李 卉, 馬 敏, 咸淑悅, 王焱林
(武漢大學(xué)中南醫(yī)院 麻醉科, 湖北 武漢 430071)
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加蘭他敏對心肌缺血再灌注損傷大鼠血清CK-MB活性及TNF-α和IL-6水平的影響*
李卉, 馬敏, 咸淑悅, 王焱林**
(武漢大學(xué)中南醫(yī)院 麻醉科, 湖北 武漢430071)
[摘要]目的: 探討加蘭他敏對心肌缺血再灌注損傷(MIRI)大鼠血清肌酸激酶(CK-MB)活性和腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平的影響。方法: SPF級雄性SD大鼠50只,隨機(jī)均分為假手術(shù)組、心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)組、加蘭他敏組、聯(lián)合A組及聯(lián)合B組;在5組大鼠左冠狀動脈前降支(LAD)下穿線,假手術(shù)組穿線不結(jié)扎,其余4組大鼠穿線后結(jié)扎LAD 30 min后,再松開結(jié)扎線再灌注120 min,制作I/R模型,假手術(shù)組及I/R組造模前30 min靜脈注射生理鹽水(2 mL/kg),其余3組注射加蘭他敏(4 mg/kg),聯(lián)合A組在造模前45 min還注射阿托品(4 mg/kg)、聯(lián)合B組在造模前45 min還切斷兩側(cè)迷走神經(jīng);5組大鼠再灌注120 min后,測定大鼠血清CK-MB活性及TNF-α、IL-6水平,取心肌組織進(jìn)行HE染色,光鏡下觀察心肌結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果: 與假手術(shù)組比較,I/R組CK-MB活性、TNF-α及IL-6水平升高(P<0.05),提示造模成功;與I/R組比較,加蘭他敏組CK-MB活性、TNF-α和IL-6水平降低(P<0.05);與加蘭他敏組比較,聯(lián)合A組及聯(lián)合B組CK-MB活性、TNF-α和IL-6水平升高(P<0.05);400×光鏡視野下見假手術(shù)組心肌纖維排列整齊,I/R組心肌結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,可見細(xì)胞壞死和炎性細(xì)胞浸潤,加蘭他敏組心肌纖維排列較整齊,僅見水腫和少許炎性浸潤,聯(lián)合A組及聯(lián)合B組心肌細(xì)胞排列紊亂,心肌水腫,組織間隙有炎性細(xì)胞浸潤。結(jié)論: 加蘭他敏可能通過膽堿能抗炎通路減少炎性因子的產(chǎn)生,從而減輕心肌MIRI。
[關(guān)鍵詞]加蘭他敏; 心肌再灌注損傷; 膽堿能抗炎通路; 細(xì)胞因子
心肌缺血再灌注損傷( Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury,MIRI)是阻礙缺血心肌得到有效治療的難題。加蘭他敏是一種膽堿酯酶抑制劑,對膿毒癥有治療作用,其機(jī)制可能是作用于以迷走神經(jīng)及其遞質(zhì)乙酰膽堿為核心的膽堿能抗炎通路(Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway),從而產(chǎn)生抗炎效應(yīng)[1]。心肌缺血再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion, I/R)過程有典型的炎癥反應(yīng)表現(xiàn)[2],本研究探討加蘭他敏對心肌I/R過程中炎癥反應(yīng)的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1動物選擇、分組及處理
50只SPF級雄性SD大鼠,體質(zhì)量225~275 g(湖北省武漢大學(xué)動物實驗中心提供),隨機(jī)均分為假手術(shù)組、I/R組、加蘭他敏組、聯(lián)合A組及聯(lián)合B組。I/R組、加蘭他敏組、聯(lián)合A組及聯(lián)合B組均穿線結(jié)扎大鼠左冠狀動脈前降支(LAD)30 min后,松開結(jié)扎線再灌注120 min制作I/R模型,假手術(shù)組僅絲線從LAD下方穿過但不結(jié)扎;假手術(shù)組、I/R組在造模前30 min經(jīng)大鼠股靜脈緩慢注射生理鹽水(2 mL/kg),加蘭他敏組注射加蘭他敏(4 mg/kg),聯(lián)合A組和聯(lián)合B組按加蘭他敏組處理外,造模前45 min聯(lián)合A組給予阿托品4 mg/kg、聯(lián)合B組切斷雙側(cè)頸迷走神經(jīng)。
1.2制作I/R模型
SD大鼠稱重,以1%戊巴比妥鈉按50 mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉,將大鼠仰臥位固定于手術(shù)臺,頸前正中切口行氣管切開,插自制氣管導(dǎo)管,接DW-2000型動物人工呼吸機(jī)(上海嘉鵬科技有限公司)行機(jī)械通氣,潮氣量20 mL/kg,呼吸頻率60次/min。連續(xù)監(jiān)測大鼠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Ⅱ?qū)?lián)心電圖。股靜脈穿刺置管,用于給藥及補(bǔ)液。于大鼠胸骨左緣第3~4肋間開胸,暴露心臟,剪開心包膜,在LAD距左心耳下緣約2 mm處穿線,平衡15 min后,活結(jié)結(jié)扎阻斷LAD血流, 30 min后松開結(jié)扎線再灌注120 min。以結(jié)扎后心電圖ST段明顯上抬,結(jié)扎線遠(yuǎn)端心肌顏色先變白后變暗判為心肌缺血;以再灌注后缺血區(qū)心肌變紅、抬高的S-T段回落和QRS波振幅逐漸降低判為為再灌注成功。
1.3檢測指標(biāo)
大鼠再灌注120 min時處死大鼠,取大鼠靜脈血2 mL,4 ℃ 3 000 r/min離心收集血清,按試劑盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)說明書檢測肌酸激酶(CK-MB)活性,按ELISA試劑盒(R&D公司)說明書檢測大鼠血清腫瘤壞死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的水平;取大鼠心肌組織包埋切片HE染色,400×光鏡下觀察各組心肌組織結(jié)構(gòu)。
1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
2結(jié)果
與假手術(shù)組比較,I/R組CK-MB活性和TNF-α、IL-6水平升高(P<0.05),證實造模成功;與I/R組比較,加蘭他敏組CK-MB活性、TNF-α及IL-6水平降低(P<0.05);與加蘭他敏組比較,聯(lián)合A組及聯(lián)合B組CK-MB活性、TNF-α及IL-6水平升高(P<0.05),見表1。光鏡下觀察心肌組織結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)假手術(shù)組心肌排列整齊,I/R組心肌排列紊亂、心肌水腫、可見心肌壞死融解,炎性細(xì)胞浸潤;加蘭他敏組心肌排列較整齊,有組織水腫,但未見心肌壞死,炎性細(xì)胞浸潤輕;聯(lián)合A組及聯(lián)合B組心肌細(xì)胞排列紊亂,心肌水腫,組織間隙有炎性細(xì)胞及血細(xì)胞浸潤。見圖1。
表1 各組大鼠血清CK-MB活性和
(1)與假手術(shù)組比較,P<0.05;(2)與I/R組比較,P<0.05;(3)與加蘭他敏組比較,P<0.05
注:A為假手術(shù)組,B為 I/R組,C為加蘭他敏組,D為聯(lián)合A組,E為聯(lián)合B組圖1 各組大鼠心肌組織結(jié)構(gòu)(HE,×400)Fig.1 The cardiac muscle fiber structure in each group
3討論
加蘭他敏是一種可以透過血腦屏障的膽堿酯酶抑制劑,臨床用于治療阿爾茨海默病,可以通過中樞毒蕈堿膽堿能受體激活膽堿能抗炎通路,降低內(nèi)毒素血癥時促炎性細(xì)胞因子TNF-α和IL-1等的水平[1]。炎癥在心肌MIRI的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起著重要的作用,使用抗炎療法可以減輕心肌MIRI[2-3]。近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的膽堿能抗炎通路是一條通過迷走神經(jīng)及其遞質(zhì)乙酰膽堿為主的膽堿能系統(tǒng),可通過神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)直接調(diào)控機(jī)體的免疫系統(tǒng)[4]。與傳統(tǒng)的體液抗炎通路相比,膽堿能抗炎通路具有作用范圍廣泛靈敏、調(diào)控迅速的特點[5-6]。有研究報道,使用電刺激迷走神經(jīng)或者藥物激活膽堿能抗炎通路可以降低感染性休克、風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎和MIRI中血清及組織促炎性細(xì)胞因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6的水平,對組織器官產(chǎn)生保護(hù)作用[5,7-8]。TNF-α是心肌MIRI機(jī)制中的關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞因子,不僅有直接的細(xì)胞毒性作用和心肌抑制作用,還可以通過啟動其他促炎性細(xì)胞因子如IL-1和IL6的產(chǎn)生和釋放,觸發(fā)血小板激活等途徑損害心肌功能,促進(jìn)心肌MIRI,減少TNF-α產(chǎn)生可以減輕心肌MIRI[9-12]。本研究中,與假手術(shù)組比較,I/R組大鼠心肌結(jié)構(gòu)破壞嚴(yán)重,CK-MB增高, TNF-α和IL-6水平升高,證明I/R模型復(fù)制成功。使用加蘭他敏預(yù)處理I/R模型大鼠后,與假手術(shù)組比較,大鼠心肌結(jié)構(gòu)損傷減輕,血清CK-MB活性和TNF-α、IL-6水平明顯降低(P<0.05),說明加蘭他敏可通過降低促炎性細(xì)胞因子水平,對心肌MIRI大鼠的心肌起到保護(hù)作用。而與加蘭他敏組比較,聯(lián)合A組和聯(lián)合B組CK-MB活性、TNF-α及IL-6水平升高(P<0.05),說明阿托品或者切斷迷走神經(jīng)可以消減加蘭他敏對心肌MIRI大鼠的心肌保護(hù)作用,提示加蘭他敏的保護(hù)作用與迷走神經(jīng)及毒蕈堿型膽堿能受體有關(guān)。
綜上,加蘭他敏可能通過激活膽堿能抗炎通路、減少促炎性細(xì)胞因子的產(chǎn)生來減輕心肌I/R大鼠的心肌損傷,加蘭他敏對治療心肌MIRI起一定的作用。
4參考文獻(xiàn)
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(2015-12-20收稿,2016-02-25修回)
中文編輯: 吳昌學(xué); 英文編輯: 劉華
Effects of Galantamine on Serum CK-MB activity, TNF-α Level and IL-6 Level of Rats with Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
LI Hui, MA Min, XIAN Shuyue, WANG Yanlin
(DepartmentofAnesthesiology,ZhongnanHospitalofWuhanUniversity,Wuhan430071,Hubei,China)
[Abstract]Objective: To explore the effect of galantamine on serum CK-MB activity, TNF-α level and IL-6 level of rats with MIRI. ethods: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10) : group A (sham operation), group B (ischemia/reperfusion, I/R), group C (galantamine+I/R), group D (atropine+galantamine+I/R), group E (bilateral cervical vagotomy+galantamine+I/R). The rat ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established by ligation of left anterior coronary descending branch (LAD) for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Group A (sham operation), group B (ischemia/reperfusion, I/R ) were injected with physiological saline 30 min before model building (2 mL/kg) while other groups were injected with galantamine (4 mg/kg). Group D was injected with atropine 45 min before model building (4 mg/kg) besides galantamine injection and in group E bilateral cervical vagotomy of rats were cut off besides galantamine injection. 120 min after reperfusion, serum CK-MB activity, TNF-α and IL-6 level were measured. The myocardial tissue was collected to make HE staining, and the myocardial structure was observed under optical microscope. Results: Compared with group A (sham operation), the serum CK-MB activity, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased in group B(I/R), P<0.05, suggesting that I/R model was successfully constructed. Compared with group B(I/R), the serum CK-MB activity, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in group C (galantamine+I/R) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with group C (galantamine+I/R), the serum CK-MB activity, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in group D (atropine+galantamine+I/R) and group E (bilateral cervical vagotomy+galantamine+I/R) were increased significantly (P<0.05). Under 400×optical microscope, cardiac muscle fibers arranged neatly in group A (sham operation) while myocardial structure was in disorder, and meronecrobiosis and inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen in group B(I/R). In group C (galantamine+I/R), cardiac muscle fibers arranged neatly, and hydroncus and inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen to some extent while in group D and group E myocardial structure was in disorder, and myocardial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in interstitial space could be seen. Conclusion: Galantamine may attenuate the myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines through cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
[Key words]galantamine; myocardial reperfusion injury; cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway; cytokines
[中圖分類號]R542.2
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼]A
[文章編號]1000-2707(2016)03-0280-04
*[基金項目]中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項資金、武漢大學(xué)自主科研資助(No.410500181)
**通信作者 E-mail:wyl0342@sina.com
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時間:2016-03-17網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20160317.1051.042.html