張滿勝,英國劍橋大學英語碩士,新東方學?!靶滤季S語法”培訓創(chuàng)始人,著有《英語語法新思維》系列圖書,對英語語法有深入的研究,突破傳統(tǒng)語法教學,提出了“語法即思維”的全新語法理念,揭開了英語思維的深層秘密。他對中國學生英語學習的癥結(jié)和困惑有深刻的了解,力爭改變中國學生“學習多年英語,最終還是不會說、不會寫、聽不懂”的尷尬局面。歡迎大家來信咨詢與英語學習相關(guān)的問題,請在信封右下角或郵件主題欄注明“熱線答疑”。
下面這道題為什么選D,而不是C呢?您可以解釋一下嗎?
______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A. It has B. They have
C. It remains D. There remains
正確答案應(yīng)該是D,填入后說成:There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.實際上,這是一個there be句型,相當于:There is a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.如果填入C選項的It remains,那么it指代不明,無法作為形式主語來指代下文的介詞短語as to the practical value of the project。
張老師您好,下面這道題的答案是A,第一個空選to我可以理解,但是第二個空為什么選with呢,不是be late for sth.嗎?
—You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn't you?
—Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.
A. to; with B. for; with
C. for; for D. at; for
首先,A選項正確,填入后說成:
—You went late to the stadium yesterday evening, didn't you? (昨晚你們到體育場晚了,對吧?)
—Yes, my wife was a little late with the supper. (是的,我妻子晚飯做得/吃得有點晚。)
第一句話中的late是副詞,作狀語,修飾動詞went;第二句話中的late是形容詞,修飾名詞the supper。形容詞late后邊可以接介詞for或with,但意思不同。具體來說,英文中be late for sth.表示“做某事遲到了,晚到了(arrive late)”,而be late with sth.表示“自己本來該做的事做晚了(be late in doing sth.)”,請比較:
a. My wife was late for the supper.
b. My wife was late with the supper.
這兩句話的意思是不同的。具體來說,a句是說“我”妻子吃晚飯遲到了。比如大家晚上聚會,晚飯時間定在晚上7點鐘,結(jié)果“我”妻子8點才到場,讓別人久等了。而b句則是說在正常的吃晚飯時間她沒有做/吃飯,而是把時間延后了。比如“我”們家一般7點吃晚飯,但“我”妻子那天晚上8點才做/吃晚飯。
我們來看更多的例句:
He was ten minutes late for school. (他那天上學遲到了十分鐘。)
You are always late with the rent. (你每次房租總是晚交。)
You're rather late with your apologies. (你這道歉已經(jīng)晚了。)
值得注意的是,我們可以用其他方式來表達be late with的含義,請比較:
He was late with his payment. (他付款晚了。)
= He made a late payment.
= He was late (in) paying.
所以,上面的b句可以改為:
My wife had a late supper./My wife was late in having supper.
我們再回到上面這道題中的兩個句子,顯然背后的邏輯關(guān)系是:因為我們吃晚飯的時間比正常時間要晚,所以我們到體育場的時間晚了。(We were late for the stadium because my wife was a little late with the supper.)
簡言之,be late for是“遲到”,而be late with是“遲做”。