田燕妮
摘要:在教學(xué)中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一小部分學(xué)生,整天背誦單詞,但成績難以提升。筆者課后和學(xué)生交流、討論,發(fā)現(xiàn)英語運用能力的“瓶頸”除了詞匯量積累外,就是句子結(jié)構(gòu)不清楚,語法難以掌握。于是,筆者把簡單句句型進行講解、訓(xùn)練,收到的效果甚佳?,F(xiàn)將自己平時的教法歸納成文,旨在與同行交流。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語教學(xué);基本句型解讀;高考鏈接
中圖分類號:G632.0 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2016)03-0091
一、五種基本句型
1. (1)S + vi ,vi(不及物動詞)后不可以直跟賓語。常見的動詞如:arrive, come, live, exist, rise, appear, apologize, happen, work 等。
e.g. The accident happened to the poor old woman yesterday .
e.g. I must apologize for not being able to meet you.
(2)一些Vt.轉(zhuǎn)化為Vi,常用主動表被動。如:wash, sell, lock, wear, write, read等。
e.g. This sweater washes well.
2. S+vt+O,vt(及物動詞)后直接接賓語,其賓語常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。常見動詞有:enjoy, explain, invent, guess, raise, use, accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, celebrate, discover, educate, equip, supply等。
e.g. I admire him for his success in business.
3. S+V+P,此句型中的動詞為Link.Veb,用來表示主語的特點、身份等。其系動詞一般分為兩類:
(1)表狀態(tài)的連系動詞,如:be, look, seem, smell, taste, stand, keep, remain, continue, stay等。
e.g. The soup tastes salty.
(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的聯(lián)系動詞。如:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall, prove等。
e.g. The milk went sour.
4. S+V+OI+OD,OI為間接賓語,是主語接受的對象或行為施予的對象,多由指“sb.”的名詞或代詞承擔。OD為直接賓語,是給予的對象,由表示“sth.”的名詞來充當。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動詞:
(1)可改為“to”型的句式:常見的動詞有:bring, give, pass, hand, offer, pay, post, promise, return, send, serve, show, teach, tell等。
e.g. She promised a nice gift to me on Christmas Day.
(2)可改為“for”型的句式:常見的動詞有:buy, choose, make等。
e.g. My father bought a new bike for me on my birthday.
5. S+V+O+C,這種句型中的“賓語+賓補”通稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用是補充,說明賓語的特點、身份等;或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔任補語的常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。
e.g. Keep the children quiet, please. e.g. I find him a reliable man.
e.g. The boss made him do the work all day. e.g. I have my hair cut.
e.g. We last saw the boy playing near the river bank.
e.g. I always keep my keys in my pocket.
下列動詞在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to的動詞不定式做補足語,但是,在被動語態(tài)中要加to,它們是:“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”——五看(watch,see, notice, look at, observe),三使( have,let,make );二聽(hear, listen to );一感覺(feel)。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(主語)補足語。
(除let, make),都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(主語)補足語,此外find,catch,keep,leave,也可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(主語)補足語。如:
e.g. I hate to see you leave so soon.
e.g. Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
e.g. At that time, I found him crying in the street.
(1)感官動詞see, watch ,observe, look at 等詞賓語補足語的形式:
e.g. I heard her sing an English song just now.
e.g. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.