張楊 楊琰 曹鈞
Ranson評(píng)分與Glasgow評(píng)分對(duì)急性胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后評(píng)估的對(duì)比分析
張楊 楊琰 曹鈞
目的 探討Ranson評(píng)分與Glasgow評(píng)分對(duì)急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)疾病嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值的差異。方法 回顧性地收集自2014年7月至2016年7月230例AP病人的臨床資料,結(jié)合中國(guó)胰腺炎診治指南(2007)將病人分為輕癥胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis, MAP)組、重癥胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)組。按照各評(píng)分系統(tǒng)相應(yīng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)病人進(jìn)行Ranson評(píng)分和Glasgow評(píng)分。比較組間病人一般臨床資料及Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分的差異,ROC曲線比較兩評(píng)分系統(tǒng)對(duì)AP疾病嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值的差異。結(jié)果 MAP組與SAP組病人一般情況相比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05),而SAP組病人Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分結(jié)果相對(duì)較高,與MAP組相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。Ranson評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)SAP的敏感性和特異性分別為61.16%和66.52%,Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)SAP的敏感性和特異性分別為44.40%和77.32%,兩者預(yù)測(cè)SAP的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.69和0.67,組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);Ranson評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的敏感性和特異性分別為75.00%和63.55%、Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的敏感性和特異性分別為62.53%和75.26%,而兩者預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的AUC分別為0.85和0.66,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 Ranson評(píng)分在AP病人疾病嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后判斷方面較Glasgow評(píng)分具有更高的穩(wěn)定性和可信度,值得臨床進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
Ranson評(píng)分; Glasgow評(píng)分; 急性胰腺炎; 預(yù)后; 預(yù)測(cè)
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是以胰腺以及全身性廣泛炎癥反應(yīng)為主要病理生理紊亂特征的疾病之一。多數(shù)輕癥急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)病人經(jīng)保守治療可有效阻斷病人病理生理紊亂過(guò)程的進(jìn)展,達(dá)到臨床治愈的目的,病死率相對(duì)低,預(yù)后較好;而約20%~30%的重癥急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis, SAP)因合并嚴(yán)重的多器官功能障礙綜合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS),病情迅速惡化、臨床經(jīng)過(guò)極為兇險(xiǎn),病死率在30%以上[1-4]。根據(jù)當(dāng)前我國(guó)急性胰腺炎診治指南及臨床工作實(shí)際,SAP的判斷主要依據(jù)病人臨床表現(xiàn)及相關(guān)器官功能障礙指標(biāo)。利用急性生理學(xué)與慢性健康狀況評(píng)分(APACHE-Ⅱ)、Ranson及Glasgow評(píng)分等評(píng)價(jià)體系可較早實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)AP病人疾病嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的評(píng)估,對(duì)改善SAP病人的臨床結(jié)局具有重要意義。關(guān)于APACHE-Ⅱ評(píng)分對(duì)AP病人疾病嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后預(yù)測(cè)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值已基本得到肯定,然限于APACHE-Ⅱ評(píng)分所涉及的臨床指標(biāo)相對(duì)較多,其臨床應(yīng)用受到一定程度的限制,而Ranson評(píng)分和Glasgow評(píng)分的評(píng)分指標(biāo)則相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)便,本研究旨在探討Ranson評(píng)分和Glasgow評(píng)分兩種評(píng)分方法對(duì)AP疾病嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值的差異。
一、臨床資料
1.病人納入排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 本次研究病人的納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:新診斷的急性胰腺炎病人,發(fā)病至入院時(shí)間<72 h;排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:慢性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎急性發(fā)作、醫(yī)源性胰腺炎、外傷性胰腺炎、胰腺腫瘤及臨床數(shù)據(jù)不全,不能滿足本次研究要求的急性胰腺炎病人。
2.病人一般情況及分組 按照上述納入排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),本次研究共收集2014年7月至2016年7月于我科就診的AP病人230例,其中男性141例,女性89例。年齡17~88歲,平均(59.5±22.8)歲,膽源性胰腺炎127例(55.22%),酒精性胰腺炎42例(18.26%),高脂血癥性胰腺炎55例(23.91%),其他原因所致急性胰腺炎6例(2.61%)。按照2007中國(guó)急性胰腺炎診療指南相關(guān)分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),本組230例病人分為MAP組199(86.52%)例,SAP組31例(13.48%)。
二、臨床數(shù)據(jù)采集及治療方法
研究開(kāi)始前,分別按照Ranson評(píng)分及Glasgow評(píng)分[5-6]所涉及的相關(guān)指標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)采集表格,回顧性的查閱病人病歷,記錄病人年齡、入院時(shí)首次血常規(guī)白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血糖、紅細(xì)胞壓積、堿缺失、液體補(bǔ)充量、丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、乳酸脫氫酶、尿素氮、血鈣、動(dòng)脈血氧分壓、血漿白蛋白等指標(biāo),并對(duì)病人進(jìn)行相關(guān)評(píng)分。所有病人入院后均予以禁食、胃腸減壓、維持水電解質(zhì)平衡、抑酸、抑酶、鎮(zhèn)痛、營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持,并根據(jù)病情需要選擇重癥監(jiān)護(hù),呼吸、循環(huán)支持及手術(shù)等治療措施,記錄病人住院期間死亡情況。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
一、組間病人一般情況及Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分比較
組間一般資料比較結(jié)果顯示,MAP、SAP兩組病人年齡分布、性別比例、病因構(gòu)成3項(xiàng)指標(biāo)相比,組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05);而SAP組和MAP組病人Ranson評(píng)分分別為(4.08±3.55)分和(1.35±2.01)分、Glasgow評(píng)分分別為(3.77±3.14)分和(1.34±1.65)分,結(jié)果均相對(duì)較高,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05),詳見(jiàn)表1。
二、Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP疾病嚴(yán)重程度準(zhǔn)確性差異的對(duì)比分析
按照中國(guó)胰腺炎診治指南(2007)相關(guān)疾病嚴(yán)重程度分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將本組230例病人分為MAP組199(86.52%)例和SAP組31(13.48%)例。基于該分
表1 組間病人一般情況及Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分比較
組結(jié)果繪制Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分與AP疾病嚴(yán)重程度的ROC曲線,結(jié)果顯示,Ranson評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)SAP的敏感性和特異性分別為61.16%和66.52%,Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)SAP的敏感性和特異性分別為44.40%和77.32%,兩者預(yù)測(cè)SAP的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.69和0.67,組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見(jiàn)圖1。
圖1 Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP疾病嚴(yán)重程度準(zhǔn)確性差異的對(duì)比分析
三、Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP住院期間死亡情況的對(duì)比分析
本組230例病人住院期間病死8例,均為SAP組,繪制Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分與病人住院期間死亡情況的ROC曲線,結(jié)果顯示,Ranson評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的敏感性和特異性分別為75.00%和63.55%、Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的敏感性和特異性分別為62.53%和75.26%,而兩者預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的AUC分別為0.85和0.66,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳見(jiàn)圖2。
SAP一直是臨床治療較為困難的疾病,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)臨床對(duì)該類高危病人的早期檢出、早期干預(yù),進(jìn)而達(dá)到改善SAP臨床療效及預(yù)后的最終目的,是廣大學(xué)者一直以來(lái)的共同努力方向。目前,臨床上判定SAP的主要參考指標(biāo)是持續(xù)性的MODS。然而,臨床實(shí)際工作中MODS從發(fā)生到檢出難免會(huì)存在不同程度的相對(duì)滯后性,而一旦檢出病人出現(xiàn)MODS,臨床糾正則相對(duì)困難,往往不能達(dá)到理想的治療效果,這可能是SAP病人病死率較高等不良臨床結(jié)局的重要原因。因此,如何能實(shí)現(xiàn)早期對(duì)AP病人的疾病嚴(yán)重程度作出相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè),從而早期篩檢出具有SAP高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的病人群,進(jìn)而早期采取相應(yīng)的針對(duì)性預(yù)防、處理措施,對(duì)改善SAP病人的臨床結(jié)局具有重要意義[7-9]。
圖2 Ranson評(píng)分、Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP住院期間死亡情況的對(duì)比分析
查閱當(dāng)前的相關(guān)研究報(bào)告,關(guān)于早期預(yù)測(cè)SAP的評(píng)價(jià)體系很多,然得到學(xué)者們認(rèn)可的評(píng)價(jià)方法相對(duì)有限[10-11]。但不可否認(rèn)的是,各種評(píng)價(jià)方法在AP疾病嚴(yán)重程度預(yù)測(cè)、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及不良臨床結(jié)局預(yù)測(cè)方面各有所長(zhǎng),例如APACHE-Ⅱ評(píng)分在預(yù)測(cè)SAP病人死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面的準(zhǔn)確性相對(duì)較高[12-13],而日本嚴(yán)重程度評(píng)分在預(yù)測(cè)AP病人疾病嚴(yán)重程度方面的可靠性相對(duì)較好[14]。由于不同評(píng)價(jià)方法的優(yōu)勢(shì)偏差,導(dǎo)致其臨床應(yīng)用受到制約,因此,臨床迫切需要一種在疾病嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后預(yù)測(cè)方面的準(zhǔn)確性均相對(duì)可靠的評(píng)價(jià)方法。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,在AP疾病嚴(yán)重程度預(yù)測(cè)方面:Ranson評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)SAP的敏感性和特異性分別為61.16%和66.52%,Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)SAP的敏感性和特異性分別為44.40%和77.32%,兩者預(yù)測(cè)SAP的AUC分別為0.69和0.67,組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);而在AP病人住院期間死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)方面,Ranson評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的敏感性和特異性分別為75.00%和63.55%,Glasgow評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的敏感性和特異性分別為62.53%和75.26%,而兩者預(yù)測(cè)AP病人住院期間死亡的AUC分別為0.85和0.66,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)?;谶@一結(jié)果,我們認(rèn)為Ranson評(píng)分在AP病人疾病嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后判斷方面較Glasgow評(píng)分具有更高的穩(wěn)定性和可信度。
分析其原因,可能在于與其他評(píng)分方法相比,Ranson評(píng)分所涉及的指標(biāo)涵蓋范圍更廣,包括了病人基礎(chǔ)狀況、生命體征變化、內(nèi)環(huán)境變化、血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及生化指標(biāo)等。而本次研究的Glasgow評(píng)分,比較突出的不足是缺少了對(duì)病人動(dòng)脈血氧飽和度的觀察,而血氧飽和度的變化對(duì)機(jī)體的代謝過(guò)程有著重要影響,血氧飽和度不足所致的低氧血癥和酸中毒,一定程度上加劇了AP病人的炎癥反應(yīng)嚴(yán)重程度;與此同時(shí),Glasgow評(píng)分指標(biāo)之一是病人血白蛋白水平,而其早期可靠性受到質(zhì)疑,因白蛋白的半衰期約為18 d左右,而本組病人的納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為自發(fā)病至入院不超過(guò)72 h,因此,病人的早期病理生理變化很難通過(guò)Glasgow評(píng)分得到及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確的反映,這無(wú)疑大大削弱了其在AP病人疾病嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后判斷上的準(zhǔn)確性。
綜上所述,我們認(rèn)為,Ranson評(píng)分系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)指標(biāo),其涵蓋的范圍相對(duì)更廣,指標(biāo)的科學(xué)性更為可靠,在AP病人疾病嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后判斷方面的準(zhǔn)確性相對(duì)較高,與Glasgow等評(píng)分方法相比,可能具有更大的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值,然限于單中心、回顧性研究,本研究結(jié)果的可靠性和外延性仍需多中心、前瞻性研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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A comparative analysis of the predictive value difference between Ranson score and Glasgow score on disease severity and prognosis for acute pancreatitis
ZhangYang,YangYan,CaoJun.
DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,WuhanGeneralHospitaloftheGuangzhouCommand,Wuhan430070,China
Correspondingauthor:CaoJun,Email:728076459@qq.com
Objective To analyze the predictive value difference between Ranson score and Glasgow score on disease severity and prognosis for acute pancreatitis.Methods The clinical data of 230 patients with acute pancreatitis and admitted into our department from July 2014 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group according to the China guideline of diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis (2007).Each patient was scored according to the scoring system of Ranson and Glasgow score system.The difference in general characteristics,Ranson score and Glasgow score was compared,and methods of ROC curve were used to analyze the predictive value difference between Ranson score and Glasgow score on disease severity and prognosis for acute pancreatitis.Results There was no significance difference in general characteristics between two groups.As compared with MAP group,Ranson score and Glasgow score in SAP group were significantly increased (P<0.05 for both).The sensitivity and specificity of Ranson score on predicting severity of AP were 61.16% and 66.52% respectively,those Glasgow score were 44.40% and 77.32% respectively,and the area under curve (AUC) for predicting severity of AP was 0.69 and 0.69 respectively.There was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of Ranson score on predicting the deaths of AP patients during hospitalization were 75.00% and 63.55% respectively,those of Glasgow score were 62.53% and 75.26% respectively,and the area under curve (AUC) of Ranson score and Glasgow score for predicting deaths during hospitalization was 0.85 and 0.66,respectively.There were significant differences between two groups (P<0.05).Conclusions As compared with Glasgow score,Ranson score enjoys a higher stability and reliability on predicting disease severity and prognosis for acute pancreatitis.
Ranson score; Glasgow score; Acute pancreatitis; Prognosis; Prediction
·論 著·(重癥急性胰腺炎專題)
430070 武漢,廣州軍區(qū)武漢總醫(yī)院普通外科(張楊、曹鈞);湖北省婦幼保健院兒童血液科(楊琰)
曹鈞,Email:728076459@qq.com
R657.5+1
A [DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5591.2016.06.008
孫備,蘇維宏.急性胰腺炎診治的現(xiàn)狀與進(jìn)展.臨床外科雜志,2015,23:168.
0.3969/j.issn. 1005-6483.2015.03.003.
2016-08-27)