朱傳會(huì),李庭贊,王壽九,周燁,李學(xué)良
(1.南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬明基醫(yī)院 消化內(nèi)科,江蘇 南京 210019;2.南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院 消化內(nèi)科,江蘇 南京 210029)
·論 著·
星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上調(diào)基因-1表達(dá)與食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌預(yù)后的相關(guān)性研究
朱傳會(huì)1,李庭贊1,王壽九1,周燁1,李學(xué)良2
(1.南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬明基醫(yī)院 消化內(nèi)科,江蘇 南京 210019;2.南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院 消化內(nèi)科,江蘇 南京 210029)
目的:探討食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上調(diào)基因-1(AEG-1)的表達(dá)情況及其與臨床分期、預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。方法:應(yīng)用半定量RT-PCR、Western blotting 及免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)檢測(cè)AEG-1基因在食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá)情況,并與腫瘤臨床分期特征及預(yù)后進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果:食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中AEG-1 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)量分別為癌旁正常組織的8.2~18.5倍及4.6~13.2倍。76例食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌石蠟包埋組織中AEG-1 蛋白表達(dá)陽(yáng)性占70例。AEG-1在男性患者中的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)于女性患者,在中晚期病變中的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)于早期病變,另AEG-1表達(dá)強(qiáng)度與患者生存時(shí)間呈負(fù)相關(guān)。結(jié)論:AEG-1不僅可以用于預(yù)測(cè)食管癌患者預(yù)后,也可能成為一個(gè)潛在的基因治療靶點(diǎn)。
星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上調(diào)基因-1; 食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌; RT-PCR; Western boltting; 免疫組織化學(xué)
星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上調(diào)基因-1(astrocyte elevated gene-1,AEG-1)的發(fā)現(xiàn)源于人類(lèi)免疫缺陷病毒-1(human immunodeficiency virus-1,HIV-1)感染[1-2]。HIV-1感染導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)退行性變和HIV-1相關(guān)性癡呆(HIV-1 associated dementia,HAD)等中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能障[1]。近年來(lái)對(duì)AEG-1的深入研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AEG-1不僅促進(jìn)神經(jīng)退行性變的發(fā)生,還促進(jìn)腫瘤的進(jìn)展和轉(zhuǎn)移,是腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵基因。在多種體外培養(yǎng)的腫瘤細(xì)胞(多形性膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤、乳腺癌、前列腺癌及肝癌等)和相應(yīng)的腫瘤組織中發(fā)現(xiàn),AEG-1的表達(dá)升高[3-6]。本研究主要通過(guò)半定量RT-PCR、Western blotting 及免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)檢測(cè)AEG-1基因在食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中不同水平的表達(dá)情況,并與腫瘤臨床分期特征及預(yù)后進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。
1.1 一般資料
收集2008年7月至2014年6月南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬明基醫(yī)院臨床病理確診為食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的石蠟包埋標(biāo)本共76份,其中男55例,女21例,年齡35~76歲。臨床分期Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱa期34例,Ⅱb期14例,Ⅲ期19例,Ⅳ期6例。所有病例在手術(shù)前均未接受放療或化療。另有5例臨床手術(shù)切除新鮮食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織及癌旁正常組織(距癌組織邊緣2 cm以?xún)?nèi))制作為冰凍切片。
1.2 試劑
AEG-1兔抗人多克隆抗體、GAPDH兔抗人多克隆抗體(EPTOMIC公司),鼠抗兔二抗(北京中杉金橋公司),免疫組織化學(xué)試劑盒(北京中杉金橋公司)。AEG-1引物5′-AAATAGCCAGCCTATCAAGACTC-3′ (forward),5′-TTCAGACTTGGTCTGTGAAGGAG-3′(reverse)。GAPDH引物5′-ACCACAGTCCATGCCATCAC-3′ (forward),5′-TCCACCACCCTGTTGCTGTA-3′ (reverse)。
1.3 方法
液氮研磨組織,Trizol法提取總RNA,測(cè)OD值定量RNA濃度。利用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶獲取cDNA溶液,保存于-80℃待用。以cDNA為模板,加入AEG-1引物行PCR,GAPDH作為內(nèi)參。
組織勻漿蛋白樣品(BCA法測(cè)定濃度)中加入5×Loading Buffer,95℃變性4 min,冷卻后等量上樣,使用5%的濃縮膠和12%的分離膠進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE電泳,80 V,待溴酚藍(lán)進(jìn)入分離膠后改120 V電泳,待目標(biāo)蛋白跑至分離膠的中下1/3時(shí)停止跑膠。4℃下300 mA轉(zhuǎn)膜3 h。5%脫脂牛奶封閉1 h,4℃一抗孵育過(guò)夜,TBST洗膜,二抗孵育1 h,TBST洗膜。ECL發(fā)光液孵育膜2 min,暗室內(nèi)曝光、顯影、定影。測(cè)定灰度值,進(jìn)行半定量分析。
石蠟切片常規(guī)脫蠟、水合、漂洗,浸于10 mmol·L-1檸檬酸,微波20 min,冷卻20 min,漂洗。 3%H2O2中浸泡10 min 封閉內(nèi)源性過(guò)氧化物酶。PAP筆圈出欲染范圍,每張片子加50~75 μl 封閉液,室溫濕潤(rùn)孵育1 h,50~75 μl稀釋的一抗37℃孵育2 h,漂洗,50~75 μl稀釋的辣根過(guò)氧化物標(biāo)記二抗37℃孵育1 h,漂洗,DAB孵育10 min,漂洗,蘇木素復(fù)染,脫水,中性樹(shù)膠封片。顯微鏡下觀(guān)察拍照。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件,對(duì)AEG-1在不同臨床分期中的表達(dá)差異行t檢驗(yàn),對(duì)AEG-1表達(dá)與臨床特征行χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 AEG-1 mRNA在食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá)情況
運(yùn)用半定量RT-PCR法檢測(cè)所收集5例新鮮食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌及癌旁正常組織中AEG-1 mRNA表達(dá)情況,結(jié)果顯示癌組織中AEG-1 mRNA表達(dá)量為癌旁正常組織的8.2~18.5倍(圖1)。
2.2 AEG-1 蛋白在食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá)情況
運(yùn)用Western blotting 法檢測(cè)所收集5例新鮮食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌及癌旁正常組織中AEG-1 蛋白表達(dá)情況,結(jié)果顯示癌組織中AEG-1蛋白表達(dá)量為癌旁正常組織的4.6~13.2倍(圖2)。
2.3 AEG-1 蛋白在食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中免疫組化結(jié)果
運(yùn)用免疫組化法檢測(cè)所收集76例食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌石蠟包埋組織中AEG-1 蛋白表達(dá)及定位情況,結(jié)果在70例中檢測(cè)到AEG-1的表達(dá)。不同臨床分期食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中的AEG-1蛋白IHC染色明顯強(qiáng)于正常組織(圖3-4)。
圖1 半定量RT-PCR法檢測(cè)AEG-1 mRNA在5例新鮮食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌與癌旁正常組織中表達(dá)比值
Fig 1 To detect the expression of AEG-1 mRNA in 5 cases of fresh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues by semi quantitative RT-PCR
圖2 Western blotting法檢測(cè)AEG-1 蛋白在5例新鮮食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌與癌旁正常組織中表達(dá)比值
Fig 2 To detect the expression of AEG-1 protein in 5 cases of fresh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues by Western blotting
2.4 AEG-1表達(dá)情況與食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌患者臨床病理特征相關(guān)性
對(duì)臨床資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析顯示,AEG-1表達(dá)強(qiáng)度與患者性別、臨床分期相關(guān)。男性患者中AEG-1表達(dá)較女性更顯著(P=0.037),中晚期較早期病變表達(dá)更顯著(P<0.001)。見(jiàn)表1。AEG-1低表達(dá)組與高表達(dá)組在長(zhǎng)期生存率上差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.01,圖5)。
我國(guó)是食管癌發(fā)生率及死亡率最高的國(guó)家,我國(guó)新發(fā)食管癌病例約占每年全世界的50%。在我國(guó)食管癌高發(fā)地區(qū),男性發(fā)病率161/10萬(wàn),女性發(fā)病率103/10萬(wàn)[7-8]。由于缺乏有效的能用于早期診斷的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物,食管癌是癌癥相關(guān)死亡中的最常見(jiàn)原因,其平均5年存活率僅約10%。近年來(lái),許多研究報(bào)告表明,AEG-1與多種細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為相關(guān),如癌癥細(xì)胞存活、細(xì)胞凋亡和遷移[9]。 AEG-1在多種人類(lèi)癌細(xì)胞中表達(dá)上調(diào),如乳腺癌、多形膠質(zhì)母細(xì)胞瘤、肝癌和前列腺癌[3-6]。
本研究結(jié)果表明,AEG-1在食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中高表達(dá),其中AEG-1 mRNA在5例新鮮食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的表達(dá)水平明顯高于癌旁正常組織,而蛋白水平方面AEG-1在新鮮食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的表達(dá)亦明顯高于癌旁正常組織。免疫組織化學(xué)顯示,76例食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌石蠟包埋組織中AEG-1 陽(yáng)性率高達(dá)92.11%(70/76),主要定位于細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明,AEG-1的表達(dá)與食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌患者性別、臨床分期及生存期相關(guān)。AEG-1在男性患者中的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)于女性患者,在中晚期病變中的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)于早期病變,另AEG-1表達(dá)強(qiáng)度與患者生存時(shí)間呈負(fù)相關(guān)。
迄今為止,國(guó)內(nèi)外多項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AEG-1參與調(diào)節(jié)多種腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移及促血管生成。Brown等[5,10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在乳腺癌中AEG-1過(guò)表達(dá)可明顯上調(diào)Ki67 的表達(dá),而體外研究證實(shí)AEG-1促進(jìn)乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖與細(xì)胞周期抑制因子p27(Kip1)和p21(Cip1)的表達(dá)下調(diào)相關(guān)。Liu等[3]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞中上調(diào)表達(dá)的AEG-1與基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的啟動(dòng)子相互作用,反式激活MMP-9表達(dá)從而增強(qiáng)膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲性。Kikuno等[4,11]在前列腺癌細(xì)胞系LNCaP和PC-3中敲除AEG-1基因后可誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,其機(jī)制依賴(lài)于A(yíng)KT活性降低而FOXO3a活性上調(diào)。此外,敲除AEG-1基因可降低NF-κB和AP-1(activator protein 1)活性,使NF-κB 和AP-1下游蛋白(IL-6、IL-8及MMP-9)表達(dá)減少,從而減弱前列腺癌細(xì)胞的侵襲力。Yu等[12]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AEG-1過(guò)表達(dá)可以促進(jìn)食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的增殖和錨定獨(dú)立性生長(zhǎng)能力,并證明AEG-1過(guò)表達(dá)可減少p27的表達(dá)及通過(guò) AKT/FOXO3a信號(hào)通路誘導(dǎo)cyclin D1表達(dá)。Emdad等[13]在A(yíng)EG-1過(guò)表達(dá)的腦膠質(zhì)瘤組織中發(fā)現(xiàn),促血管生成相關(guān)分子(血管生成素-1、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-2及缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子1α)表達(dá)也相應(yīng)增高,并通過(guò)體外血管生成實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步闡明AEG-1促進(jìn)血管生成是由PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路介導(dǎo)的。
圖3 AEG-1在食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中的陽(yáng)性表達(dá)
Fig 3 To detect the positive expression of AEG-1 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by IHC
圖4 AEG-1在不同臨床分期中表達(dá)強(qiáng)度差異分析
Fig 4 To analyze the difference of expression of AEG-1 protein in different clinical stages
表1 AEG-1表達(dá)強(qiáng)度與性別、年齡及臨床分期的相關(guān)性分析
Tab 1 Correlation between AEG-1 expression and the clinical characteristics of the ESCC patients
圖5 AEG-1表達(dá)強(qiáng)度與生存期的相關(guān)分析
Fig 5 Correlation between AEG-1 expression and survival time of the ESCC patients
綜上所述,AEG-1在食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的發(fā)病中起重要作用,其不僅可以用于預(yù)測(cè)食管癌患者預(yù)后,也可能成為一個(gè)潛在的基因治療靶點(diǎn)。
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Study on the correlation of astrocyte elevated gene-1 expression and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
ZHU Chuan-hui1,LI Ting-zan1,WANG Shou-jiu1,ZHOU Ye1,LI Xue-liang2
(1.DepartmentofGastroenterology,BenQHospitalofNanjingMedicalUniversity,Nanjing210019,China; 2.DepartmentofGastroenterology,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofNanjingMedicalUniversity,Nanjing210029,China)
Objective: To investigate the expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and its correlation with the clinical staging and prognosis.Methods:We used semi quantitative RT-PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to detect AEG-1 gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and different levels of expression,and analyze relationship with clinical tumor stage characteristics and prognosis.Results:The esophageal squamous cell cancer of AEG-1 mRNA and protein expression were 8.2-18.5 times and 4.6-13.2 times respectively those of adjacent normal tissues.Among 76 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma AEG-1 in paraffin embedded tissue protein expressed in 70 cases. The expression intensity of AEG-1 was higher in male patients than female patients,as well as in advanced lesions than in early lesions,whereas its expression was negatively correlated with the survival time of the patients.Conclusion:Not only can the expression of AEG-1 in esophageal cancer predict the prognosis of patients, but can also be used as a potential molecular target for gene therapy.
astrocyte elevated gene-1; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; RT-PCR; Western boltting; immunohistochemistry
2015-03-20
2015-08-31
南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)科技發(fā)展基金面上項(xiàng)目(SRD20120074)
朱傳會(huì)(1983-),女,江蘇淮安人,主治醫(yī)師,在讀博士研究生。E-mail:arial.zhu@benqhospital.com
李學(xué)良 E-mail:ligakur@aliyun.com;李廷贊 E-mail:benjamin.li@benqhospital.com
朱傳會(huì),李庭贊,王壽九,等.星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上調(diào)基因-1表達(dá)與食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌預(yù)后的相關(guān)性研究[J].東南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):醫(yī)學(xué)版,2015,34(6):938-942.
R735.1
A
1671-6264(2015)06-0938-05
10.3969/j.issn.1671-6264. 2015. 06.018