王彥月
(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬大學(xué)城醫(yī)院,重慶 404100)
吡拉西坦治療腦梗死患者早期認(rèn)知功能障礙的療效觀察
王彥月
(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬大學(xué)城醫(yī)院,重慶 404100)
目的 探討吡拉西坦注射液在有早期認(rèn)知功能障礙的腦梗死患者中的治療效果。方法 選取重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院及附屬大學(xué)城醫(yī)院120例有認(rèn)知功能障礙的腦梗死患者為臨床研究對(duì)象(2012年1月至2015年10月間),將全部患者隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和研究組(n=60)。對(duì)照組給予基礎(chǔ)治療,研究組在基礎(chǔ)治療上應(yīng)用吡拉西坦注射液治療,觀察兩組認(rèn)知功能損害和療效。結(jié)果 治療前研究組和對(duì)照組的MMSE評(píng)分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。治療后研究組的MMSE評(píng)分明顯高于對(duì)照組,且兩組間的數(shù)據(jù)比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。研究組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 臨床中有認(rèn)知功能障礙的腦梗死患者在基礎(chǔ)治療上應(yīng)用吡拉西坦注射液治療能夠改善認(rèn)知功能,并且提高臨床療效。
腦梗死;認(rèn)知功能障礙;吡拉西坦;療效
1/10的腦梗死患者在發(fā)病前已存在認(rèn)知功能障礙,1/10的患者在第一次發(fā)病后將出現(xiàn)認(rèn)知功能障礙[1]。腦梗死后認(rèn)知功能障礙的發(fā)生率在過去20年逐漸增長(zhǎng),并且隨著人口老齡化將會(huì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),造成巨大的社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)及經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)[2]。因此,對(duì)于腦梗死后認(rèn)知功能障礙患者的治療已成為各學(xué)者的研究熱點(diǎn),本研究通過采用吡拉西坦治療腦梗死后認(rèn)知功能障礙,并觀察其療效,報(bào)道如下。
1.1 臨床資料:本次研究選取重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院及附屬大學(xué)城醫(yī)院120例腦梗死患者為臨床研究對(duì)象(2012年1月至2015年10月間),將其隨機(jī)分為對(duì)研究組和對(duì)照組,每組60例。研究組男性33例,女性27例,年齡為49~72歲,平均年齡為 (63.6±3.7)歲。對(duì)照組男性32例,女性28例,年齡為48~69歲,平均年齡為(61.9±4.5)歲。研究所有病例均符合1995年全國(guó)第四屆腦血管病學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議所制定的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3],經(jīng)頭顱CT/MRI檢查證實(shí),病程在72 h內(nèi),且均為首次發(fā)病,伴有不同程度的認(rèn)知功能損害。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①腦出血急性期;②嚴(yán)重肝、腎疾病,血液系統(tǒng)疾病,嚴(yán)重出、凝血疾病患者;③腦梗死前已有明確認(rèn)知功能障礙;④生命體征不平穩(wěn)或意識(shí)障礙無法配合完成量表;⑤譫妄或其他精神障礙。兩組患者的年齡、性別、吸煙、飲酒、并發(fā)癥等基本資料比較無明顯差異,無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,具有可比性。
1.2 治療方法:對(duì)本次研究的對(duì)照組予以基礎(chǔ)治療,包括:控制血壓、血糖,改善循環(huán)、抗血小板聚集、營(yíng)養(yǎng)神經(jīng)、維持水電解質(zhì)平衡等對(duì)癥支持治療。研究組患者在基礎(chǔ)治療上應(yīng)用吡拉西坦注射液(山東威高藥業(yè)股份有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20073420) 治療,靜脈注射100 mL,2次/天,連續(xù)治療14 d。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)。認(rèn)知功能損害程度評(píng)分:依據(jù)簡(jiǎn)易智力狀況檢查法(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,臨床療效采取療效指數(shù)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。
1.4 療效評(píng)定。將其分為4個(gè)等級(jí):①無效:療效指數(shù)不足18.0%;②好轉(zhuǎn):療效指數(shù)為18.0%~45.0%;③顯效:療效指數(shù)在46.0%~90.0%;④痊愈:療效指數(shù)在91.0%以上。臨床治療總有效率=好轉(zhuǎn)率+顯效率+痊愈率。療效指數(shù)=(治療前MMSE評(píng)分-治療后MMSE評(píng)分)/治療前MMSE評(píng)分×100%。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:采取SPSS19.0的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料用“`±s”表示,計(jì)量資料組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 當(dāng)比較研究組及對(duì)照組治療前后的MMSE評(píng)分時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)治療前研究組和對(duì)照組的MMSE評(píng)分比較無明顯差異,無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。治療后研究組MMSE評(píng)分較對(duì)照組有明顯改善,其差別具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
表1 研究組與對(duì)照組治療前后MMSE評(píng)分比較(分)
2.2 當(dāng)比較兩組間臨床治療效果時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)研究組總有效率為91.7%,對(duì)照組為70.3%,研究組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見表2。
Koistinaho等在腦梗死后認(rèn)知功能障礙患者的血管中,發(fā)現(xiàn)了很重要的病理變化,即由于腦組織缺血缺氧導(dǎo)致血管退化及血管炎性反應(yīng)(淀粉樣物質(zhì)沉積)[4]。而在阿爾茲海默病、輕度認(rèn)知功能障礙的患者的血管中,也有類似發(fā)現(xiàn)[5-7]。吡拉西坦作為腦代謝藥物,屬于吡咯烷酮類,可看做γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的衍生物[8],趙彤等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)GABA通過GABAA受體提高氯離子內(nèi)流,可提高海馬腦片耐缺氧能力,使GABA受體在腦缺血中具有神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用和神經(jīng)毒作用的雙重作用。從而可能改善血管退化及血管炎性反應(yīng),達(dá)到改善認(rèn)知功能障礙的目的。且Ankolekar等[10-12]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),降壓、調(diào)脂、磷酸二酯酶抑制劑、膽堿酯酶抑制劑、腦代謝藥物等對(duì)腦梗死后認(rèn)知功能障礙有預(yù)防作用。本次的臨床研究中,對(duì)照組采取抗血小板聚集、改善循環(huán)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)神經(jīng)等基礎(chǔ)治療,而研究組在基礎(chǔ)治療上加用吡拉西坦注射液治療,其臨床治療有效率達(dá)到了91.7%,明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示在神經(jīng)內(nèi)科常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上,可給予吡拉西坦改善腦梗死后認(rèn)知功能障礙。
表2 研究組與對(duì)照組療效對(duì)比觀察[n(%)]
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Therapeutic Effect of Laci Staw on Early Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Cerebral Infarction
WANG Yan-yue
(University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China)
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of piracetam and sodium chlorid injection in treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment patients. Methods From January 2012 to October 2015, 120 cases of post-stroke cognitive impairment patients were recruited and divided into study group and control group, each had 60 cases. The control group patients received basic treatment, the study group patients applied piracetam and sodium chlorid injection treatment on the basic treatment, cognitive impairment and therapeutic effect were be observed. Result There were no significant differences between the two groups in MMSE scores before treatment. MMSE scores of the two groups were higher after treatment separately, the significant differences were observed between the two groups in MMSE scores after treatment (P<0.05).There were significant differences between the two groups when compared the total effective rate(P<0.05). Conclusion The application of piracetam and sodium chlorid injection in treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment patients can improve cognitive function, and get better therapeutic effect.
Stroke; Cognitive impairment; Piracetam and sodium chlorid injection; Therapeutic effect關(guān)于腦梗死和認(rèn)知功能障礙的密切關(guān)系已被大家熟知,據(jù)報(bào)道,
R743.3
B
1671-8194(2016)14-0004-02