劉鐵楠
冠心病又稱作為冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病,屬于臨床常見疾病,嚴重危害人類身心健康[1,2]。冠狀動脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生發(fā)展,嚴重威脅患者的生命安全,且其程度與干預及預后均有密切聯(lián)系。相關研究認為,血漿腦鈉肽和超敏C反應蛋白與心肌急性缺血性梗死、心臟損傷和心功能受損有密切關系[3-5]。因此,測定冠心病患者血漿腦鈉肽(BNP)、超敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)水平并分析其與疾病嚴重程度之間的關系,對臨床干預及預后評估均有重要臨床價值。
1.1 一般資料 選擇2012年6月—2014年6月收治的冠心病患者336例,按照臨床表現(xiàn)不同將其分為3組。急性心肌梗死組(AMI組)126例,男73例,女53例;年齡44歲~79歲(65.4歲±5.7歲);合并高血壓52例,糖尿病37例。穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組(SAP組)112例,男65例,女47例;年齡45歲~86歲(67.7歲±7.8歲);合并高血壓44例,糖尿病42例。不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛組(UAP組)98例,男52例,女46例;年齡42歲~85歲(68.4歲±5.3歲);合并高血壓41例,糖尿病29例。3組患者一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患者均經冠脈造影確診,排除精神疾病、嚴重心腦血管疾病、肝腎疾病等。
1.2 方法 采集空腹靜脈血5 mL,BNP水平測定采用放射性免疫法。超敏C反應蛋白水平的測定采用德靈公司生產的特定蛋白分析儀BN prospec和試劑盒,采用免疫散射比濁法。檢測操作完全按照分析儀以及試劑盒的使用說明進行[4]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學處理 應用SPSS17.0軟件進行分析處理,計量資料用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 3組患者冠狀動脈粥樣硬化病變的嚴重程度比較 3組患者冠狀動脈硬化病變比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=9.326,P<0.05),左主干病變比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=8.475,P<0.05)。詳見表1。
表1 3組患者冠狀動脈粥樣硬化病變的嚴重程度比較 例
2.2 3組患者BNP、hs-CRP與 Gensini評分比較 3組患者BNP、hs-CRP與Gensini評分差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義,但與UAP組比較,AMI組BNP含量差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(t=1.335,P>0.05),Gensini評分差異亦無統(tǒng)計學意義(t=0.972,P>0.05)。詳見表2。
表2 3組患者BNP、hs-CRP與Gensini評分比較(x±s)
冠狀動脈粥樣硬化進展與患者預后具有密切關系。相關研究報道,不同嚴重程度患者所采取干預措施及預后均具有一定差別。正因如此,尋找合適的實驗室指標進行評估冠狀動脈粥樣硬化嚴重程度具有重要臨床價值。BNP首見于日本學者報道,其主要存在于機體右心房,可與游離鈣離子相互作用,進而降低機體鈣離子濃度,達到降低機體血壓效果?,F(xiàn)在多項研究[6-8]認為,BNP與心力衰竭程度呈正相關,其在人體內濃度的升高早已成為公認的診斷心力衰竭的客觀指標。
C反應蛋白(CRP)主要由機體肝臟組織合成,屬于急性時相反應蛋白,對評估機體感染程度及組織損傷狀況具有重要臨床價值[9-13]。相關研究表明,機體健康狀態(tài)下,CRP表達水平較低,通常低于10 mg/L,但當機體受損傷時,其表達水平可急劇增高[15-17]。有文獻報道[17-19],炎癥反應在動脈粥樣硬化進展過程中起著重要作用。因此,測定CRP水平有助于評估冠狀動脈狀況。本研究結果顯示,3組患者冠脈病變程度比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),左主干病變比較差異亦有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。而3組患者組間比較,BNP、hs-CRP與Gensini評分差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義,但AMI組BNP含量、Gensini評分與UAP組比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),提示冠脈粥樣硬化患者BNP與hs-CRP水平與冠狀動脈病變的嚴重程度相關,可以反映心肌受損的程度,并且可作為評價冠狀動脈病變狀況的指標[8]。
總之,測定患者血漿腦鈉肽和超敏C反應蛋白水平冠狀動脈病變程度具有重要臨床意義,但本研究為單中心研究,所納入樣本數(shù)較少,尚需更多臨床研究給予佐證。
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