周麗萍
【關(guān)鍵詞】初中英語(yǔ);文本內(nèi)涵;提問(wèn);切入點(diǎn)
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.4 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】1005-6009(2015)02-0073-01
1.在“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”處切入。
教材是一個(gè)整體,不是一章一節(jié)零散的組合,所以教師要系統(tǒng)把握教材的層次脈絡(luò),提問(wèn)要抓住文本的核心和重點(diǎn),要把握課標(biāo)的內(nèi)容定向和目標(biāo)定位。有時(shí)可以在課題上做文章,以文章主題為中心,向四周發(fā)散。如在Reading板塊的教學(xué)中,在抓住文章的中心基礎(chǔ)上,我有時(shí)提出這樣的問(wèn)題:能否找出文中的主旨中心句?能否給文章加一個(gè)標(biāo)題?能否給文章改動(dòng)一個(gè)結(jié)尾?例如在教“臺(tái)灣地震”這一單元時(shí),我讓學(xué)生找出作者心理變化的形容詞,再圍繞這些形容詞,層層開展進(jìn)一步的教學(xué)活動(dòng)。
2.在“一石激起千層浪”處切入。
提問(wèn)的目的,在于引起學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)上的矛盾,利用學(xué)生的好奇心激起他們的求知欲望。教學(xué)中,要充分挖掘教材中所蘊(yùn)含的創(chuàng)新教育素材,精心設(shè)計(jì)提問(wèn),促使學(xué)生展開想象的翅膀,迸發(fā)出創(chuàng)造性思維的火花。
我曾觀摩某老師執(zhí)教譯林版《牛津初中英語(yǔ)》8A Unit 2 Welcome板塊的教學(xué)展示課。該單元的主題是School life,在comic strip中Hobo和Eddie有這么一個(gè)回合的對(duì)話:Hobo:Whats school like?Eddie:Its like watching TV,but there are fewer advertisements.在一系列的鋪墊環(huán)節(jié)之后,教師很自然地讓學(xué)生討論這一個(gè)話題:Whats school like?為了啟發(fā)學(xué)生思維,先有教師拋磚引玉:School is like running.Every second,every minute,we should run to get the first. 學(xué)生的回答可謂精彩紛呈:
School is like a box of chocolates. Some taste sweet. Some taste bad./School is like playing basketball,it makes me tired but excited./School is like a cup of coffee, bitter but delicious.其實(shí),在課文中就這么簡(jiǎn)單的一句話,有的教師或許一帶而過(guò),并沒(méi)有察覺(jué)其“潛質(zhì)”,然而該教師獨(dú)具慧眼,看出其價(jià)值所在,針對(duì)Welcome板塊在整個(gè)單元中的地位,抓住這個(gè)切入點(diǎn),挖掘其內(nèi)涵,為學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)啟智的空間,引領(lǐng)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)課堂上任由思想縱情馳騁,碰撞出思維的火花,讓師生體驗(yàn)情感和心靈的愉悅。
3.在“此處無(wú)聲勝有聲”處切入。
由于表達(dá)的需要,不少課文往往留有“空白點(diǎn)”,或是在課文中,蘊(yùn)含豐富的內(nèi)涵,或是在課文的結(jié)尾,言已盡而意未窮。教學(xué)時(shí),抓住這些“空白點(diǎn)”設(shè)置疑問(wèn),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生展開豐富想象,充實(shí)課文內(nèi)容,促進(jìn)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造思維的發(fā)展。
我在執(zhí)教7B Reading 板塊The ghost in the park這一課時(shí),文章的最后一段是“This is the ghost in the park,”Andy said. Millie and Amy were very surprised— it was a little cat ! Later that day, they took the little cat to the animal centre.文章雖然到此戛然而止,但會(huì)讓我們情不自禁去思考:這是一只病弱的小貓,它在動(dòng)物中心會(huì)生活得好嗎?Millie,Amy和Andy會(huì)去動(dòng)物中心看望它嗎?利用這一可發(fā)揮的區(qū)域,我向?qū)W生發(fā)問(wèn):Two weeks later, what happened to the little cat ?Was it getting worse or better? Were the three students worried about the cat?What would they do ?學(xué)生對(duì)這一故事后續(xù)也表現(xiàn)得興致勃勃,各抒己見:The little cat got stronger, because the workers in the animal center took good care of it. The little cat was very happy, because it had enough food to eat and there were many friends in the animal centre. 教師追問(wèn):What did they do when they knew the cat got ill?學(xué)生答:They asked their classmates to donate some money to the cat. 學(xué)生的回答出人意料卻又在情理之中。通過(guò)這一環(huán)節(jié),無(wú)疑讓學(xué)生展開想象,促進(jìn)了學(xué)生思維的發(fā)展?!?/p>
(作者單位:江蘇省宜興外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校)