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苦丁茶不同產(chǎn)地及采收部位抗菌活性成分研究*
0引言
【研究意義】近年來(lái),由于具有極佳的藥用功效和較高的飲用價(jià)值,苦丁茶成為僅次于茶葉在我國(guó)廣泛應(yīng)用的代茶飲品?!吨腥A本草》上記載,苦丁茶冬青(Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng)屬于正品苦丁茶的一種?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】苦丁茶因含有多糖類、三萜類、黃酮類、皂苷類等多種成分而被廣泛應(yīng)用[1]。研究表明[2-8],苦丁茶水提液能夠促進(jìn)腦循環(huán)、調(diào)整腦血管功能,具有降血壓、降血脂以及抗炎抗菌等作用,并在臨床上得到驗(yàn)證?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】以不同產(chǎn)地及加工與未加工的苦丁茶葉子為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其進(jìn)行體外抑菌試驗(yàn),并與所含主要活性成分黃酮類、三萜類等含量相比較,建立相關(guān)性模型?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問題】?jī)?yōu)選出最佳采摘時(shí)期與采摘部位,為苦丁茶商品工業(yè)化采摘提供參考。
1材料與方法
1.1樣品
槲皮素(批號(hào):100081-200406),山奈素(批號(hào):110861-200405),熊果酸(批號(hào):110742-200518),齊墩果酸(批號(hào):110709-200505)均購(gòu)于中國(guó)藥品生物制品檢定所。
大腸桿菌(ATCC44102),金黃色葡萄球菌(ATCC26003),綠膿桿菌(ATCC27583)購(gòu)自美國(guó)模式培養(yǎng)物集存庫(kù)(American Type Culture Collection)。
不同產(chǎn)地樣品:2011年7月至2012年8月采摘自不同產(chǎn)地的各種栽培及野生苦丁茶見表1,經(jīng)鑒定為冬青科冬青屬苦丁茶冬青(Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng),采回后晾干,粉碎,備用。
表1不同產(chǎn)地的苦丁茶樣品
Table 1Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng samples from different localities
No.產(chǎn)地Locality采集時(shí)間Time備注RemarksNo.產(chǎn)地Locality采集時(shí)間Time備注Remarks1廣西天等縣都康鄉(xiāng)Dukangvillage,Tiandengcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20110712栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves9廣西上林縣寨鹿村Zailuvillage,Shanglincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111224栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves2廣西天等天茗茶廠TeafactoryofTiandengcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20110713栽培,嫩芽Cultivation,burgeon10廣西大新苦丁村1Kudingvillage,Daxincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20110713栽培,嫩芽Cultivation,burgeon3廣西天等縣仕民村Shiminvillage,Tiandengcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20120328栽培,嫩芽Cultivation,burgeon11廣西大新苦丁村2Kudingvillage,Daxincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20110713栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves4廣西武鳴羅波鎮(zhèn)1Luobovillage,Wumingcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20120329栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves12廣西大新苦丁村3Kudingvillage,Daxincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20120329栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves5廣西武鳴羅波鎮(zhèn)2Luobovillage,Wumingcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111221野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves13廣西大新苦丁村4Kudingvillage,Daxincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111221栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves6廣西武鳴羅波鎮(zhèn)3Luobovillage,Wumingcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111221野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves14廣西馬山古零鎮(zhèn)1Gulingvillage,Mashancountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves7廣西上林縣北梁村Beiliangvillage,Shanglincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves15廣西馬山古零鎮(zhèn)2Gulingvillage,Mashancountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves8廣西上林縣排岜村Paiyivillage,Shanglincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves16廣西馬山古零鎮(zhèn)Gulingvillage,Mashancountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222商品,嫩芽Merchandise,bur-geon
續(xù)表1
Continue table 1
No.產(chǎn)地Locality采集時(shí)間Time備注RemarksNo.產(chǎn)地Locality采集時(shí)間Time備注Remarks17廣西馬山里民村Liminvillage,Mashancountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111223野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves33廣東梅州大麻鎮(zhèn)5Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves18廣西崇左龍州縣1Longzhouvillage,Chong-zuocountry,Guangxiprovince20120313栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves34廣東梅州大麻鎮(zhèn)Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210商品,嫩芽Merchandise,bur-geon19廣西崇左龍州縣2Longzhouvillage,Chong-zuocountry,Guangxiprovince20120313栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves35廣東梅州市銀江鎮(zhèn)Yinjiangvillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves20廣西崇左龍州縣3Longzhouvillage,Chong-zuocountry,Guangxiprovince20120313栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves36廣東清遠(yuǎn)市石譚鎮(zhèn)1Shitanvillage,Qingyuancountry,Guangdongprovince20120211野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves21廣西崇左龍州縣4Longzhouvillage,Chong-zuocountry,Guangxiprovince20120313栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves37廣東清遠(yuǎn)市石譚鎮(zhèn)2Shitanvillage,Qingyuancountry,Guangdongprovince20120211野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves22廣西賓陽(yáng)縣平安村Ping’anvillage,Binyangcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111223野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves38廣東清遠(yuǎn)市石譚鎮(zhèn)Shitanvillage,Qingyuancountry,Guangdongprovince20120211栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves23廣西賓陽(yáng)縣貴龍村Guilongvillage,Binyangcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111224野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves39海南五指山水滿鄉(xiāng)Shuimanvillage,Wuzhis-hancountry,Hainanprovince20120826栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves24廣西賓陽(yáng)縣貴龍村2Guilongvillage,Binyangcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111224野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves40海南五指山暢好鄉(xiāng)1Changhaovillage,Wuzh-ishancountry,Hainanprovince20120826栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves25廣東英德市新聯(lián)村1Xinlianvillage,Yingdecountry,Guangdongprovince20120212栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves41海南五指山暢好鄉(xiāng)2Changhaovillage,Wuzh-ishancountry,Hainanprovince20120826栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves26廣東英德市新聯(lián)村2Xinlianvillage,Yingdecountry,Guangdongprovince20120212栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves42海南保亭茶廠醫(yī)院Teafactoryhospital,Baotingcountry,Hainanprovince20120825栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves27廣東英德市新聯(lián)村3Xinlianvillage,Yingdecountry,Guangdongprovince20120212栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves43海南保亭縣番奮村1Fanyuvillage,Baotingcountry,Hainanprovince20120825栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves28廣東英德市新聯(lián)村4Xinlianvillage,Yingdecountry,Guangdongprovince20120212栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves44海南保亭縣番奮村2Fanyuvillage,Baotingcountry,Hainanprovince20120825栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves29廣東梅州大麻鎮(zhèn)1Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves45海南??诟俘堗l(xiāng)Bulongvillage,Haikoucountry,Hainanprovince20120827野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves30廣東梅州大麻鎮(zhèn)2Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves46海南??诖虬侧l(xiāng)Da’anvillage,Haikoucountry,Hainanprovince20120827野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves31廣東梅州大麻鎮(zhèn)3Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves47海南??谇嗨舌l(xiāng)1Qingshongvillage,Haik-oucountry,Hainanprov-ince20120827野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves32廣東梅州大麻鎮(zhèn)4Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟葉Cultivation,oldleaves48海南海口青松鄉(xiāng)2Qingshongvillage,Haik-oucountry,Hainanprov-ince20120827野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves49海南??谇嗨舌l(xiāng)3Qingshongvillage,Haik-oucountry,Hainanprov-ince20120827野生,成熟葉Wild,oldleaves
注:嫩芽為新長(zhǎng)出的葉子,成熟葉為嫩葉之外的葉子
Note:Bud’s new leaf,old leaves are all leaves except for the bud
1.2試劑
濃硫酸(廉江市愛廉化試劑有限公司),分析純;苯酚(天津市凱通化學(xué)試劑有限公司),分析純;葡萄糖(國(guó)藥集團(tuán)化學(xué)試劑有限公司),分析純;超純水(本實(shí)驗(yàn)室自制);甲醇(Fisher公司),色譜純;乙腈(Fisher公司),色譜純;MH瓊脂培養(yǎng)基(廣東環(huán)凱公司);MH肉湯(廣東環(huán)凱公司);營(yíng)養(yǎng)肉湯(廣東環(huán)凱公司);磷酸(天津科密歐化學(xué)試劑),色譜純。
1.3儀器
BS224S型電子天平(北京賽多利斯儀器系統(tǒng)有限公司);戴安U3000高效液相儀(包括四元泵、自動(dòng)進(jìn)樣器、紫外可見檢測(cè)器、柱溫箱、變色龍工作站);Agilent HC-C18(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)柱;HH-8型數(shù)顯恒溫水浴鍋(國(guó)華電器有限公司);TU-1901型雙光束紫外可見分光光度計(jì)(北京普析通用儀器有限責(zé)任公司);OKP-S010型實(shí)驗(yàn)室超純水儀(上海淶科實(shí)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司);RE-52AA型旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(上海亞榮生化儀器廠);SHB-B型循環(huán)水式真空泵(鄭州長(zhǎng)城科工貿(mào)有限公司)。
1.4方法
1.4.1苦丁茶水提物的提取
參照文獻(xiàn)[9],稱取苦丁茶粉末各5 g,加入300 mL超純水,在98℃下回流提取2.15 h,重復(fù)提取3次,趁熱過(guò)濾,合并濾液濃縮,水定容至10 mL容量瓶中,4℃下保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.4.2體外抑菌試驗(yàn)
參照文獻(xiàn)[10],采用杯碟法測(cè)定苦丁茶水提物對(duì)大腸桿菌Escherichia coli、金黃色葡萄球菌Stophylococcus aureus及綠膿桿菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa的抑菌活性,每份平行3個(gè)牛津杯,得到其抑菌圈,結(jié)果取平均值。
1.4.35種活性成分的測(cè)定
1.4.3.1HPLC法測(cè)定槲皮素和山萘酚含量
進(jìn)樣前處理:將甲醇-苦丁茶水提物(0.6∶0.4,V∶V)超聲萃取1 h,離心除去沉淀;加入0.25 mL 25% HCl(V∶V)溶液后80℃水浴酸化1 h,離心除去沉淀,0.22 μm微孔濾膜過(guò)濾,備用。含量測(cè)定采用Agilent HC-C18,以甲醇-0.03%磷酸溶液(70∶30,V∶V)為流動(dòng)相,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)370 nm,流速0.6 mL/min,柱溫35℃,進(jìn)樣量10 μL。
1.4.3.2HPLC法測(cè)定熊果酸和齊墩果酸含量
進(jìn)樣前處理:將甲醇-苦丁茶水提物(0.7∶0.3,V∶V)超聲萃取1 h,離心除去沉淀,0.22 μm微孔濾膜過(guò)濾,備用。含量測(cè)定采用Agilent HC-C18柱,以甲醇-0.03%磷酸溶液(90∶10,V∶V)為流動(dòng)相,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)220 nm,流速0.5 mL/min,柱溫35℃,進(jìn)樣量10 μL。
1.4.3.3苯酚-硫酸法測(cè)定多糖含量
采用文獻(xiàn)[11]的方法,將苦丁茶水提物稀釋至一定的倍數(shù),利用水提物中的多糖與硫酸、苯酚的顯色反應(yīng),采用雙光束紫外可見分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)其吸光度,代入葡萄糖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線中,換算出多糖含量。
1.4.4線性考察
1.4.4.1槲皮素和山萘酚的線性考察
精密稱取槲皮素3.25 mg,甲醇定容至100 mL容量瓶中;山萘酚4.7 mg,甲醇定容至10 mL容量瓶中;然后分別吸取適量溶液,甲醇定容至10 mL,得到濃度依次為0.401 μg/mL、1.204 μg/mL、3.611 μg/mL、10.833 μg/mL、32.5 μg/mL(槲皮素);0.02937 mg/mL、0.05875 mg/mL、0.1175 mg/mL、0.235 mg/mL、0.47 mg/mL(山萘酚)的樣品。0.22 μm濾膜過(guò)濾后進(jìn)樣,得到相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線算出樣品中槲皮素和山萘酚的濃度。
1.4.4.2熊果酸和齊墩果酸的線性考察
精密稱取熊果酸3.69 mg、齊墩果酸4.5 mg,甲醇分別定容至100 mL容量瓶中;然后分別吸取適量溶液,甲醇定容至10 mL,得到濃度依次為0.452 μg/mL、1.367 μg/mL、4.1 μg/mL、12.3 μg/mL、36.9 μg/mL(熊果酸);0.557 μg/mL、1.67 μg/mL、5 μg/mL、15 μg/mL、45 μg/mL(齊墩果酸)的樣品。0.22 μm濾膜過(guò)濾后進(jìn)樣,得到相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線算出樣品中熊果酸和齊墩果酸的濃度。
1.4.4.3多糖的線性考察
精密稱取無(wú)水葡萄糖20.03 mg,蒸餾水定容至100 mL,再精密吸取10.00 mL定容至50 mL容量瓶中,得到40.06 μg/mL的葡萄糖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液。吸取0.4 mL,0.6 mL,0.8 mL,1.0 mL,1.2 mL,1.4 mL,1.6 mL,1.8 mL于試管中,并用水補(bǔ)足至2.0 mL,分別加入1 mL 6%苯酚溶液及5.0 mL濃硫酸,待各管加完后搖勻,室溫靜置30 min,482 nm測(cè)吸光度,再精密吸取2.0 mL蒸餾水,同法操作,作空白對(duì)照。以吸光度為縱坐標(biāo)(y),葡萄糖濃度為橫坐標(biāo)(x),繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線換算出樣品中多糖的濃度。
1.4.5活性成分的含量計(jì)算
濃度換算公式如下:
式中,C:樣品中各成分的含量,μg/g;C1:已稀釋樣品中各成分濃度,μg/mL;N:樣品稀釋倍數(shù);C2:樣品生藥濃度,g/mL。
2結(jié)果與分析
2.1苦丁茶水提物體外抑菌效果
如表2所示,不同產(chǎn)地總體抗菌強(qiáng)弱為廣西>廣東>海南;所研究地區(qū)的苦丁茶對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌作用最強(qiáng),大腸桿菌最弱;廣西產(chǎn)地中屬大新縣樣品抗菌效果最好,其次為馬山、崇左;廣東產(chǎn)地中,清遠(yuǎn)市樣品比其他采集點(diǎn)抗菌活性相對(duì)較強(qiáng);海南產(chǎn)地抗菌活性均很弱??赡茉蚴呛D蠚鉁叵鄬?duì)較高,活性成分消耗過(guò)多,而廣西、廣東氣候溫和,適宜苦丁茶合成有效成分。加工品與未加工品抗菌活性比較中,同一來(lái)源的14號(hào)、15號(hào)、16號(hào)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,16號(hào)的加工品抗菌活性明顯比未加工的藥材高出一倍;來(lái)自廣東梅州的34號(hào)商品與29,30號(hào)未加工品比較,加工品抗菌活性較強(qiáng)。商品是采摘嫩芽并經(jīng)過(guò)一定的工藝加工而成的,抗菌結(jié)果表明,傳統(tǒng)加工商品茶葉抗菌活性最強(qiáng),具有一定的傳承意義。
2.2苦丁茶水提物的活性成分含量
槲皮素和山萘酚的回歸方程分別為Y=0.4776X+1.410,R2=0.9996;Y=0.9249X+851.9,R2=0.9992;熊果酸和齊墩果酸的回歸方程分別為Y=0.0167X+0.071,R2=0.9994;Y=0.0926X+0.0585,R2=0.9995;多糖回歸方程為Y=0.01363X+0.01398,R2=0.9979,將所測(cè)得的含量換算成質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),結(jié)果如表3。
表2不同產(chǎn)地苦丁茶水提物對(duì)3種菌株的抑菌圈直徑
Table 2The diameter of the inhibition zone of samples from diffenent localities
No.抑菌圈直徑Diameter(mm)E.coliS.aureusP.aeruginosaNo.抑菌圈直徑Diameter(mm)E.coliS.aureusP.aeruginosa113.23±1.1232.15±1.7011.41±1.632511.02±1.8028.99±1.7614.29±1.22212.62±2.3425.22±2.357.20±1.752614.23±1.6631.16±1.4415.20±2.54319.30±2.4745.28±1.7531.03±2.692722.90±2.1038.21±1.7223.68±1.46414.69±3.2939.71±1.0123.71±1.202810.00±1.7821.12±2.146.00±1.49514.46±2.0636.50±1.1922.32±2.862910.36±3.7229.41±0.8614.39±1.24613.85±1.4633.21±2.0819.91±0.433012.44±2.2330.46±0.2113.22±2.30712.32±1.2826.75±3.047.38±1.993119.41±2.7532.71±1.3111.10±2.47813.70±1.0325.29±1.1413.73±2.383215.19±1.3532.50±1.0116.28±1.80917.22±1.4030.27±1.2611.40±1.663316.86±2.0327.87±1.587.18±1.461023.80±1.8729.88±2.9716.73±2.613428.07±2.0745.90±0.9926.17±1.551122.62±2.3023.72±1.4612.95±4.543521.70±3.6833.79±2.3120.02±1.721224.27±1.1343.86±1.4125.95±1.173627.86±1.4142.50±2.3421.85±2.62138.01±1.7922.75±2.160.00±0.003714.26±2.8334.53±2.8915.51±1.771413.23±1.5927.76±1.3716.02±1.283817.47±2.1036.12±2.3316.55±1.431517.06±2.1733.05±0.5216.67±3.253910.40±1.8032.62±2.5118.92±1.351625.16±1.6641.07±2.0424.81±2.114016.23±1.8734.80±1.9620.67±1.301722.24±1.9931.22±2.8311.76±1.484115.48±1.7528.57±1.6123.54±1.881811.58±1.4722.79±2.008.01±1.62427.80±2.4432.39±3.2517.90±1.491917.06±2.1134.99±1.1717.55±1.904311.50±2.1439.25±1.7617.31±1.412013.39±2.2630.68±3.5513.60±1.124412.82±2.7231.04±2.7821.41±1.912120.08±1.3536.64±3.0324.65±1.62459.36±2.2516.87±2.430.00±0.002214.06±2.4727.09±2.2615.82±2.09460.00±0.0033.68±2.3623.09±1.762317.10±2.6233.85±1.3114.70±1.254716.08±2.2632.13±2.1616.08±1.472411.31±1.4825.06±2.4214.31±3.794814.41±1.2032.23±0.6716.56±1.384914.19±1.6122.12±2.746.00±0.00
注:表中產(chǎn)地與表1產(chǎn)地相對(duì)應(yīng)
Note:The localities correspond to table 1
表3不同產(chǎn)地苦丁茶水提物的5種活性成分含量
Table 3The content of five active ingredients in different localities
No.槲皮素Quertetin(μg/g)山萘酚Kaempferol(μg/g)熊果酸Ursolicacid(μg/g)齊墩果酸Oleanolicacid(μg/g)多糖Polysaccharides(mg/g)1456.56±5.271637.19±11.6173.67±5.211.50±0.1150.94±6.782191.88±1.54982.18±9.89188.33±6.528.33±0.6961.33±9.523282.19±0.52563.75±7.6617.33±2.540.081±0.0093.62±3.414528.44±1.082117.18±22.70184.33±8.922.43±0.1747.93±5.23
續(xù)表3
Continue table 3
No.槲皮素Quertetin(μg/g)山萘酚Kaempferol(μg/g)熊果酸Ursolicacid(μg/g)齊墩果酸Oleanolicacid(μg/g)多糖Polysaccharides(mg/g)551.25±3.47400.00±20.6384.67±5.530.069±0.0061.55±4.99615.00±1.08162.81±14.2380.33±7.390.050±0.0047.01±5.53765.31±4.78462.19±15.62163.00±14.040.212±0.0145.02±8.92891.56±2.73248.13±7.78162.67±10.180.18±0.0360.28±7.78937.81±4.50283.75±1.92386.00±10.1678.00±8.4954.61±8.0510325.31±5.12520.63±14.85297.33±9.8257.67±7.1786.49±1.8411115.00±4.37311.88±4.47468.00±13.1178.33±5.9699.60±2.7512956.25±10.302285.00±10.89287.00±17.4928.33±1.4179.22±10.111316.88±2.68169.69±4.00272.33±9.7527.67±2.3463.79±8.451435.31±1.3572.81±4.32139.00±8.8671.33±4.5553.65±12.111591.88±0.49361.25±6.27174.00±13.350.27±0.0657.66±4.98161366.25±5.17250.63±6.08291.67±11.7458.00±9.36132.80±2.941754.69±0.90174.69±10.24213.33±21.4218.33±1.9853.70±4.541825.94±2.57328.13±5.56150.00±6.035.00±0.3753.94±10.011913.75±1.73177.50±4.2435.67±5.190.061±0.0045.67±5.68206.56±0.1975.31±1.39201.00±18.194.33±0.1949.46±3.95218.75±2.01253.13±5.1753.00±8.240.12±0.0054.27±4.492230.00±3.00113.75±5.96111.67±11.890.16±0.00168.13±8.642318.44±1.18183.13±2.12125.00±7.930.18±0.00351.58±9.422437.19±3.23268.44±1.80451.67±12.7374.67±7.8875.81±6.2325408.44±5.151683.44±12.40105.33±13.730.112±0.00155.44±7.1326134.38±2.27745.31±1.71215.33±16.782.53±0.0939.23±6.10271103.75±4.063931.87±7.11178.67±12.520.23±0.0263.12±5.222878.75±7.39206.88±5.65121.67±6.450.26±0.0655.78±10.6429164.69±4.19709.69±5.42606.33±20.1692.33±10.0359.73±8.933070.94±2.60258.44±10.95606.00±18.82113.67±9.5238.35±2.783128.44±1.54705.94±8.66396.33±16.3142.67±4.5048.67±5.6632126.88±13.07713.75±21.67263.33±3.9913.33±2.7661.62±10.3433130.93±4.01780.63±11.98457.67±10.9555.67±6.6622.30±11.0434959.06±4.33313.13±7.141363.67±15.64444.33±13.21110.91±3.2235483.13±6.591276.56±5.34246.33±9.3723.67±2.2444.99±8.4336575.94±13.893200.63±15.80420.00±14.2236.33±3.4268.49±8.53372.50±0.1184.69±1.55112.33±5.740.15±0.0150.53±4.693848.13±1.02294.06±2.04226.00±10.048.67±1.0952.27±13.043994.06±1.12490.00±9.90191.33±6.395.67±0.7545.26±8.054031.56±2.52143.44±9.32334.67±10.2927.00±2.6749.36±6.94416.56±0.5593.43±7.37328.00±14.2332.33±6.8744.78±8.854283.75±1.64348.12±12.35365.00±9.8435.00±1.0566.17±9.514328.75±0.61108.13±3.88474.00±13.36100.00±11.5146.62±10.654420.00±1.21170.00±2.08521.33±15.7192.33±7.4260.52±12.07450.281±0.08158.75±2.7386.00±8.170.67±0.0528.64±9.07460.281±0.0811.25±0.2162.33±7.390.119±0.0225.87±4.524715.31±2.9157.81±0.75445.33±13.5562.00±5.8353.94±8.63485.94±3.1236.56±1.1087.33±7.680.132±0.00151.51±6.99495.63±1.1988.75±1.63199.00±8.590.247±0.0121.29±5.75
從表3中看出,不同的采摘時(shí)間,其成分含量均不相同,以廣西天等為例,3月份樣品中多糖和槲皮素的含量較高,而7月份樣品中熊果酸與齊墩果酸的含量較高。從整體地域來(lái)分類,廣西樣品的多糖含量大于廣東產(chǎn)地與海南產(chǎn)地;其他成分含量則是廣東樣品較高。同一產(chǎn)地的不同采集點(diǎn)也不相同,在廣西產(chǎn)地中,大新采集點(diǎn)的多糖、槲皮素、熊果酸和齊墩果酸的含量均比其他采集點(diǎn)高。不同部位中,商品的多糖、槲皮素、熊果酸的含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于未加工的嫩葉及成熟葉,說(shuō)明加工后的嫩芽商品具有更高的藥用價(jià)值。
2.3抗菌活性與有效成分的相關(guān)性分析
采用SPSS17.0軟件將不同產(chǎn)地苦丁茶樣品對(duì)3種細(xì)菌的抗菌活性與多糖、槲皮素、山萘酚、熊果酸及齊墩果酸進(jìn)行雙變量相關(guān)分析,結(jié)果見表4。
表4不同產(chǎn)地苦丁茶活性成分含量與其抑菌作用的相關(guān)性
Table 4The correlation between the content of five active ingredients and bacteriostatic effect in different localities
活性成分Activeingredient抑菌圈直徑Diameter(mm)E.coliS.aureusP.aeruginosa多糖(Polysaccharides)0.857++0.688++0.847++槲皮素(Quertetin)0.653++0.897++0.633++山萘酚(Kaempferol)0.0890.3240.075熊果酸(Ursolicacid)0.899++0.967++0.858++齊墩果酸(Oleanolicacid)0.664++0.922++0.629++
注:++,在0.01水平上顯著相關(guān)
Note:++,Significant at the 0.01 level
結(jié)果顯示,多糖、槲皮素、熊果酸和齊墩果酸對(duì)大腸桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、綠膿桿菌均呈顯著性相關(guān),山萘酚抗菌活性不顯著。其中,對(duì)大腸桿菌的抑菌活性強(qiáng)弱順序?yàn)樾芄?多糖>齊墩果酸>槲皮素;對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌抑菌強(qiáng)弱為熊果酸>齊墩果酸>槲皮素>多糖>山萘酚;對(duì)綠膿桿菌抑菌強(qiáng)弱為熊果酸>多糖>槲皮素>齊墩果酸。槲皮素、多糖、熊果酸和齊墩果酸是苦丁茶的活性成分,并對(duì)革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌、革蘭氏陰性菌具有一定的抑菌作用
3結(jié)論
由于氣候、地域、采摘部位、是否加工等原因,不同苦丁茶樣品的抗菌藥效與活性成分含量均有一定的差異。槲皮素、多糖、熊果酸和齊墩果酸是苦丁茶的活性成分,并對(duì)革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌、革蘭氏陰性菌具有一定的抑菌作用,與文獻(xiàn)[12-14]中單個(gè)成分抑菌結(jié)果相一致。
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(責(zé)任編輯:米慧芝)
Antimicrobial Activity and Ingredients of Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng Collected from Different Localities and Parts
黃敏桃1,2,吳尤嬌2,蔡鵑3,黃云峰4,賴茂祥4,黃庶識(shí)2**,劉華鋼5**
HUANG Mintao1,2,WU Youjiao2,CAI Juan3,HUANG Yunfeng4,LAI Maoxiang4,HUANG Shushi2,LIU Huagang5
(1.廣西生態(tài)工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院,廣西柳州545004;2.廣西科學(xué)院生物物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣西南寧530007;3.江西省贛州衛(wèi)生學(xué)校,江西贛州341000;4.廣西中醫(yī)藥研究院,廣西南寧530022;5.廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué),廣西南寧530021)
(1.Guangxi Eco-engineering Vocational and Technical College,Liuzhou,Guangxi,545004,China;2.Lab of Biophysics,Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China;3.Health School of Ganzhou in Jiangxi Province,Ganzhou,Jiangxi,341000,China;4.Guangxi institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science,Nanning,Guangxi,530022,China;5.Guangxi Medical University,Nanning,Guangxi,530021,China)
摘要:【目的】研究不同產(chǎn)地及采收部位的苦丁茶抗菌活性及其與5種活性成分之間的相關(guān)性,為苦丁茶商品化采摘提供參考?!痉椒ā窟x用不同產(chǎn)地的、加工及未加工的苦丁茶葉子,采用熱水提取苦丁茶;使用杯碟法測(cè)定苦丁茶水提物的抑菌活性;經(jīng)高效液相色譜法同時(shí)測(cè)定苦丁茶中槲皮素、山萘酚、熊果酸、齊墩果酸的含量,苯酚-硫酸法測(cè)定其多糖含量;采用SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件將測(cè)得的5種活性成分的含量與抑菌活性進(jìn)行雙變量相關(guān)性研究?!窘Y(jié)果】不同產(chǎn)地苦丁茶水提物的總體抗菌強(qiáng)弱為廣西>廣東>海南,且對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌的作用最強(qiáng),大腸桿菌最弱;加工的>未加工的。除山萘酚外,其余4種成分與3種細(xì)菌均呈顯著性相關(guān)(R<0.01)?!窘Y(jié)論】不同苦丁茶樣品的抗菌活性與活性成分含量均有一定的差異;苦丁茶水提物中槲皮素、多糖、熊果酸、齊墩果酸與抑菌活性有顯著相關(guān)性。
關(guān)鍵詞:苦丁茶抗菌活性成分相關(guān)性
Abstract:【Objective】The correlation between five elements and antimicrobial activity was studied in Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng collected from different localities and parts,in order to provide references for the commercialization of tea picking.【Methods】 Cylinder plate method was used to determine the effect of bacteriostasis from Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng after extraction by hot water.The contents of quertetin,kaempferol,ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were simultaneously determined with HPLC method,and the content of polysaccharides was determined by means of phenylhydrate-sulfuric acid method.Then bivariate analysis was applied to the correlation between five elements and antimicrobial activity by SPSS.【Results】The order of antibacterial activity from Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng was ranked as:Guangxi>Guangdong>Hainan for the locality,Staphylococcus aureus>Pseudomonas aeruginosa>Escherichia coli for bacterial species, and processed goods>buds>mature leaves for the parts.Except for kaempferol,the rest 4 elements had a significant correlation with antimicrobial activity(R<0.01).【Conclusion】Different tea samples have different antimicrobial activity and different content of active ingredients,among them quertetin,polysaccharides,ursolic acid and oleanolic acid possess a significant correlation with the antimicrobial activity.
Key words:Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng,antimicrobial activity,elements,correlation
中圖分類號(hào):R285.5
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1005-9164(2016)01-0072-07
作者簡(jiǎn)介:黃敏桃(1987-),女,碩士研究生,助教,主要從事中藥質(zhì)量控制方面的研究。
收稿日期:2015-09-24
修回日期:2015-11-17
*國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011BAI01B04)和廣西科學(xué)研究與技術(shù)開發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(0992003A-20,桂科重1298001-2-3,14124002-3)資助。
**通訊作者:黃庶識(shí)(1964-),男,研究員,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事中藥質(zhì)量控制研究,E-mail:hshushi@gxas.cn;劉華鋼(1956-),女,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事中藥質(zhì)量控制研究,
E-mail:lhg@gxfda.gov.cn。
廣西科學(xué)Guangxi Sciences 2016,23(1):72~78,85
網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)先數(shù)字出版時(shí)間:2016-01-06
網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)先數(shù)字出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1206.G3.20160106.1010.008.html