王 勇,趙 偉,馬 驥
沈陽醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬中心醫(yī)院骨四科 沈陽 110024
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Notch1和HES1在骨肉瘤組織中的表達及其對U2OS細(xì)胞侵襲能力的影響*
王勇,趙偉,馬驥#
沈陽醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬中心醫(yī)院骨四科 沈陽 110024
關(guān)鍵詞Notch1;HES1;骨肉瘤;侵襲
摘要目的:研究Notch1和HES1基因在骨肉瘤組織及骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系U2OS中的表達及其對U2OS侵襲能力的影響。方法:組織學(xué)水平研究中,配對選取23例骨肉瘤及臨近瘤旁正常骨骼肌組織標(biāo)本;細(xì)胞學(xué)水平研究中,選取骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系U2OS及人正常成骨細(xì)胞系hFOB1.19;采用免疫組化法檢測組織學(xué)水平Notch1及HES1蛋白的表達,采用Western blot及Real-time PCR法檢測組織學(xué)及細(xì)胞學(xué)水平Notch1、HES1蛋白及mRNA的表達。用Notch1-siRNA沉默U2OS細(xì)胞中Notch1基因后,應(yīng)用Western blot及Real-time PCR法檢測U2OS細(xì)胞中Notch1及HES1的表達,Transwell法檢測U2OS侵襲能力的變化。結(jié)果:相比于正常組織,骨肉瘤組織中Notch1、HES1 mRNA和蛋白呈高表達(t配對=22.567,14.830和8.439,7.100,P<0.001)。U2OS細(xì)胞中Notch1、HES1 mRNA和蛋白表達強于hFOB1.19細(xì)胞(t=11.053,20.482和28.845,34.681,P<0.001)。沉默Notch1基因后,U2OS細(xì)胞Notch1、HES1 mRNA和蛋白表達下降(t=6.294,9.209和9.151,13.953,P<0.05),侵襲能力下降(t=71.387,P<0.001)。 結(jié)論:Notch1和HES1在骨肉瘤組織及骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系中呈高表達,沉默Notch1基因可降低U2OS細(xì)胞侵襲能力。
AbstractAim: To investigate the expressions of Notch1 and HES1 gene in osteosarcoma tissue and their effects on invasion ability of osteosarcoma cell U2OS.Methods: Twenty-three matched tissue specimens of osteosarcoma and matched para-tumor normal tissue, and osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19 were chosen. The expressions of Notch1 and HES1 mRNA and protein in tissue specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry,Real-time PCR and Western blot. The expressions of Notch1 and HES1 mRNA and protein in hFOB1.19,U2OS, and U2OS transfected with Notch1-siRNA were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot, and the cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell chambers.Results: Compared with para-tumor normal tissue, the Notch1 and HES1 mRNA and protein expressions in osteosarcoma tissue were higher(tmatch=22.567,14.830 and 8.439,7.100,P<0.001), and those in U2OS were higher than in hFOB1.19(t=11.053,20.482 and 28.845,34.681,P<0.001). Compared with U2OS, the Notch1 and HES1 mRNA and protein expressions in U2OS transfected with Notch1-siRNA were lower(t=6.294,9.209 and 9.151,13.953,P<0.05), and the invasion ability decreased(t=71.387,P<0.001). Conclusion: Notch1 and HES1 gene show high expression in both tissue and cellular level in osteosarcoma; Notch1 silence can reduce the invasion ability of U2OS.
骨肉瘤位居青少年常見腫瘤中的第三位,而在骨腫瘤中位居第一位[1],其組織學(xué)來源為間葉組織,好發(fā)于長骨干骺端,惡性程度高,生長迅速,侵襲力強,血行轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生早且肺轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生率高,臨床治療相對困難,預(yù)后不佳并伴有較高的致殘率,病死率較高[2-4]。Notch通路是許多重要細(xì)胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的交匯點,在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起重要作用[5-6],有望成為腫瘤基因治療及新藥開發(fā)的靶點。該研究擬從組織學(xué)及細(xì)胞學(xué)水平探討Notch信號通路中Notch受體Notch1與多毛分裂增強子1(hair and enhancer of split1,HES1)的表達,并觀察了其對人骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系U2OS細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1標(biāo)本、細(xì)胞來源及主要試劑、器材
1.1.1骨肉瘤組織標(biāo)本來源23例骨肉瘤標(biāo)本均來自2008年1月至2014年6月沈陽醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬中心醫(yī)院、中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院骨科手術(shù)過程中切取的新鮮骨肉瘤組織及相應(yīng)的正常骨骼肌組織,收集后置于-80 ℃低溫冰箱保存。均經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢查診斷為骨肉瘤。其中14例患者為男性,9例為女性,年齡10~32歲,術(shù)前未行放療及化療。
1.1.2細(xì)胞來源人骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系U2OS、人正常成骨細(xì)胞系hFOB1.19購自中科院上海細(xì)胞庫。
1.1.3主要試劑及器材RNA提取試劑盒、反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、SYBR Green實時熒光定量PCR試劑盒及LipofectamineTM2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑盒(Invitrogen公司);Notch1-siRNA及通用control-siRNA(Santa Cruz公司);兔抗人Notch1單克隆抗體、兔抗人HES1單克隆抗體(Abcam公司),兔抗人β-actin 單克隆抗體(Cell Signaling公司);HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗兔二抗(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司);引物由生工生物工程(上海)有限公司合成;SYBR Master Mixture(TaKaRa公司);DAB顯色劑(丹麥DAKO公司); Transwell小室(Corning公司);HF90 CO2培養(yǎng)箱(美國Biometra公司),CR21GⅡ高速低溫冷凍離心機(日本Sanyo公司);Biospectrum AC凝膠成像系統(tǒng)(美國Bio-Rad公司)。
1.2骨肉瘤組織中Notch1、HES1的檢測
1.2.1Notch1和HES1蛋白的免疫組化檢測組織標(biāo)本取材后,PBS清洗,依次行石蠟包埋、切片、脫蠟復(fù)水、抗原修復(fù)、封閉、過氧化物酶及牛血清白蛋白封閉、一抗及二抗孵育、DAB顯色、復(fù)染、封片。胞膜及胞質(zhì)呈棕黃色或棕色著色為陽性細(xì)胞。
1.2.2Notch1、HES1 mRNA的Real-time PCR法檢測Trizol提取骨肉瘤組織總RNA并標(biāo)記。按照試劑盒說明書進行反轉(zhuǎn)錄,然后按SYBR Green實時熒光定量PCR 試劑盒說明操作,以β-actin為內(nèi)參照,引物序列見表1。以目的基因與β-actin拷貝數(shù)的比值表示目的基因的相對表達量。
表1 引物序列
1.2.3Notch1、HES1蛋白的Western blot法檢測分別提取組織總蛋白,BCA試劑盒測定蛋白濃度,取200 μL樣品進行SDS-PAGE,轉(zhuǎn)膜,封閉1 h后依次行一抗(兔抗人Notch1或HES1和兔抗人β-actin單克隆抗體)、二抗(HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗兔二抗)雜交,最后按ECL 試劑盒說明書行電化學(xué)發(fā)光檢測,應(yīng)用Quantity One軟件行條帶灰度分析,以條帶灰度值表示目的蛋白的表達水平。
1.3U2OS及hFOB1.19中Notch1和HES1的檢測hFOB1.19細(xì)胞用含體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng),U2OS細(xì)胞用含體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng),置于37 ℃、體積分?jǐn)?shù)5%CO2飽和濕度的孵箱中培養(yǎng),定期換液,細(xì)胞融合至75%~ 80%時,常規(guī)傳代。細(xì)胞中Notch1、HES1 mRNA的檢測采用Real-time PCR法,具體同1.2.2。細(xì)胞中Notch1、HES1 蛋白的檢測采用Western blot法,具體同1.2.3。
1.4Notch1-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后U2OS細(xì)胞Notch1和HES1表達及侵襲能力的檢測將U2OS細(xì)胞用胰酶消化,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為2×105L-1并分組接種于24孔板中,37 ℃、體積分?jǐn)?shù)5%CO2條件下孵育24 h,用脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染法分別轉(zhuǎn)染Notch1-siRNA或等量control-siRNA(對照組)。將轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞均勻滴加于24孔板中,37 ℃孵育6 h,添加500 μL DMEM完全培養(yǎng)基,培養(yǎng)48 h后,進行各項指標(biāo)的檢測。采用Real-time PCR法檢測Notch1、HES1 mRNA,采用Western blot法檢測Notch1、HES1 蛋白。參照Transwell小室說明書,常規(guī)包被底部膜,水化;同步化各組U2OS細(xì)胞,調(diào)整計數(shù)并接種,上室內(nèi)加入100 μL含體積分?jǐn)?shù)10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基,下室內(nèi)加入500 μL含體積分?jǐn)?shù)20%胎牛血清的DMEM,37 ℃、體積分?jǐn)?shù)5%CO2條件下孵育48 h;取出Transwell小室,用棉簽擦去小室內(nèi)部細(xì)胞,沖洗,固定,染色,倒置顯微鏡下觀察并進行穿膜細(xì)胞計數(shù)。每組鋪6個Transwell 小室,取平均值。
1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理采用SPSS 17.0儲存和分析數(shù)據(jù)。正常組織和骨肉瘤組織中Notch1、HES1 mRNA和蛋白表達的比較采用配對t檢驗;hFOB1.19和U2OS細(xì)胞中及Notch1沉默前后U2OS細(xì)胞中Notch1、HES1 mRNA和蛋白表達及穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)的比較采用兩獨立樣本t檢驗;檢驗水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。
2結(jié)果
2.1骨肉瘤組織中Notch1和HES1的表達骨肉瘤組織及配對正常組織中Notch1、HES1蛋白和mRNA的表達見圖1、圖2和表2。免疫組化結(jié)果顯示,骨肉瘤組織中Notch1和HES1蛋白呈陽性表達。相比于正常組織,骨肉瘤組織中Notch1、HES1 mRNA和蛋白表達水平明顯升高。
圖1 骨肉瘤及配對正常組織中Notch1和HES1蛋白的表達(SP,×200)
A: 骨肉瘤組織中Notch1的表達;B:正常組織中Notch1的表達;C:骨肉瘤組織中HES1的表達;D:正常組織中HES1的表達。
圖2 骨肉瘤及配對正常組織中Notch1和HES1蛋白的Western blot法檢測
組別nNotch1mRNAHES1mRNANotch1蛋白HES1蛋白正常組織230.632±0.0170.762±0.01412.385±0.0738.722±0.029骨肉瘤組織230.738±0.0140.853±0.02612.599±0.1098.817±0.057 d±sd230.106±0.0230.090±0.0290.215±0.1220.095±0.064t配對22.56714.8308.4397.100P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
2.2U2OS及hFOB1.19細(xì)胞中Notch1和HES1的表達情況見圖3、表3。相比于hFOB1.19細(xì)胞,U2OS細(xì)胞中Notch1、HES1 mRNA和蛋白表達水平均明顯升高。
圖3 U2OS及hFOB1.19細(xì)胞中Notch1和HES1蛋白的Western blot法檢測
組別nNotch1mRNAHES1mRNANotch1蛋白HES1蛋白hFOB1.1930.192±0.0590.116±0.0513.269±1.0624.132±0.967U2OS31.138±0.1360.804±0.02826.683±1.62618.843±1.229t11.05320.48228.84534.681P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
2.3Notch1-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后U2OS細(xì)胞中Notch1及HES1表達及細(xì)胞侵襲能力的變化轉(zhuǎn)染Notch1-siRNA后,U2OS細(xì)胞Notch1及HES1 mRNA表達下調(diào),Notch1及HES1蛋白表達水平降低(圖4、表4),提示轉(zhuǎn)染成功。Transwell小室實驗結(jié)果顯示,Notch1-siRNA組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)為(48.152±3.714),
對照組為(226.436±4.861),Notch1-siRNA組較對照組明顯減少(t=71.387,P<0.001)。
圖4 Notch1-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后U2OS細(xì)胞中Notch1及HES1蛋白的Western blot法檢測
組別nNotch1mRNAHES1mRNANotch1蛋白HES1蛋白對照組31.153±0.1640.748±0.08314.336±1.56316.264±1.377Notch1-siRNA組30.423±0.1160.267±0.0364.467±1.0233.361±0.882t6.2949.2099.15113.953P0.003<0.001<0.001<0.001
3討論
骨肉瘤作為10~20歲青少年階段最常見的惡性骨腫瘤,常好發(fā)于長骨的干骺端[7-9],目前骨肉瘤的治療方法主要為廣泛的外科手術(shù)聯(lián)合術(shù)前術(shù)后化療,但患者總的生存率僅65%~70%[10-11]。骨肉瘤生長迅速,常常很早即發(fā)生肺轉(zhuǎn)移,目前骨肉瘤轉(zhuǎn)移涉及的具體的生物學(xué)信號途徑仍是分子生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究的熱點。
Notch信號途徑被譽為“干細(xì)胞掌控開關(guān)”,參與和影響多種組織細(xì)胞的正常生長發(fā)育過程,包括干細(xì)胞的維持、增殖、分化以及凋亡等[12-13]。Notch1作為Notch信號通路4個配體中最為重要的一個,其活性水平對整個Notch信號通路的重要性不言而喻。研究[14-16]認(rèn)為,Notch1在腦腫瘤、肝細(xì)胞癌、乳癌等多種腫瘤中發(fā)揮作用。該研究結(jié)果顯示,Notch1在骨肉瘤組織及骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系U2OS中的表達高于正常骨骼肌組織及正常成骨細(xì)胞系hFOB1.19細(xì)胞,初步判定Notch1在骨肉瘤的發(fā)生過程中可能起到了一個類似于促癌基因的作用,這與Zhang等[17]和Tanaka等[18]報道的結(jié)果一致。
HES1是Notch1信號通路下游的一個重要的靶基因,它同時包含一個DNA結(jié)合區(qū)及一個蛋白-蛋白相互作用結(jié)合區(qū),是重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子,其表達水平常用于衡量Notch信號通路的活性[19-22]。該研究結(jié)果顯示,與Notch1相似,HES1在骨肉瘤組織及U2OS細(xì)胞中呈高表達,進一步提示Notch信號通路在骨肉瘤中呈活化狀態(tài),亦即Notch1/HES1可能在骨肉瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中起到重要作用。
骨肉瘤預(yù)后欠佳的一個重要因素是其高侵襲性。作者應(yīng)用RNAi沉默U2OS細(xì)胞中Notch1基因后,細(xì)胞中Notch1及HES1的表達水平較對照組明顯下降;進一步的Tanswell實驗結(jié)果提示,轉(zhuǎn)染了Notch1-siRNA的U2OS細(xì)胞侵襲能力相比于對照(轉(zhuǎn)染control-siRNA)明顯降低。上述結(jié)果提示,Notch1/HES1參與了骨肉瘤細(xì)胞U2OS的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移過程,下調(diào)Notch1表達可相應(yīng)地降低U2OS的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力。
綜上所述,Notch1和HES1在骨肉瘤組織及骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系中均呈高表達,下調(diào)Notch1表達可相應(yīng)地降低HES1表達并降低U2OS的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力。當(dāng)然,包括骨肉瘤在內(nèi)的任何腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移過程都是非常復(fù)雜的、涉及多種機制的過程,該研究僅僅針對Notch信號通路做了部分研究,關(guān)于Notch1影響調(diào)控HES1表達及影響U2OS細(xì)胞侵襲能力的具體機制還有待進一步的深入探討。
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*河南省醫(yī)學(xué)科技攻關(guān)項目201203071
Expressions of Notch1 and HES1 in osteosarcoma tissue and their effects on invasion ability of osteosarcoma cell U2OS
WANGYong,ZHAOWei,MAJi
The4thDepartmentofOrthopaedics,theAffiliatedCentralHospital,ShenyangMedicalCollege,Shenyang110024
Key wordsNotch1;HES1;osteosarcoma;invasion
doi:10.13705/j.issn.1671-6825.2015.06.013
中圖分類號R738.7
通信作者#,男,1962年11月生,碩士,副教授,研究方向:骨肉瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)研究,E-mail:majji1119@163.com