国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

試探中譯英中英語慣用法錯(cuò)誤

2015-07-16 08:05顧祖良
關(guān)鍵詞:糾正翻譯錯(cuò)誤

顧祖良

[摘要]在中譯英中,有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的錯(cuò)誤,有詞匯和語法方面的錯(cuò)誤。但相比而言,詞語慣用法方面的錯(cuò)誤,一不留神就會(huì)出現(xiàn)在相關(guān)的譯文中。指出譯文中的詞語慣用法錯(cuò)誤,通過大量實(shí)例分析錯(cuò)誤的原因,糾正錯(cuò)誤,給出地道的英語譯文。

[關(guān)鍵詞]英語;翻譯;慣用法;錯(cuò)誤;糾正

[中圖分類號]G642

[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼]A

[文章編號]1671-5918(2015)03-0136-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-5918.2015.03-067

[本刊網(wǎng)址]http://www.hbxb.net

在談到英語慣用法的重要性時(shí),我國英語界泰斗、英語慣用法權(quán)威葛傳槼先生在其《英語慣用法詞典》(新修訂本)前言中明確指出:要學(xué)好英語,必須掌握英語慣用法。無論聽、說、讀、寫、譯和應(yīng)付“托?!?、GRE、GMAT、“雅思”等各種英語考試,都要熟練地掌握英語貴用法。然而,筆者在最近的閱讀中,發(fā)現(xiàn)在《英語專業(yè)八級考試翻譯指南》(下文簡稱《英語專業(yè)》)、《散文佳作108篇;漢、英對照》(下文簡稱《散文佳作》以及《中國文化漢英讀本漢英對照》(下文簡稱《中國文化》)的中譯英中,存在著不少錯(cuò)誤,尤其是英語慣用法方面的錯(cuò)誤。本文舉出一些實(shí)例,分析造成錯(cuò)誤的原因,給出符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的地道的英語譯文。

一、leave sb. an impression的錯(cuò)誤用法

開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候,印象很好。(2004年真題)

在《英語專業(yè)》p.35上,所給的譯文如下:

The starter or cold dish will leave you a good impression.

原譯文有誤?!敖o某人留下印象”,根據(jù)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,不可說leave sb.an impression,而常用make或leave an impres-sion on sb.。例如:

1. The football players were trying to make an impression onthe national coach.足球隊(duì)員竭力想給國家隊(duì)教練留下印象。

2. Her speech made a quite impression on the audience.她的演說給聽眾留下相當(dāng)好的印象。

3. It leaves an impression on the visitor not easily forgotten.它給參觀者留下了難忘的印象。

4.The expe-ience left a lasting impression on me.這段經(jīng)歷給我留下了不可磨滅的印象。

從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,leave sb.an impression不符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。不過,leave sb.with an impression倒是地道的英語表達(dá)形式,但不常見。如:The book leaves you with a dis-torted impression of politics.該書會(huì)給你對政治留下扭曲的印象。

因此,原譯文宜改為:The starter or cold dish will leave/makea good impression on you.

二、inform sb.sth.的錯(cuò)誤用法

應(yīng)該盡最大努力告誡年輕人吸煙的危害,特別是染上煙癮后的可怕后果。

《英語專業(yè)》p.59上,所給的譯文如下:

Great efforts should be made to inform young people especiallythe dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.

原譯文有誤。根據(jù)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,inform sb.后要跟介詞of或about再接sth.例如:

1. You should inform your bank of any change of address。地址若有變更,你應(yīng)該通知銀行。

2. Has she been informed of her mother's death yet?有人把她母親去世的消息告訴她了嗎?

3. The clinic is requested to inform the patient about alterna-tive treatments.要求診所通知病人有可能改變治療方法。

不過,inform sb.后若同how等疑問詞連接時(shí),在句中是直接賓語,其前的介詞可以省略。例如:

1. Could you please inform me how to go about contacting aIawyer?請您告訴我怎樣去聯(lián)絡(luò)律師?

2.I informed him(about) where to go.我告訴他我去什么地方。

不過,筆者認(rèn)為,在上述譯文中,即使把mform后的介詞of或about補(bǔ)上,譯文還是有問題。動(dòng)詞lnform常作“通知,告知”解,無“告誡”含義??筛挠脀arn或admonish,譯文還有其他漏譯。因此,原譯文宜改譯為:

Great efforts should be made to warn(或admonish) youngpeople of the harm of smoking, especially the dreadful conse-quences of getting addicted to it.endprint

三、on the way of doing sth.的錯(cuò)誤用法

我們或許還可以爭辯說,中國人還生活在爭取富足的道路上,不必杞人憂天。

《英語專業(yè)八》p.135上,所給的譯文如下:

Some may argue that we Chinese are still on the way of strivingfor the abundant life and thus have no need meeting troubles half-way.

原譯文有誤。根據(jù)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,on the/one's way 后不跟of doing sth.,要跟to doing sth.,有時(shí)也可跟to do sth.,但不常見。例如:

1.She is well on the way to mastering English.她即將掌握英語。

2.He is on his way to becoming a journalist.他快成為一名記者。

3. He is well on the way to becoming a fine mechanic.他即將成為一名優(yōu)秀的技工。

4.He is already well advanced on the way to cure. 他的病已經(jīng)好多了。

此外,原譯文中,還有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,have no need后不可跟doing sth,要跟to do sth.例如:

1. I had no need to open the letteI--l knew what it wouldday.我沒有必要拆開那封信--我知道里面會(huì)說什么。

2.We have no need to be afraid of them.我們不必怕他們。

3.You have no need to be ashamed.你不必感到慚愧。

因此,原譯文宜改為:Some may argue that we Chinese arestill on the way to striving for the abundant life and thus have noneed to meet troubles half-Way.

四、as"',but的錯(cuò)誤用法

“長大”是“長大”了,而沒有“好”。

在《散文佳作》p.201上,所給的譯文如下:

“Grown”as I am, but things are not any“better”.(劉士聰譯)

原譯文有誤。根據(jù)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,在由as或though引導(dǎo)的倒裝式讓步狀語從句中,其主句前不能再加連詞but。例如:

1.Improbable as it seems, it's true.雖然看起來視乎不可能,卻是真的。

2. Happy as they were, there was something missing.盡管他們很快樂,但總?cè)鄙冱c(diǎn)仕么。

3. Try as he might(=however hard he tried), he couldn'topen the door.他想盡了辦法也不能打開門。

4. Hardworking though he was, there was never enough mon-ey to pay the bills.他雖然工作得挺辛苦,但卻一直是人不敷出。

因此,原譯文宜改為:“Grown”as I am,things are not any“better”.也可改為:I am“grown”,but things are not any“bet-ter”.

五、couldn't help but did sth.的錯(cuò)誤用法

醫(yī)生忍不住反駁說:“我們這里平不是北極嘛?!?/p>

在《散文佳作》p.75上,所給的譯文如下:

The doctor couldn't help but retorted,“This is not the NorthPole.”(琥珀譯)

原譯文有誤。根據(jù)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,can't help but do是固定搭配,常用于美式英語中。不管前面用can't,還是couldn't,but后要跟動(dòng)詞原形。例如:

1. You talk to the guy for five minutes and you can't help butlike him.要是你和那人交談五分鐘,你會(huì)情不自禁地喜歡上他。

2. I couldn't help but notice the bruise she had under hereye.我不禁注意到她眼睛下有傷痕。

3. She couldn't help but wonder what he was thinking.她不禁琢磨他在想什么。

因此,原譯文宜改為:The doctor couldn't help but retort,“This is not the North Pole.”或也可改為:The doctor couldn'thelp retorting,“This is not the North Pole.”

六、look blank at sth.的錯(cuò)誤用法

它隨著擊碰傾側(cè),頭不動(dòng),眼不動(dòng),還呆呆地注視著地上。

在《散文佳作》p.73上,所給的譯文如下:

As the kitten touched it.it tilted from side to side, its headundisturbed and its eyes looking blank at the floor。(劉士聰譯)endprint

原譯文有誤。動(dòng)詞look既是系動(dòng)詞,又可作行為動(dòng)詞用。在look at sb./sth.中,Iook不是系動(dòng)詞,而是行為動(dòng)詞,要用副詞來修飾動(dòng)詞。例如:

1.The child looked curiously at us.這孩子好奇地看著我們。

2.He looked carefully at the figures.他仔細(xì)檢查這些數(shù)字。

3. We need to look very carefully at ways of improving our ef-ficiency.我們需要仔細(xì)研究提高效率的各種辦法。

因此,原譯文宜改為:As the kitten touched it,it tilted fromside to side, its head undisturbed and its eyes looking blankly atthe floor.

七、ensure sb. to do sth.的錯(cuò)誤用法

按照“國家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的第十二個(gè)五年計(jì)劃( 2011 -2015年)綱要,中國的人口年度增長率應(yīng)保持在7.2‰以內(nèi),以確保到2015年中國人口不超過13億9000萬:

在《中國文化》p.29上,所給的譯文為:

In accordance with the“Outline of the Twelfth Five-YearPlan (2011-2015) for National Economic and Social Develop-ment," the annual natural increase of China's population shouldbe kept under 7.2 per l.000, so as to ensure the population not toexceed l.39 billion by 2015.

譯文中的動(dòng)詞ensure的用法不符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。動(dòng)詞ensure作“確保;保證”解,不用于ensure sb. to do sth.的句型。ensure常見于ensure sth.,ensure doing sth.,ensure sb.sth.,ensure sb. against/from sth.,ensure that等句型。例如:

1. The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.航空公司正在采取措施以確保其航班的飛行安全。

2. They took steps to ensure the safety of the passengers.他們采取措施確保乘客的安全。

3.Come early to ensure getting a good seat.早點(diǎn)來確保有個(gè)好座位。

4.I cannot ensure his being on time.我不能保證他能按時(shí)。

5. The medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep.這藥保證讓能讓你睡一夜好覺。

6. Their 2-0 victory today has ensured the Italian team aplace in the Cup Final/ensured a place in the Cup Final for the I—talian team.今天意大利隊(duì)2比O獲勝,這確保了它穩(wěn)操勝券進(jìn)入世界杯的決賽。

7.We should ensure workers against accidents.我們應(yīng)保護(hù)工人不出事故。

8. The arrangements will ensure each side from attack by theother.這些安排將使各方免遭對方的襲擊。

9. The role of the police is to ensure(that) the law is o-beyed.警察的職責(zé)就是確保人們遵守法律。

10. His help ensured our success/ensured that we were suc-cessful.他的幫助保證了我們的成功。

從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,動(dòng)詞ensure的各種搭配用法。在英語中,無ensure sb, to do sth.這一說法。因此,原譯文宜改為:In accordance with the“Outline of the Twelfth Five-YearPlan(2011-2015)for National Economic and Social Develop-ment," the annual natural increase of China's population shouldbe kept under 7.2 per l.000, so as to ensure that the populationdoes not exceed l.39 billion by 2015(或…so as to ensure thepopulation's not exceeding l.39 billion by 2015).

八、have no alternative but do sth.的錯(cuò)誤用法

她別無選擇,只能將惡魔的腦袋抱在懷里以避免大災(zāi)難出現(xiàn)。

在《中國文化》p.70上,所給的譯文為:

She had no alternative but keep the head in her arms in orderthat it might not cause such havoc.endprint

譯文中的had no alternative but keep用得欠妥。根據(jù)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,have no alternative/choice/option but后要跟to dosth.,不可跟do sth.,作“不得不”解。例如:

1. Im afraid I have no altemative but to ask you to leave(=that is what I have to do).恐怕我別無選擇,只有讓你離開。

2.We had no alternative hut to fire Gibson.我們只好解雇吉普森。

3.I had no choice but to cancel my holiday.我不得不取消假期。

4. We had no choice but to accept the majority decision. 除了接受大多數(shù)人的決定外,我們別無選擇。

5. I had no option but to turn the documents over to the po-lice.我只得把這些文件交給警察。

6.I had no option hut to(=I had to) ask him to Ieave.我別無選擇,只有請他離開。

不過,在do nothing but,cannot but, cannot choose but,和cannot help but等結(jié)構(gòu)中,but后要跟do sth.,不跟to do sth.。例如:

1.He did nothing but grumble.他只會(huì)發(fā)牢騷。

2.I could not but bring the matter to their notice.我不能不把這個(gè)問題提請他們注意。

3.I cannot choose but attend the party.我只好去參加這次晚會(huì)。

4.I couldn't help but notice the bruise she had under hereye.我不禁注意到她眼睛下面的傷痕。

從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,but在不同的搭配中,其后所跟的動(dòng)詞形式也不同,不宜混用。因此,原譯文宜改為:Shehad no altemative but to keep the head in her arms in order that itmight not cause such havoc.

綜上所述,我們不難看出,在相關(guān)的中譯英譯文中,確實(shí)存在著一些英語慣用法方面的錯(cuò)誤,使得譯文不符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。要避免慣用法方面的錯(cuò)誤,筆者建議要多查閱英語工具書,尤其是英語慣用法方面的辭書。只有這樣,漢譯英時(shí),譯文才能變得更地道。筆者提出上述問題,意在同原譯者進(jìn)行討論商榷,也供讀者參考。

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1] Della Summers.Longman Dictionary of English Language & Culture(English-Chinese)[M].北京:商務(wù)印書館,2005.

[2] Della Summers.Longman Pocket English-Chinese Activator[M].北京:商務(wù)印書館,2007.

[3] Hornby.A.S.Oxford Advanced Leamer's English-Chinese Dictionary[M].北京:商務(wù)印書館,2004.

[4] Jonathan Crowther,Sheilla Dignen,Diana Lea.Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of《English[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2003.

[5] Longman Group UK Limited.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,1997.

[6] Longman Group UK Limited. Longman Language Activator[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,1997.

[7] Pearson Education Limited.Longman Advanced American Dictionary[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2003.

[8]戴煒棟.新世紀(jì)英漢多功能詞典[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,2003.

[9]葛傳槼.英語慣用法詞典[M].上海:上海譯文出版社,2000.

[ 10]費(fèi)致德.現(xiàn)代英語慣用法詞典[M].北京:商務(wù)印書館,1981.

[11]黃任.英語專業(yè)八級考試翻譯指南[M].長春:吉林出版集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司,2011.

[ 12]陸谷孫.英漢大詞典[M].上海:上海譯文出版社,2007.

[ 13]喬萍.散文佳作108篇,漢、英對照[M].南京:譯林出版社,1999.

[ 14]王文昌.英語搭配大詞典[M].南京:江蘇教育出版社,1988.

[ 15]張道真.現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典[M].上海:上海譯文出版社,1987.

[ 16]張道真.英語常用動(dòng)詞用法詞典[M].上海:上海譯文出版社,1981.

[ 17]姚寶榮.中國文化漢英讀本漢英對照[M].西安:西安交通大學(xué)出版社,2013.

[ 18]雍和明.當(dāng)代英語介詞詞典[M].上海:上海譯文出版社,2007.endprint

猜你喜歡
糾正翻譯錯(cuò)誤
農(nóng)村中學(xué)生不良行為習(xí)慣的成因與糾正
商務(wù)英語翻譯在國際貿(mào)易中的重要性及其應(yīng)用
小議翻譯活動(dòng)中的等值理論
《錯(cuò)誤》:怎一個(gè)“美”字了得
可愛的錯(cuò)誤等
陇川县| 枝江市| 玛沁县| 大名县| 中方县| 张家口市| 维西| 进贤县| 紫金县| 舟曲县| 杂多县| 张家口市| 海兴县| 根河市| 广平县| 博客| 子长县| 沙河市| 延安市| 江北区| 乐都县| 涪陵区| 天门市| 株洲市| 黄浦区| 洪江市| 昌图县| 大姚县| 长宁区| 海南省| 湾仔区| 增城市| 华亭县| 依安县| 山东省| 古蔺县| 宿松县| 遂川县| 江都市| 大港区| 眉山市|