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中等強(qiáng)度靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞分泌炎癥因子的影響

2016-06-28 00:34郭志霞毛立斌王會(huì)琴張蕊張同存
天津醫(yī)藥 2016年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:磁場(chǎng)活化炎癥

郭志霞,毛立斌,王會(huì)琴,張蕊,張同存

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中等強(qiáng)度靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞分泌炎癥因子的影響

郭志霞1,毛立斌1,王會(huì)琴2,張蕊2,張同存1

摘要:目的觀察中等強(qiáng)度靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)人單核細(xì)胞白血病細(xì)胞THP-1增殖和炎癥因子腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8分泌的影響。方法取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期THP-1細(xì)胞,分為對(duì)照組和磁場(chǎng)處理組,利用60 mT、200 mT、400 mT的靜磁場(chǎng)分別作用細(xì)胞18 h、24 h,、48 h后,CCK-8法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖情況。另取細(xì)胞分為對(duì)照組、磁場(chǎng)處理組、脂多糖(LPS)活化組、LPS+磁場(chǎng)組。利用60 mT、200 mT、400 mT的靜磁場(chǎng)分別作用磁場(chǎng)處理組和LPS+磁場(chǎng)組18 h、24 h、48 h后,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)各組TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的水平。結(jié)果(1)與對(duì)照組相比,3種強(qiáng)度磁場(chǎng)處理組對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞增殖無(wú)明顯影響(P>0.05)。(2)各組24 h時(shí)TNF-α、IL-6水平較18 h升高,IL-8則無(wú)明顯變化。而48 h與24 h相比較,TNF-α出現(xiàn)下降,IL-6無(wú)明顯變化,IL-8出現(xiàn)升高。3個(gè)時(shí)點(diǎn)LPS活化組TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平較對(duì)照組及磁場(chǎng)處理組升高,經(jīng)過(guò)磁場(chǎng)處理后,LPS+磁場(chǎng)組IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平均較LPS活化組下降(P<0.05)。結(jié)論靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞釋放炎癥因子有一定抑制作用,可為類(lèi)風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎的治療提供理論依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞:類(lèi)風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎;靜磁場(chǎng);THP-1細(xì)胞;炎癥因子;脂多糖;酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn);腫瘤壞死因子-α;白細(xì)胞介素-6;白細(xì)胞介素-8

作者單位:1天津科技大學(xué)生物工程學(xué)院分子藥理學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)研究室(郵編300457),2工業(yè)發(fā)酵微生物教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室

類(lèi)風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)是以關(guān)節(jié)滑膜慢性炎癥為特點(diǎn)的自身免疫性疾病,巨噬細(xì)胞在RA的發(fā)病過(guò)程中起重要作用[1-2]。目前臨床上主要使用抗炎藥物控制炎癥發(fā)展,但長(zhǎng)期用藥存在不良反應(yīng)[3]。近年來(lái),磁療法因具有費(fèi)用低、簡(jiǎn)便易行、安全無(wú)創(chuàng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被初步用于RA臨床治療。但是由于磁場(chǎng)規(guī)格不盡相同,其作用機(jī)制尚不明確,限制了磁場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用[4]。THP-1細(xì)胞株來(lái)源于急性單核細(xì)胞白血病患者,具有典型單核細(xì)胞特征,在佛波酯(PMA)的作用下成熟為巨噬細(xì)胞。多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)THP-1細(xì)胞可作為RA的發(fā)病機(jī)制研究的體外模型[5-7]。本文旨在探究不同強(qiáng)度的靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞的作用,為磁療法在臨床上治療關(guān)節(jié)炎提供理論基礎(chǔ)。

1 材料與方法

1.1試劑與磁場(chǎng)設(shè)備

1.1.1試劑PMA購(gòu)自Sigma,脂多糖(LPS)購(gòu)自碧云天,人腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、人白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)試劑盒均購(gòu)自貝茵萊公司,CCK-8細(xì)胞增殖檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自奕源生物,RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自GIBCO,胎牛血清購(gòu)自四季青。

1.1.2磁場(chǎng)設(shè)備60 mT、200 mT、400 mT靜磁場(chǎng)由德中利德(天津)生物技術(shù)有限公司提供,靜磁體規(guī)格:Φ35 mm×20 mm×10 mm,見(jiàn)圖1。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of static magnetic field圖1靜磁體規(guī)格示意圖

1.2方法

1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)THP-1(購(gòu)自上海中國(guó)科學(xué)院細(xì)胞庫(kù))在37℃,5%CO2條件下培養(yǎng)于含10%胎牛血清,100 U/mL青

霉素和100 mg/L鏈霉素的RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基。取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)前用臺(tái)盼藍(lán)拒染法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力>95%。

1.2.2靜磁場(chǎng)處理以及細(xì)胞增殖情況檢測(cè)細(xì)胞以1×105個(gè)/mL每孔100 μL接種于96孔板中,分為對(duì)照組和磁場(chǎng)處理組,每組設(shè)4個(gè)復(fù)孔。磁場(chǎng)處理組分別置于60 mT、200 mT、400 mT靜磁場(chǎng)上曝磁18 h、24 h、48 h,對(duì)照組在未充磁靜磁場(chǎng)上放置18 h、24 h、48 h。靜磁場(chǎng)處理后每孔加入10 μL CCK-8溶液,37℃避光孵育2 h,酶標(biāo)儀于490 nm處測(cè)定光密度(OD)值,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.2.3 THP-1細(xì)胞活化及炎癥因子測(cè)定THP-1細(xì)胞分為對(duì)照組、磁場(chǎng)處理組、LPS活化組[細(xì)胞經(jīng)PMA(150 μg/L)誘導(dǎo)24 h,分化為成熟巨噬細(xì)胞。饑餓處理12 h后,加入LPS (1 mg/L)活化24 h;更換含血清培養(yǎng)基正常培養(yǎng),即為活化后的THP-1細(xì)胞]、LPS+磁場(chǎng)組,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。磁場(chǎng)處理組和LPS+磁場(chǎng)組分別置于60 mT、200 mT、400 mT靜磁場(chǎng)上作用18 h、24 h、48 h,對(duì)照組及LPS活化組在未充磁靜磁場(chǎng)上放置相應(yīng)時(shí)間。曝磁結(jié)束后收集各組上清,按照ELISA試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)操作測(cè)定各組IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平,在450 nm波長(zhǎng)處測(cè)定OD值。根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算出待測(cè)炎癥因子的濃度。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x ±s)表示,2組間均數(shù)的比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用Tukey法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況的影響與對(duì)照組相比,60 mT、200 mT、400 mT靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況無(wú)明顯影響(P>0.05),且隨著磁暴時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

2.2靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞分泌炎癥因子的影響

2.2.1 TNF-α組內(nèi)不同時(shí)間比較:3種磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度下,24 h時(shí)各組內(nèi)TNF-α水平較18 h升高,而到48 h時(shí)則出現(xiàn)下降(P<0.05)。組間比較:LPS活化組THP-1細(xì)胞TNF-α表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組和磁場(chǎng)處理組升高(P<0.05),經(jīng)過(guò)磁場(chǎng)干預(yù)后,LPS+磁場(chǎng)組較LPS活化組TNF-α水平均有所降低(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。

Tab. 1 Effects of static magnetic field on THP-1 cell growth表1靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞增殖情況的影響 ?。╪=4,OD,x ±s)

Tab. 2 Effects of different inte nsity static magnetic field on secretion of TNF-α表2不同強(qiáng)度靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)細(xì)胞釋放TNF-α的影響(n=3,ng/L,x ±s)

2.2.2 IL-6組內(nèi)不同時(shí)間比較:3種磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度下,24 h時(shí)IL-6的釋放量高于18 h(P<0.05),48 h與24 h IL-6的釋放水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。組間比較:3種磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度處理后,LPS活化組IL-6水平較對(duì)照組和磁場(chǎng)處理組升高(P<0.05),而LPS+磁場(chǎng)組較LPS活化組IL-6水平均有所下降(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。

2.2.3 IL-8組內(nèi)比較:3種磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度下,各組內(nèi)24 h與18 h IL-8水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),48 h時(shí)IL-8水平明顯升高(P<0.05)。組間比較:3種磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度處理后,LPS活化組IL-8水平較對(duì)照組和磁場(chǎng)處理組升高(P<0.05),而LPS+磁場(chǎng)組較LPS活化組IL-8水平有所下降,見(jiàn)表4。

3 討論

THP-1細(xì)胞經(jīng)LPS活化后,LPS可結(jié)合到細(xì)胞膜的TOLL樣受體上并激活絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)或核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(NF)-κB信號(hào)通路,引起IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的釋放[8-9]。TNF-α主要由單核細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞分泌產(chǎn)生,在調(diào)控細(xì)胞凋亡、炎癥和免疫的過(guò)程中起重要的作用,活化的TNF-α又可有效激活NF-κB通路。IL-6可刺激軟骨下骨囊性變及硬化,導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)軟骨活動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)力分布不均,加速礦化的骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(OA)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的退變[10-11]。IL-8在一定程度上趨化炎癥細(xì)胞進(jìn)入關(guān)節(jié)其他組織(滑膜、滑液、韌帶等),合成、釋放多種炎癥介質(zhì),加重關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)炎癥反應(yīng)。

Tab. 3 Effects of different intensity static magnetic field on secretion of IL-6表3不同強(qiáng)度靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)細(xì)胞釋放IL-6的影響(n=3,ng/L,x ±s)

Tab. 4 Effects of different intensity static magnetic field on secretion of IL-8表4不同強(qiáng)度靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)細(xì)胞釋放IL-8的影響(n=3,ng/L,x ±s)

磁場(chǎng)對(duì)于生物體的作用機(jī)制存在很多假說(shuō),其中被廣泛接受的是磁場(chǎng)通過(guò)影響細(xì)胞內(nèi)外鈣離子濃度從而影響細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)效應(yīng)[12-14]。此外,細(xì)胞內(nèi)的大分子如蛋白質(zhì)、酶等或帶不同電荷的基團(tuán),或含有過(guò)渡族金屬離子。這些部分往往是酶的活性中心,在穩(wěn)恒磁場(chǎng)作用下這些金屬離子和基團(tuán)的電荷受力方向及回旋半徑都不相同,導(dǎo)致整個(gè)酶分子的構(gòu)象發(fā)生變形或扭曲,將活性中心外露或內(nèi)包,從而改變了酶的活性,進(jìn)而影響到細(xì)胞的正常生理活動(dòng)。而炎癥細(xì)胞信號(hào)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的信號(hào)系統(tǒng),可以管理基本細(xì)胞活動(dòng),協(xié)調(diào)細(xì)胞行為。目前關(guān)于靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)炎癥細(xì)胞的報(bào)道較少,且結(jié)論不一。Dini等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn)6 mT的靜磁場(chǎng)可抑制PMA引起的前單核細(xì)胞(U937細(xì)胞)分化,但并不影響細(xì)胞的增殖、,與本研究的結(jié)果基本一致。另有研究顯示靜磁場(chǎng)可使THP-1細(xì)胞和U937細(xì)胞吞噬指數(shù)和吞噬率下降,其作用在巨噬細(xì)胞的分化晚期明顯增強(qiáng)[12]。Aldinucci等[13]發(fā)現(xiàn)4.75 T強(qiáng)靜磁場(chǎng)可以有效促進(jìn)外周血淋巴細(xì)胞的增殖能力,而淋巴細(xì)胞的活化程度無(wú)明顯變化,且血清中IL-1β、IL-6、干擾素(IFN)和TNF-α的含量無(wú)明顯改變。Vergallo等[16]采用2~754 mT不均一靜磁場(chǎng)作用于人外周血巨噬細(xì)胞和淋巴細(xì)胞,可以有效抑制巨噬細(xì)胞釋放TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8,及淋巴細(xì)胞釋放IL-6。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),3種強(qiáng)度的靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞的增殖并無(wú)影響。且LPS活化后的THP-1細(xì)胞釋放的炎癥因子水平升高,而經(jīng)過(guò)磁場(chǎng)干預(yù)后,炎癥因子釋放減少,提示磁場(chǎng)對(duì)抑制炎癥因子的釋放有一定作用。另外3種炎癥因子隨時(shí)間的消長(zhǎng)變化并不一致,這可能是由于TNF-α在炎癥反應(yīng)中的特殊地位所致。TNF-α是一種重要的前炎性細(xì)胞因子,被認(rèn)為是引發(fā)炎癥反應(yīng)的起始者,其釋放較早,合成后可經(jīng)TNF受體激活NF-κB信號(hào)通路,誘導(dǎo)其他炎癥因子的釋放,因而導(dǎo)致IL-6和IL-8釋放的峰值較晚。

靜磁場(chǎng)對(duì)細(xì)胞的生物效應(yīng)是從多方位、多層次同時(shí)作用而表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的綜合效應(yīng),并不是某一因素單獨(dú)作用的結(jié)果。目前研究中大多實(shí)驗(yàn)條件并不相同,得到的結(jié)論也各有側(cè)重。本研究提示靜磁場(chǎng)可能通過(guò)抑制IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的釋放來(lái)輔助治療RA。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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(

2015-07-30收稿2015-11-20修回)

(本文編輯胡小寧)

The effect of moderate static magnetic fields on secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in THP-1 cells

GUO Zhixia1, MAO Libin1, WANG Huiqin2, ZHANG Rui2, ZHANG Tongcun1
1 Molecular Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457,China; 2 Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education
Corresponding Author E-mail: tony@tust.edu.cn

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of moderate static magnetic fields (SMF) on secretion of inflammato?ry factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human monocytic leukemic cell line THP-1. Methods THP-1 cells at logarithmic phase were divided into control group and magnetic treatment group. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation after THP-1 cells were exposed to 60 mT, 200 mT and 400 mT static magnetic fields at 18, 24 and 48 h. Then THP-1 cells were divided into control group, magnetic treatment group, LPS activation group and LPS+SMF treatment group. When magnetic treatment group and LPS+SMF treatment group were ex?posed to SMFat 18, 24 and 48 h, the levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were determined by ELISA. Results (1) 60 mT, 200 mT and 400 mT SMF had no significant effects on cell proliferation in THP-1 cells (P>0.05). (2)THP-1 cells secreted more TNF-α and IL-6 in 24 h than 18 h in every group, while IL-8 didn′t change. Compared with 24 h, the secre?tion of TNF-α decreased and IL-6 didn′t change, while IL-8 increased in 48 h. At three sampled time THP-1 cells of LPS activation group secreted more TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 than those of control group and magnetic treatment group. After magnetic treatment THP-1 cells of LPS+SMF treatment group secreted less TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 than those of LPS activation group (P<0.05). Conclusion Static magnetic field may have some inhibitory effects on release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 from THP-1 cells, which can provide basic datafor the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Key words:rheumatoid arthritis; static magnetic field; THP-1 cells; inflammatory factors; LPS; ELISA; TNF-α; IL-6; IL-8

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R684.3

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A

DOI:10.11958/20150055

基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31171303,31270837);教育部長(zhǎng)江學(xué)者和創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃(IRT1166)

作者簡(jiǎn)介:郭志霞(1989),女,碩士在讀,主要從事關(guān)節(jié)炎和骨質(zhì)疏松研究

通訊作者E-mail: tony@tust.edu.cn

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