rivera HM, Walker GS, Sims DN, et al. Application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of benzodiazepines in blood. Eur J Mass Spectrom, 2003,9:599-607.

[7] Smink BE, Brandsma JE, Dijkhuizen A, et al. Quantitative analysis of 33 benzodiazepines, metabolites, and benzodiazepine-like substances in whole blood by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B, 2004,811(1):13-20.

[8] Maurer HH. Multi-analyte procedures for screening for and quantification of drugs in blood, plasma, or serum by li quid chromatography-single stage or tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS or LC-MS-MS) relevant to clinical and forensic toxicology. Clin Biochem, 2005,38:310-318.

[9] Laloup M, Fernandez M, Boeck GD, et al. Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 26 benzodiazepines and metabolites, zolpidem and zopiclone in blood, urine, and hair. J Anal Toxicol, 2005,29:616-626.

[10] Hegstad S, Oiestad EL, Johansen U, et al. Determination of benzodiazepines in human urine using solid phase extraction and high-performance liqui d chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol, 2006,30:31-37.

[11] Quintela O, Sauvage F, Charvier F, et al. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for detection of low concentrations of 21 benzodiazepine s, metabolites, and analogs in urine:method with forensic applications. Clin Chem, 2006,52:1346-1355.

[12] Smink BE, Mathijssen MPM, Lusthof KJ, et al. Comparison of urine and oral fl uid as matrices for screening of 33 benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like substances using immunoassay and LC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol, 2006,30(7):478-485.

[13] Feng J, Wang L, Dai I , et al. Simultaneous determination of multiple drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in urine by LC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol, 2007,31:359-368.

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):DF795.1

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào):A

文章編號(hào):1008-3650(2016)01-0046-04

收稿日期:2015-10-16

作者簡(jiǎn)介:王朝虹,研究員,博士,研究方向?yàn)闉E用藥物分析。 E-mail: wangzhaohong27@163.com

Simultaneous Quantifi cation of Thirteen Benzodiazepines and Metabolites in Whole Blood by UPLC-MS/MS

WANG Zhaohong1, ZHANG Lin1, ZHAO Meng1, LIU Yong1, CHU Jianxin2, JIANG Wenhui2(1.Procuratorial Technical Information Center of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, Beijing 100040, China; 2.Zhejiang Provincial Procuratorate,Hangzhou 310012, China; 3. Hangzhou Procuratorate, Hangzhou 310000, China )

ABSTRACT:A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for simultaneous determination of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites including diazepam, nitrazepam, bromazepam, fl urazepam, clonazepam, fl unitrazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam,prazepam, temazepam, 7-amino-nitragepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam and chlordiazepam in whole blood samples by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The separations were carried out on an ACQULTY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.7 μm) at 35°C and with a constant fl ow rate of 0.5 mL/min and the gradient-elution consisting of acetonitrile and 5 mmoL ammonium hydrogen carbonate buffer. The MS parameters were set as capillary voltage (3 kV), desolvation gas temperature (550°C), desolvation gas flow (800 L/h), cone gas flow (150 L/h) and collision gas fl ow (0.15 mL/min). OstraTM96-well plate was used to extract the samples. 100 μL of human whole blood containing target drugs and D5-diazepam as internal standard was transferred into the OstraTM96-well plate, followed by 400 μL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Phospholipids were removed from the whole blood via the OstraTM96-well plate effectively, and the fi ltrate was collected under a constant pressure of 20 psi. Thereafter, the 96-well receiving plate was capped and placed on the suitable position in sample manager and was analyzed with UPLC-MS/MS system coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The samples were measured in the mode of electraspray positive ionization (ESI+)and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). 13 benzodiazepines and metaboli tes were linear in the range of 0.2~20 ng/mL with coeffi cients higher than 0.99. The extraction recoveries ranged from 65.2% to 113.9% for all analytes, and the limits of detection (LODs) were 0.008~0.15 ng/mL. The method presented here is validated to be simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate for the determination of trace benzodiazepines and metabolites in whole blood samples.

KEY WORDS:benzodiazepines; UPLC-MS/MS; whole blood; OstraTM96-well plate

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