付 娟,尹宜發(fā),姚 霞,楊 欣
吲哚-3-原醇對(duì)人肺癌細(xì)胞株A549的促凋亡和增殖抑制作用
付 娟,尹宜發(fā),姚 霞,楊 欣*
目的 探討吲哚-3-原醇(Indol-3-carbinol,I3C)對(duì)肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響及其作用機(jī)制。方法 將對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的A549細(xì)胞分別用不同濃度的I3C處理(0、25、50、100 μg/mL)。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)72 h后,采用MTT觀察I3C對(duì)A549細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用;Annexin V-PI/FITC檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡;Western blotting檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中PI3K、p-AKT、Bax、Bcl-2、Cleavage-PARP、Clevage-Caspase3蛋白的變化。結(jié)果 I3C可以呈濃度依賴(lài)性地誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞的增殖抑制和凋亡,上調(diào)Bax和Cleavage-PARP、Cleavage-Caspase3表達(dá),下調(diào)PI3K、p-AKT和Bcl-2,對(duì)AKT表達(dá)無(wú)明顯影響。結(jié)論 I3C可通過(guò)抑制PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路而誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞增殖抑制和凋亡。
吲哚-3-原醇;A549;增殖;凋亡;PI3K/AKT
肺癌是常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一,其發(fā)病率和死亡率極高,目前高居男性死亡率的第1位,嚴(yán)重影響人類(lèi)健康[1]。目前肺癌的治療方式包括早期手術(shù)切除、放療和化療等,但目前治療手段效果有限,而且不良反應(yīng)大[2]。近年來(lái)從自然界天然植物中提取有效成分抗腫瘤成為腫瘤研究的熱點(diǎn)[3-5]。吲哚-3-原醇(Indol-3-carbinol,I3C)是葡萄糖蔓芹苷的前體,大量存在于十字花科類(lèi)食用蔬菜如西蘭花等[6]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),I3C可以抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖和誘導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞凋亡、清除氧自由基和抗脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化等作用[6-8],常用來(lái)治療消化道、肝臟和前列腺等處的腫瘤[3-5]。肺癌的發(fā)生是細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞增殖平衡失調(diào)的結(jié)果[9]。本研究以人肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549為靶細(xì)胞,探討I3C對(duì)肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549的作用及其機(jī)制。
1.1 材料 人肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549,購(gòu)于ATCC,I3C(Sigma,USA)經(jīng)HPLC鑒定純度超過(guò)99%;CCK-8試劑盒購(gòu)自武漢谷歌;Annexin V-FITC凋亡試劑盒(Abcam,USA),RPMI 1640 培養(yǎng)基,美國(guó)Gibgo公司;小牛血清,杭州四季青公司;12孔培養(yǎng)板,美國(guó)Falcon公司;β-actin抗體(Abmart,China),Bcl-2抗體(Santa Cruz,CA),Bax抗體(Santa Cruz,CA),Cleavage-PARP(Santa Cruz,CA),Cleavage-Caspase3(Santa Cruz,CA),PI3K(CST,USA),AKT抗體(CST,USA),p-AKT抗體(CST,USA)。蛋白裂解液RIPA(碧云天),蛋白酶抑制劑cocktail及Western blot凝膠制備試劑盒購(gòu)自武漢谷歌生物公司,BCA蛋白定量試劑盒(碧云天),酶標(biāo)儀(Thermo Fisher)。
1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) A549細(xì)胞置于含有10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液中,加入青霉素(100 U/mL)和鏈霉素(100 U/mL),在37 ℃、5% CO2飽和濕度培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。
1.3 儀器 CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱,美國(guó)Forma scientific公司;倒置顯微鏡、激光共聚焦顯微鏡,日本Olympus公司;酶標(biāo)儀(Thermo Fisher)。PVDF膜(Roche),ECL試劑盒(Bi-pech),膠片及化學(xué)發(fā)光儀(Kodak)。
1.4 細(xì)胞增殖的MTT法檢測(cè) 取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期A549細(xì)胞,接種于12孔板內(nèi),調(diào)整密度為1×104/mL,每孔100 μL,加入A549(0、25、50、100 μg/mL),計(jì)量參考文獻(xiàn)[10],每組均設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。12孔板置于37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)72 h后,加入5 mg/mL的MTT溶液20 μL/孔,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h,然后加入三聯(lián)裂解液[10% SDS+5%異丁醇+1% HCL(10 mol/L),100 μL/孔],37 ℃放置過(guò)夜后,用酶標(biāo)儀于波長(zhǎng)570 nm處讀取吸光度(OD)值,根據(jù)OD值計(jì)算細(xì)胞增殖抑制率:細(xì)胞增殖抑制率(%)=[對(duì)照孔OD值-實(shí)驗(yàn)孔OD值]/[對(duì)照孔OD值-空白孔OD值]×100%。
1.5 Annexin-V雙染法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡 取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的細(xì)胞接種于6孔板中,調(diào)整密度為1×105/mL。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)72 h后,收集各組所有懸浮細(xì)胞,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為1×104/mL,每孔100 μL,加入A549(0、25、50、100 μg/mL),取1 mL細(xì)胞懸液,1 000 r/min離心5 min,去培養(yǎng)基,37 ℃水浴1 h,放入冰浴加入0.5 mg/L碘化丙啶(PI)及Annexin V,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)。采用CELIQUEST軟件分析細(xì)胞凋亡率。
1.6 Western blotting檢測(cè)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)表達(dá) 將各濃度組收集的細(xì)胞用預(yù)冷的PBS清洗后,按照蛋白裂解液RIPA操作說(shuō)明提取蛋白,BCA法進(jìn)行蛋白定量,將各組蛋白濃度調(diào)成一致,沸水煮5 min,待用。取各組細(xì)胞總蛋白樣品80 μg,以樣品中的β-actin為內(nèi)參,經(jīng)SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳,轉(zhuǎn)膜,然后用含5%脫脂奶粉的PBS封閉2 h,分別加入適量含2%脫脂奶粉的PBS稀釋PI3K抗體(1∶400),AKT抗體(1∶1 000),p-AKT(1∶500),Bax(1∶500),Bcl-2(1∶500),Cleavage-PARP (1∶1 000),Cleavage-Caspase3(1∶500)和β-actin(1∶3 000)抗體,4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜。PBS洗膜3次,10 min/次,根據(jù)一抗的來(lái)源,再分別加入適量含2%脫脂奶粉的PBS稀釋的HRP標(biāo)記羊抗兔IgG(1∶500)、HRP標(biāo)記羊抗鼠IgG(1∶5 000)室溫下作用2 h,PBS洗膜3次,10 min/次,ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光顯色、壓片、顯影、定影、膠片掃描保存。用Ge-l Pro Analyzer(Ver.3.0)軟件測(cè)定蛋白條帶灰度值,PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、Bax、Bcl-2和Cleavage-Caspase3條帶灰度值與β-actin內(nèi)參條帶灰度值的比值,分別將上述蛋白表達(dá)量化。
2.1 I3C對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增殖的影響 MTT檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,A549呈劑量依賴(lài)性抑制HeLa細(xì)胞增殖,在100 μmol達(dá)到最大抑制率(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)圖1。
2.2 I3C對(duì)A549細(xì)胞凋亡的影響 流式檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,I3C可以呈濃度依賴(lài)性促進(jìn)A549細(xì)胞凋亡。見(jiàn)圖2。
2.3 I3C對(duì)A549細(xì)胞、PI3K和AKT的影響 Western blotting顯示,I3C呈劑量依賴(lài)性降低PI3K和p-AKT的表達(dá),但對(duì)AKT表達(dá)無(wú)明顯影響,顯示I3C可以抑制A549細(xì)胞PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路的激活。見(jiàn)圖3。
2.4 I3C對(duì)A549細(xì)胞BCL-2、Bax和Clevage-Caspase3表達(dá)的影響 Western blotting顯示,I3C可以呈劑量依賴(lài)性促進(jìn)BCL-2的降解和上調(diào)Bax和Cleavage-PARP、Clevage-Caspase3的表達(dá)(P<0.05或P<0.01)。見(jiàn)圖4。
圖1 MTT檢測(cè)I3C對(duì)A549細(xì)胞增殖的影響
圖2 流式檢測(cè)I3C對(duì)A549細(xì)胞凋亡的影響(n=6)
肺癌發(fā)生于支氣管粘膜上皮,亦稱(chēng)支氣管癌。近50年來(lái)肺癌的發(fā)病率明顯增高,在男性癌癥患者中,肺癌已居首位,女性發(fā)病率也迅速增高,占女性常見(jiàn)惡性腫瘤的第2位或第3位[1-5]。肺癌細(xì)胞具有較強(qiáng)的生長(zhǎng)增殖、基質(zhì)黏附和抗凋亡等能力,這些都是影響肺癌預(yù)后的主要因素,目前肺癌的治療方式包括手術(shù)切除、藥物化療、射線(xiàn)放療等,效果有限,且不良反應(yīng)大,因此,尋找能抑制肺癌細(xì)胞增殖和促進(jìn)肺癌細(xì)胞凋亡的藥物,成為各國(guó)研究關(guān)注的難點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)[6-7]。
圖3 Western blotting檢測(cè)I3C對(duì)各組細(xì)胞PI3K、p-AKT和AKT的表達(dá)
注:組間比較,*P<0.05
圖4 Western blotting檢測(cè)I3C對(duì)A549細(xì)胞BCL-2、Bax和Clevage-Caspase3表達(dá)的影響
注:組間比較,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
I3C是十字花科蔬菜的主要成分之一,作為一種天然抗氧化劑和自由基清除劑,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),I3C對(duì)肝癌、鼻咽癌、宮頸癌等多種腫瘤細(xì)胞都具有良好的抑制作用[3-5]。大量研究表明,I3C可通過(guò)多種途徑發(fā)揮有效的抗腫瘤作用,主要包括阻滯細(xì)胞周期、調(diào)控與細(xì)胞增殖分化密切相關(guān)的細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)因子等,以抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖,并誘導(dǎo)其發(fā)生凋亡[6-8]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),I3C可以通過(guò)PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路的激活而抑制如肝癌、乳腺癌等腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖和促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡[11-14]。PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路是經(jīng)典的信號(hào)通路,參與多種細(xì)胞信號(hào)的介導(dǎo),這些信號(hào)涉及細(xì)胞周期分化、轉(zhuǎn)錄、翻譯、糖代謝、細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡受阻[11-14]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路激活可促進(jìn)肺癌細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡受阻[15]。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),I3C可以劑量依賴(lài)性地誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞增殖抑制和凋亡,上調(diào)Bax、Cleavage-PARP和Cleavage-Caspase3的表達(dá),下調(diào)PI3K、p-AKT和Bcl-2的表達(dá),但對(duì)AKT表達(dá)無(wú)明顯影響。這提示I3C可通過(guò)抑制PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路而誘導(dǎo)肺癌細(xì)胞系增殖抑制和凋亡。 綜上所述,I3C可通過(guò)抑制PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路而誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞增殖抑制和凋亡。但是I3C是直接作用于PI3K信號(hào)分子還是通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)其上游激酶和/或信號(hào)分子而間接發(fā)揮作用仍不清楚,除PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路外,是否還有其他信號(hào)通路涉及PI3K誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞增殖抑制和凋亡,尚需進(jìn)一步的研究。
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Effect of indole-3-carbinol on proliferation and apoptosis of A549 cells
FU Juan,YIN Yi-fa,YAO Xia,YANG Xin*
(The Second People′s Hospital and Yichang Second People′s Hospital of China Three Gorges University,Hubei 443000,China)
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanisms of the indole-3-carbinol on the apoptosis and proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells line A549.Methods The A549 cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group and I3C groups.The cells were normally treated with different concentrations of I3C (0,25,50,100 μg/mL).MTT and Annexin V-PI/FITC were used to examine the proliferation and apoptotic changes of the A549 cell after incubation for 72 h,respectively.The changes of PI3K,p-AKT,AKT,Bax,Bcl-2,Cleavage-PARP and Cleavage-Caspase3 protein were detected by Western blotting.Results The results showed that I3C treatment can decrease the proliferation of A549 and the expression of PI3K,p-AKT and Bcl-2 and increase the apoptosis rate of A549,the expression of Cleavage -PARP,Cleavage-Caspase3 and Bax.Moreover,I3C had no influence on the expression of AKT.Conclusion I3C can induce the apoptosis and growth inhibition of human lung adenocarcinoma cells line A549 and the mechanism is involved in PI3K/AKT signaling.
Indole-3-carbinol; A549 cells; Proliferation; Apoptosis; PI3K/AKT
2014-12-02
三峽大學(xué)第二人民醫(yī)院暨宜昌市第二人民醫(yī)院,湖北 宜昌443000
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81100264)
10.14053/j.cnki.ppcr.201507002
*通信作者